Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Reza KHALEGHI Title: The influence of deforestation and anthropogenic activities on runoff generation Abstract: In recent decades, due to rapid human population increases and in its results, destructive effects of anthropogenic activities on natural resources have become a great challenge. Land use and vegetation are important factors in soil erosion and runoff generation. This study was performed to assess the effects of different amounts of forest cover on the control of runoff and soil loss in the Talar basin, which is located in Mazandaran province, using a runoffrainfall model, geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to determine the hydrologic effects of deforestation on the Talar watershed (north of Iran). A runoff-rainfall model has been presented using GIS (HECGeoHMS) and hydrologic model (HEC-HMS). Land use changes (deforestation) and anthropogenic activities (roads and impervious surfaces development) were evaluated using RS techniques and satellite images. We used the Soil Conservation Service and Curve Number methods for hydrograph simulation and runoff estimation, respectively. First, a model was performed and optimized. Afterward, the optimized model was evaluated by other six events of floods (model validation). According to the obtained results, the runoff generation potential has been increased in the Talar watershed due to deforestation during the last forty years. Land use changes cause an increase in runoff volume and flood peak discharge. Keywords: rainfall-runoff model, forest, sediment, land use, Talar watershed, Iran Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 245-253 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/130/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:130-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří NOVÁK Author-Name: David DUŠEK Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marian SLODIČÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dušan KACÁLEK Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Importance of the first thinning in young mixed Norway spruce and European beech stands Abstract: Experimental results from the first thinning in mixed stands are not broadly experienced by forestry practice. To extend the experience with the thinning of a mixed stand, we studied thinned and unthinned mixtures of Norway spruce with European beech on two study sites in the Czech Republic, which represented different conditions: Všeteč (age of 19-35 years) - originally beech dominated site at 440 m a.s.l. and Deštné (age of 17-33 years) - originally spruce with beech site at 990 m a.s.l. Spruce and beech were mixed individually or in small groups. As the for number of trees, mixtures were 35-54% beech and 46-65% spruce at a lower altitude and 7-30% beech and 70-93% spruce at a higher altitude. In the period 1997-2013, we observed annually: mortality, diameter at breast height of all trees and height of trees (minimum 30 individuals) that represented diameter distribution. Results showed that the growth and development of young mixed spruce/beech stands were positively influenced by the first pre-commercial thinning on both locations. The most pronounced effect of thinning consisted in a decreased amount of basal area of dead trees. On control plots, salvage cut accounted for 34 and 46%, while on thinned plots it reached only 7-8% (thinned from above) and 18% (thinned from below) of basal area periodic increment during the 16-year study period. In contrast, diameter distribution was still relatively wide (i.e. an important amount of thin trees was left) at the end of observations on all plots of both study sites. Thinned stands also showed the better static stability (expressed as an h/d ratio) of dominant spruces compared to unthinned stands on both locations. Additionally, thinning supported the spruce share at a lower altitude and the beech share at a higher altitude. Keywords: pre-commercial thinning, diameter distribution, h/d ratio, skewness, kurtosis Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 254-262 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/5/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:5-2017-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav BURIÁNEK Author-Name: Petr NOVOTNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Tree Species Biology and Breeding, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav DOSTÁL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Tree Species Biology and Breeding, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Results of Czech ash provenance experiment Abstract: This study is focused on testing progenies of common and narrow-leaved ash based on the measurement of provenance trial plots established in various forest regions under different site conditions within the Czech Republic in the spring of 1999. Height and diameter growth of 35 provenances was measured and evaluated at the stand age of 10-14 years. The main goal of this research is to analyse and compare differences in growth between progenies originating from alluvial versus scree habitats as well as between the two evaluated ash species. Moreover, the influence of localities on growth was tested using standard provenances planted on all plots. The results of the last measurement were compared with those from the first survey in 2000 at the age of 4-5 years (1 year after planting). With the exception of DBH on the Koněprusy plot, statistically significant differences in height and diameter growth between provenances were verified. The results confirmed a very strong site influence on growth. The main conclusions indicate significant differences in growth parameters between provenances, faster growth of alluvial versus scree provenances on most lowland plots, and generally faster growth of narrow-leaved ash as compared to common ash. Keywords: alluvial ecotype, common ash, height and diameter growth, narrow-leaved ash, progeny testing, scree ecotype Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 263-274 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/11/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:11-2017-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fariba BABAEI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: Seyed Gholamali JALALI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: