Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kšištof GODVOD Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Gediminas BRAZAITIS Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Julius BAČKAITIS Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Gintaras KULBOKAS Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian State Forest Service, Kaunas, Lithuania Title: The development and growth of larch stands in Lithuania Abstract: Changing climate conditions and increasing demands for timber and wood products create a need to cultivate highly productive forest stands. High productivity, good wood quality and adaption to climate change make European larch a promising species for Lithuania. The aim of this research was to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of the larch stands. We tested the hypothesis that larch stands mixed with other species are more productive than the pure larch stands. In total, our study sampled 138 larch stands, mixed stands (91) and pure stands (47) that aged between 30 and 60 years old in Lithuania. We evaluated these stands using dendrologic, dendrometric and phytocoenological characteristics and determined the main factors affecting productivity and stability of larch stands. Our study showed that pure larch stands have higher mean annual increment and are more productive than mixed larch stands. However, we found that timber volumes decreased in both pure and mixed larch stands over 50 years of age. This happens due to the absence of forestry treatments, such as thinnings in the larch stands, thus resulting in natural tree dieback. The development of thinning guidelines could make larch stands a valuable and productive source of timber. Keywords: larch stands, forestry, timber production, climate change, pure and mixed stands Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 199-206 Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/6/2018-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2018-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201805-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:5:id:6-2018-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatemeh AHMADLOO Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mohsen CALAGARI Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Azadeh SALEHI Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Gholam Reza GOODARZI Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Arak, Iran Title: Investigation of rooting and growth characteristics of poplar clones in hydroponic and soil cultures Abstract: In this study, rooting and growth characteristics of different poplar clones from six species including Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall clone Lux, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia (Pursh) W. Wettstein clone 17/13, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier clone 561/41, P. deltoides clone Samsun, Populus alba Linnaeus clone 49/9, Populus caspica (Bornmüller) Bornmüller, and Populus euphratica Olivier in hydroponic and soil cultures have been evaluated. In hydroponic culture, poplar cuttings were grown in plastic tanks and in soil culture, poplar cuttings were planted into plastic pots with 12 replications for each clone. The pot experiment was a Complete Randomized Design. Root length, stem diameter, stem height, and root and shoot dry matter of poplar plants were studied in hydroponic culture after 84 days and in soil culture three times at 6, 12, 18 weeks in 2017. In hydroponic culture, the cuttings of P. deltoides Lux and P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and of P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica were among the first and last clones that rooted, respectively. Also, the lowest rate of rooting was observed in P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica clones. The highest values of all parameters except root length were obtained in P. euphratica. The highest root length and stem diameter were observed in clones of P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, P. euramericana 561/41, and P. deltoides Samsun. In soil culture, P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and P. alba 49/9 showed the highest percentage of rooting compared to the other clones at the first measurement. All the clones except the clone of P. euphratica reached above 40 cm root length in each of the three measurement periods. The highest stem diameter, stem height, and shoot dry matter were obtained in clone of P. deltoides Lux and root dry matter in clone of P. alba 49/9. Keywords: growth parameters, numbers of rooted cuttings, Populus caspica, Populus euphratica, plastic pots Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 207-215 Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/1/2018-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2018-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201805-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:5:id:1-2018-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad HEJAZIAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Author-Name: Majid LOTFALIAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Author-Name: Soleiman MOHAMMADI LIMAEI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Title: Estimating the economic life of forest machinery using the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model in Iranian Caspian forests Abstract: This study was conducted in order to estimate the economic life of two models of rubber-tired skidders, namely Timberjack 450C and HSM 904, in Iranian Caspian forests. The total annual costs and average cumulative cost of skidders were calculated by life-cycle costing analysis. The economic life of the machines was estimated by both the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model. The results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 7,700 h (at the end of the 11th year) and 15,300 h (at the end of the 17th year), respectively, using the cost minimization model. Furthermore, the results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 9,100 h (at the end of the 13th year) and 11,900 h (at the end of the 21st year), respectively, using the cumulative cost model. The cumulative cost model estimated the economic life of skidders longer than the cost minimization model. Keywords: skidder, Timberjack 450C, HSM 904, life-cycle costing, machine life, replacement Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 216-223 Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/133/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201805-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:5:id:133-2017-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferhat KARA Author-Name: Osman TOPAÇOGLU Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Title: Onset of canopy closure for black pine, Turkish red pine and Scots pine forests Abstract: Canopy closure plays an important role in regeneration and management activities in forestry. Thus, determining the density at which canopy closure occurs is important for the success of silvicultural treatments. Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Tenore), black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) forests are usually managed at a density that is near or below the canopy closure. Residual stand density during the management of these species is commonly described by stand basal area - BA (m2.ha-1), however, the BA levels for the canopy closure have not been clearly indicated for these species. The minimum density for the onset of canopy closure (DOCC) was determined for Turkish red pine, black pine and Scots pine forests in this study. DOCC values were compared across the species. For the DOCC, the maximum tree area that a tree can occupy under open-grown conditions was used. The DOCC curves of black pine and Scots pine seem to be similar, but the canopy closure in Turkish red pine forests occurs with fewer trees per hectare for a given mean tree diameter. According to the DOCC curves, regeneration and tending activities will be more practical and effective in these forests. Keywords: Pinus brutia, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, silviculture, stand density Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 224-229 Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/153/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/153/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201805-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:5:id:153-2017-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reza BASIRI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Author-Name: Mostafa MORADI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Author-Name: Bahman KIANI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Author-Name: Maryam MAASUMI BABAARABI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Title: Evaluation of distance methods for estimating population density in Populus euphratica Olivier natural stands (case study: Maroon riparian forests, Iran) Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the performance of distance methods in terms of accuracy, precision, bias, consumed time and sampling efficiency in the Maroon riparian forests, Iran. 40 estimators were used to evaluate the density of Populus euphratica Olivier trees in pure and mixed stands. Fifty quadrates (30 × 30 m) were established in each stand. To evaluate the accuracy, precision, bias, consumed time and efficiency of sampling techniques, relative root mean square error - RRMSE (%), coefficient of variation - CV (%), relative bias - RBIAS (%), t × RBIAS2, t × E2, where t is study time and E (%) is sampling error at a confidence level of 95%, and efficiency ratio between method j and k (Efjk) were used. A compound of three basic distance estimators sampling method and n-tree were the best in both stands according to all criteria for density estimation. Moreover, variable area transect by Parker (g = 3) and quadrat method were the best methods for density estimation only in pure stand, while the angle order-point-centred quarter method was superior in mixed stand. Regarding to the results, we recommend the use of compound of three basic distances (BDAV3) and basic distance-nearest neighbour (BDNN2) for density estimation of P. euphratica stands in riparian forests. Keywords: forest sampling, accuracy, efficiency, pure and mixed stands Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 230-244 Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/146/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/146/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201805-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:5:id:146-2017-JFS