Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Špulák Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kacálek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Below-canopy and topsoil temperatures in young Norway spruce and Carpathian birch stands compared to gaps in the mountains Abstract: Reduced air pollution load has allowed to use commercially oriented forestry in the Central European mountains since the 1990s. The goal is, however, to restore species- and age-diversified stable stands that are expected to cope with uncertain changes of the harsh mountain climate. The microclimate of current young forest stands can impact on growth and performance of underplanted seedlings. In the present study, aboveground (+10 cm), surface (0 cm) and belowground (-10 cm) temperatures were compared under Norway spruce and Carpathian birch canopies. Measurements were performed in 22-year-old Norway spruce and Carpathian birch stands and replicated three times. These measurements were compared with three adjacent gaps dominated by herbal vegetation. Temperatures were measured automatically during the growing periods 2011 and 2012. The research was conducted on Norway spruce on an acidic Spodosol forest site in the summit part of the Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic. Data were analysed using the Horn procedure of pivot measures. The highest variability of aboveground and soil surface temperatures was observed within the gaps during a spring time. The temperatures beneath the leafless birch were close to those within the gaps, whereas in the period of leaved trees the temperature extremes were reduced similarly like under the spruce stand canopy compared to the gaps. The differences between the plots were the smallest at the end of growing seasons. Keywords: air, soil, below-canopy climate, microclimate, stand environment Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 441-451 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/77/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:77-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mohammadi Limaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Author-Name: G. Safari Author-Workplace-Name: Iranian National Tax Administration, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: G. Mohammadi Merceh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Title: Recreational values of forest park using the contingent valuation method (case study: Saravan Forest Park, north of Iran) Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the economic values of Saravan Forest Park, north of Iran. The contingent valuation method was used for this propose. In order to do this research, 480 questionnaires were used. The questionnaires were distributed randomly among the visitors in different seasons. A linear logit regression model was used to estimate the relation between dependent and independent variables. The software including MS Excel, Eviews and Shazam was used for statistical analysis of variables, mathematical calculation and parameter estimation of the logit model. Results indicated that the variables such as proposed entrance fee, monthly income, non-governmental organization membership, moralizing view on the environment and natural resources as well as length of stay have significant effects on willingness to pay for the recreational use of the study area. Results showed that 91.19% of people were willing to pay for the recreational value of the forest park. Results also showed that the total annual recreational value of the forest park is 22,761.6 million IRR. Keywords: willingness to pay, environmental economics, logit regression model, economic values Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 452-462 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/4/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:4-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Berrichi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria Author-Name: K. Benabdelli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria Author-Name: A. Haddad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria Title: Radial evolution of vascular elements in the oak Quercus ilex L. wood Abstract: In order to describe and measure the evolution of vascular elements in time, we examined two groups of samples of the green oak (Quercus ilex Linnaeus) wood. These groups are on the same radial plane and come from two trees growing under identical conditions and with different ages. The first group is located in the internal zone between the 15th and 19th growth ring and the second group is situated in the external area before the sapwood. The analysis of results shows the outside zone with isolated, numerous and large vessels compared to the internal zone. The results also explain how the vascular elements develop in advanced age. Keywords: vessel diameter, number of vessels, early wood, latewood, evolution Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 463-469 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/85/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:85-2015-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.P. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Nonlinear mixed effect height-diameter model for mixed species forests in the central part of the Czech Republic Abstract: Various forest models that estimate volume, site index, growth and yield, biomass, and sequestrated carbon amounts are based on the information of the tree heights. The tree heights are obtained either directly from measurements or indirectly estimated using height-diameter models. We developed a nonlinear mixed effect height-diameter model applicable to both conifer and broadleaved tree species through the introduction of dummy variable that accounts for the variations in the height-diameter relationship, caused by the effects of species-specific differences. Data from 255 sample plots located within the multi-layered mixed species forests in the central part of the Czech Republic were used. Based on the fit statistics of twelve bi-parametric models, the Näslund's model, which best fits height-diameter data of various species, was selected for expansion by incorporating height of the tallest tree per sample plot, dummy variable, and sample plot-level random effects. As compared to the ordinary least square model, the mixed effect model described significantly a larger part of the variations in the height-diameter relationship and showed a higher prediction accuracy. Large prediction errors still occurred for the mixed species stands when all measured heights other than the focused species (species used in species group-specific model) per sample plot were used to predict random effects and localize the mixed effect model. But those errors were significantly reduced when all measured heights per sample plot, regardless of species were used to predict random effects. We therefore recommend a mixed effect model with random effects predicted using all measured heights per sample plot, regardless of species, to accurately predict the missing height measurements. Keywords: height-diameter relationship, multi-layered forest stand, model localization, Näslund's model, prediction error Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 470-484 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/41/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:41-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Babaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: S.G. Jalali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: H. Sohrabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: A. Shirvany Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Title: Physiological responses of seedlings of different Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. provenances to heterogeneous light environments Abstract: In this study, five biochemical traits obtained for seedlings of five different provenances of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Meyer were used to evaluate the available light environment using instantaneous electronic readings as a standard. Experimental design was executed under controlled conditions at six different irradiance levels (10, 20, 30, 50, 60, and 70% of full light). Results show that among total chlorophyll (Chlmass), chlorophyll a to b ratio (Chla:Chlb), N, chlorophyll to N ratio (Chl:N), and peroxidase (POD) quantitative activity, the latter provides the highest realistic correlation with available irradiance. Ranking irradiance treatments on a Chlmass basis, Chl:N ratio, and Chla:Chlb ratio do not consistently distinguish different irradiance levels either within or between provenances, while the ranking produced by POD was an accurate reflection of the degree of irradiance within the shade houses, especially at 10-30%. Keywords: peroxidase quantitative activity, Hyrcanian forest, chlorophyll content Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 485-491 Volume: 62 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/56/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/56/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:10:id:56-2016-JFS