Hormoz SOHRABI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: Anoshirvan SHIRVANY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Title: Variability in leaf and crown morphology correlated with light availability in five natural populations of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey Abstract: In this study, we investigate seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey, from five different provenances for the research on leaf and crown morphological variations in relation to a light gradient under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The results show that significant variations occurred in many parameters due to the effects of light availability. The seedling responses to low light include the proportional allocation of more biomass to leaves, leading to higher leaf mass, leaf area, crown area, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio, in contrast, the seedlings grown in high irradiance faced a high temperature resulting in higher transpiration. At this period, seedlings alter their leaf and crown size to prevent overheating. In this experiment, in spite of the same treatments in controlled conditions in a greenhouse, the seedlings from different provenances indicate different responses to light levels. It seems that the seedlings try to maximize their surface area for the intake of light as the most limiting resource in wet provenances. Such responses under the same treatment are adaptive strategies which allow oak seedlings to have the best function under stressed conditions. For Q. castaneifolia as a species with broad fundamental niches in Hyrcanian forests, these variations may be achieved by a combination of genotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity. Keywords: plasticity, Hyrcanian forest, controlled conditions, leaf mass, leaf area, leaf area ratio Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 275-281 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/138/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/138/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:138-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yousef ASKARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: Ali SOLTANI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: Reza AKHAVAN Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Pejman TAHMASEBI KOHYANI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Title: Assessment of root-shoot ratio biomass and carbon storage of Quercus brantii Lindl. in the central Zagros forests of Iran Abstract: Assessment of carbon storage build-up in tree stems is a difficult task due to the lack of information on their carbon sequestration potential and allocation in different components. Similarly, high cost and complex methodology for accurate belowground biomass estimation make it in particular problematic. To this end, 18 Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindley) trees from two growth forms in western Iran were destructively sampled to develop biomass and carbon mass prediction. Sampling covered a range of ages (40-145-year-old), sizes (DBH 7-38 cm) and mean crown diameter (1.9-8.55 m). We examined biomass proportion and carbon sequestration quantity at individual tree and growth form levels, which were: coppice and high forest. One-way ANOVA was used to test the significant differences in carbon concentration, biomass and carbon pools between the components of the two growth forms. Results showed that there was a difference in average biomass and carbon sequestration of trees from the two growth forms. The biomass distribution pattern was similar in the two growth forms. Amounts of stored biomass in trunk, stump, branch, twig and foliage were 24.79, 6.01, 63.82, 2.53 and 2.93% of aboveground components for high forest and 16.4, 10.12, 65.83, 4.23 and 3.46% for corresponding coppice trees. The average biomass of the root-shoot ratio in high-forest and coppice trees was determined 0.72 and 0.88, respectively. A general decline in these proportions was detected as the size of trees increased. We recommend a root-shoot ratio of 0.80 to be adopted for Persian oak. Keywords: carbon sequestration, crown diameter, component, Persian oak, growth form Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 282-289 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/122/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:122-2015-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří FOIT Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef KAŠÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš MÁJEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloš KNÍŽEK Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: Gernot HOCH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Gottfried STEYRER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Vienna, Austria Title: First observations on the breeding ecology of invasive Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in its introduced range in Europe - Short communication Abstract: The invasive bark beetle species Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer, 1908, originated from Himalayan regions, arrived in Europe in the 1970s, and is now considered to be established in several European countries (Czech Republic, France and Switzerland). This species is reported to develop in walnut (Juglans regia Linnaeus) and pear (Pyrus lanata D. Don) in the region of its origin; however, to date, there has been no information regarding its host trees and breeding ecology in its introduced range. The present paper reports the development of D. himalayensis in declining black walnut trees (Juglans nigra Linnaeus) in a floodplain forest of southern Moravia (Czech Republic). The galleries were associated with basal parts of trunks of various diameters (7-45 cm) and were accompanied by dark necrotic areas and noticeable outflow of black fluid from beetle entrance holes. Further studies on the bionomics of this species are necessary to clarify its potential status as a pest of walnut trees. Keywords: bark beetle, black walnut, Czech Republic, forestry, Juglans nigra, pest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 290-292 Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/3/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201706-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:63:y:2017:i:6:id:3-2017-JFS