Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianwei W. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redding, California, USA Author-Name: William W. Oliver Author-Workplace-Name: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redding, California, USA Author-Name: Russell T. Graham Author-Workplace-Name: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, Idaho, USA Author-Name: W. Keith Moser Author-Workplace-Name: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA Title: The Level-of-Growing-Stock (LOGS) study on thinning ponderosa pine forests in the US West: A long-term collaborative experiment in density management Abstract: The Levels-of-Growing-Stock study for ponderosa pine was a collective effort among western Research Stations within the US Forest Service. The experiment was established to test sustainable productivity across a wide range of densities by periodically thinning the plots. Beyond the original purposes for wood production, contemporary applications of these long-term studies have been to determine stand density effects on (i) both overstory and understory responses to stand development of even-aged ponderosa pine, (ii) biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration, (iii) plant diversity and wildlife habitats, and (iv) forest resiliency to insects and pathogens, droughts, and wildfires. Furthermore, these installations have served as a showpiece for the public and natural laboratories for professional foresters and students. For the past half century, the study has helped guide land managers and stakeholders on public and private lands about the value of thinning in overstocked young stands of ponderosa pine across its range. We hope that it will continue to serve as a springboard for addressing future issues facing forest management. Keywords: LOGS, long-term experiment, Pinus ponderosa, stand density, sustainable yield Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 393-406 Volume: 66 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/72/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202010-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:66:y:2020:i:10:id:72-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maame Esi Hammond Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lumir Dobrovolný Author-Workplace-Name: Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny, Czech Republic Author-Name: Nina Hiitola Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal Friedl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of gap size on tree species diversity of natural regeneration - case study from Masaryk Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny Abstract: Forest gaps remain the optimal forest management practice in modern forestry. Upon all the physical properties of forest gaps, the 'gap size' feature stands out as an essential property. The effect of gap size on tree species composition and diversity of natural regeneration in forest gaps of different sizes was investigated. Eight research forest gaps were selected from the Training Forest School Enterprise, also called Masaryk Forest in Křtiny, a temperate mixed forest in the Czech Republic. By given gap sizes, small (< 700 m2) and large gaps (≥ 700 m2) were defined. Forty-one (41) regeneration microsites (RSs) of 1 m2 circular area at 2 m intervals were demarcated within each forest gap. These RSs served as data collection points. From the total of eleven (11) species enumerated, large gaps obtained higher species composition (10) and diversity (Simpson = 0.5 1-D; Shannon = 1.0 H and Pielou's evenness = 0.5 J indices) records, yet, small gaps presented favourable conditions for prolific natural regeneration significantly. Light-adapted species demonstrated no significant difference (P > 0.05) between small and large gaps, however, intermediate and shade-tolerant species were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in small gaps. There were progressive declines in height growth of natural regeneration from 0-20 cm to 21-50 cm and 51+ cm in small and large gaps at R2 = 99% and 88%, respectively. The development of herbaceous vegetation in small and large gaps had positive and negative effects on the natural regeneration of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba species, respectively. Keywords: intermediate species, large gaps, light-adapted species, shade-tolerant species, small gaps, species composition and diversity Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 407-419 Volume: 66 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/78/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202010-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:66:y:2020:i:10:id:78-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Barta Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Danail Takov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Daniela Pilarska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Danail Doychev Author-Workplace-Name: University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Miriam Kádasi Horáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria and their pathogenicity to Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Vitosha National Park, Bulgaria Abstract: Ips typographus is a serious pest for forestry in Eurasia. Effective control is difficult due to its cryptic habits and insect pathogenic microorganisms, including entomopathogenic fungi that are believed to be a promising alternative to the traditional control measures of this pest. In 2018, diversity of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria was studied in populations of I. typographus in the Vitosha National Park, Bulgaria. Two species, B. bassiana and B. caledonica, were identified and 33 in vitro strains were obtained. Phylogenetic positions of the strains were evaluated according to phylogenetic inferences based on ITS and TEF-1α. Pathogenicity of the strains against bark beetles was tested in laboratory. All strains were pathogenic, although there was some variability in the efficacy of B. bassiana strains. Virulence of the five most pathogenic strains (four B. bassiana strains and one B. caledonica strain) was compared with the commercial mycoinsecticide Boverol® and highly-virulent B. bassiana strain ARSEF 12957 isolated from I. typographus in Slovakia. The strain from Boverol® was least virulent and the Slovak strain ARSEF 12957 was more efficient than the Bulgarian strains, but the difference was not significant. The laboratory experiments suggest that the Bulgarian strains have a potential for the control of bark beetle adults. Keywords: Beauveria, bark beetles, natural fungal infection, spruce forests, virulence Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 420-435 Volume: 66 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/123/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/123/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202010-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:66:y:2020:i:10:id:123-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irina N. Volkova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Economic Geography, Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation Author-Name: Alexander Solodunov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geodesy, Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation Author-Name: Larisa N. Kondratenko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Advanced Mathematics, Kuban State Agrarian University I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation Title: Composition and structure of regrowth forests on abandoned agricultural land Abstract: Overgrowing of agricultural land by forest in Russia is a large-scale process. This study aims to examine the composition and structure of forests that took over abandoned agricultural lands in Belorechensky district, Krasnodar Krai (Russia). The research on 4 farmland plots was carried out in 2018. At the time of observation agricultural land has been abandoned for 7 to 8 years. Research methodology was developed to determine parameters such as tree and shrub density per ha, height and age at 50 m and up to 100 m from the forest. Two study sites were dominated by mesophytes, whilst the other two sites were invaded by xerophytes. Xerophytic landscapes were co-dominated by downy oaks and dog roses. The stand density of examined plants was 1.7 times lower at 51 to 100 m than near the forest (P ≤ 0.05). There were 3.3 times as many dog roses as downy oaks. The stand density of common ash stand at 51 to 100 m from the forest edge was 10 times lower than that of dog rose (P ≤ 0.01). Mesophytic landscapes were co-dominated by black poplars and crack willows. Black poplar was 4.3 times more frequent than dog rose (P ≤ 0.002) and 130 times more common than elm (P ≤ 0.0001). Natural overgrowth or succession can affect vast areas of land. It was established that dog roses and downy oaks regenerate xerophytic fields within 6 to 7 years, whereas mesophytic fields become dominated by black poplars and crack willows within 5 to 7 years. Keywords: abandoned agricultural land, black poplar, downy oak, overgrowth, regeneration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 436-442 Volume: 66 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/100/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202010-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:66:y:2020:i:10:id:100-2020-JFS