Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Mihál Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: Eva Luptáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: Martin Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Wood-inhabiting macromycete communities in spruce stands on former agricultural land Abstract: Wood-inhabiting macromycete (WIM) communities in the ecosystem of uneven-aged spruce stands growing on former agricultural land were investigated in relation to the supply of wood substrate, degree of wood rot, and selected climatic and ecological conditions. Altogether, 58 WIM species were detected at research plots during 2016-2018. The abundance of fruiting bodies and WIM species richness increased from the youngest to the oldest forest stands. The highest numbers of fruiting body abundance were recorded for Gymnopus perforans (11 756), Hypholoma fasciculare (2 971), Coprinellus disseminatus (326), Exidia pithya (318) and Panellus mitis (147). The influence of stand age on WIM abundance was highly significant (P < 0.001), WIM abundance was not affected by precipitation (P > 0.05). The relationships between abundance and air temperature (P < 0.001), species richness and precipitation (P < 0.001), species richness and air temperature (P < 0.001) were highly significant. The most frequent damage to trees was caused by insects and forest animals (81%), which resulted in a high occurrence of resin secretion (70%). The total volume of coarse wood debris (CWD) and the decay rate were not statistically dependent. We confirmed the occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum s.s., H. abietinum s.s., H. parviporum s.s., Armillaria ostoyae s.s. and A. cepistipes s.s. by use of molecular genetic analyses. Keywords: managed forests, Picea abies, phytopathology, rot, wood-decaying fungi, Western Carpathians Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 51-65 Volume: 67 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/107/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:2:id:107-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Honfy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plantation Forestry, Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Püspökladány, Hungary Author-Name: Tamás Ábri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plantation Forestry, Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Püspökladány, Hungary Author-Name: Lajos Juhász Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: János Rásó Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plantation Forestry, Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Püspökladány, Hungary Author-Name: Zsolt Keserű Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plantation Forestry, Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Püspökladány, Hungary Author-Name: Károly Rédei Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: A simplified method for application of natural regeneration in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands in Hungary Abstract: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Hungary, covering approximately 24% of the forest land and providing 25% of the annual timber supply. One third of these black locust stands are high forests (planted with seedlings) and the remaining stands are coppices. An auxiliary table was developed for planning the black locust natural regeneration in order to determine the sprouting criteria based on stand volume at the final cutting age. Twenty forest subcompartments were selected for investigating the possibility of black locust regeneration by root suckers. The basic yield and stand structure factors were determined using the numerical yield table for black locust stands. The results show that the regeneration of black locust stands from root suckers can be recommended on good and medium quality sites without a decrease in yield or stem quality. Black locust stands of good and medium quality (yield classes I, II, III and IV) may be regenerated from suckers in general until their growing stock attains and if their health is adequate. The simplicity of the practice-oriented auxiliary table based on the black locust yield table may further the development of management and wood utilization of the species. Keywords: exotic tree species, coppice, regeneration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 66-70 Volume: 67 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/147/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/147/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:2:id:147-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marzieh Ghavidel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Peyman Bayat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Title: Satellite image processing of the Buxus hyrcana Pojark dieback in the Northern Forests of Iran Abstract: Pests and diseases can cause a variety of reactions in plants. In recent years, the boxwood dieback has become one of the essential concerns of practitioners and natural resources managers in Iran. To control the boxwood dieback spread, the early detection and disease distribution maps are required. The boxwood dieback causes a range of changes in colour, shape and leaf size with respect to photosynthesis and transpiration. Through remote sensing techniques, e.g. satellite image processing data, the variation of thermal and visual characteristics of the plant could be used to measure and illustrate the symptoms of the disease. In this study, five common vegetation indices like difference vegetation index (DVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), simple ratio (SR), and plant health index (PHI) were extracted and calculated from Landsat 8 satellite image data from six regions in the Gilan province, located in the northern part of Iran out of 150 maps over the time period 2014‒2018. It turned out that among the aforementioned indices, based upon the results of the models, SR and NDVI indices were more useful for the disease spread, respectively. Our disease progression model fitting criteria showed that this technique could probably be used to assess the extent of the affected areas and also the disease progression in the investigated regions in future. Keywords: image processing, vegetation indices, Landsat 8, forest, remote sensing Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 71-79 Volume: 67 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/56/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/56/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:2:id:56-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghaffar Yolmeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Author-Name: Aidin Parsakhoo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Author-Name: Vahedberdi Sheikh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Watershed management, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Author-Name: Jahangir Mohamadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Title: Effect of the standard levels of forest road segments on soil loss Abstract: Roads with the low standard level are often more susceptible to soil loss and production of sediment during rainfall events. The main aims of this research were to investigate the relationships between the standard level of the road and soil loss and determine the most effective road attributes in soil loss. Therefore, 30 road segments were selected in Bahramnia forest district, Golestan Province. These segments were classified into low standard, medium standard and high standard levels based on longitudinal slope, coverage on cut slopes, distance from runoff origin to culvert, traffic volume, and surfacing quality. A rubber bar was installed at the end of each segment to divert runoff into a sediment trap. In each trap, a series of wooden pins marked the locations for repeated elevation measurements of trapped sediment. Sediment volume was measured after each rainfall event. Results of the study showed that the most effective road attributes in soil loss were distance from runoff origin to trap and depth of ditch. Soil loss from road segments increased with the decreasing standard level of segments but this relationship was moderately strong (correlation coefficient: -0.45). An average amount of soil loss from low level standard road segments was 6.56 t.ha-1.year-1 while an amount of soil loss for high level standard roads was 2.66 t.ha-1.year-1. Indeed, by improving the road attributes and standard level, less sediment is produced from road segments. Keywords: sediment trap, rainfall duration-intensity, road standards, runoff, Bahramnia forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 80-86 Volume: 67 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/73/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:2:id:73-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan Faramarzi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Seyd Mohsen Hosseini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and Environment Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: Mahdi Farnaghi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geo-Information Processing (GIP), Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands Title: Forest fire spatial modelling using ordered weighted averaging multi-criteria evaluation Abstract: Forest fires are a major environmental issue because they are increasing as a consequence of climate change and global warming. The present study was aimed to model forest fire hazard using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) multi-criteria evaluation algorithm and to determine the role of human, climatic, and environmental factors in forest fire occurrence within the Golestan National Park (GNP), Iran. The database used for the present study was created according to daily classification of climate changes, environmental basic maps, and human-made influential forest fire factors. In the study area, the forest fires were registered using GPS. Expert opinions were applied through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the importance of effective factors. Fuzzy membership functions were used to standardize the thematic layers. The fire risk maps were prepared using different OWA scenarios for man-made, climatic, and environment factors. The findings revealed that roads (weight = 0.288), rainfalls (weight = 0.288), and aspects (weight = 0.255) are the major factors that contribute to the occurrence of forest fire in the study area. The forest fire maps prepared from different scenarios were validated using the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Values of forest fire maps acquired from scenarios of human, environment, climate factors and their combination were 0.87, 0.731, 0.773 and 0.819, respectively. Keywords: agents fire, ordered weighted averaging, fuzzification, analytic hierarchy process, Golestan National Park Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 87-100 Volume: 67 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/50/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:2:id:50-2020-JFS