Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javed Iqbal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Title: Impact of silvicultural system on natural regeneration in Western Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan Abstract: Site conditions (topography, aspect, moisture availability, humus thickness, light exposure, and grazing activities) play a vital role in the germination and regeneration process. The research was conducted in the Himalayan moist temperate forest. The research site was divided based on the silvicultural system (group selection system and single-tree selection system) into 148 plots and 150 plots, respectively. The group selection system was examined on the site of 2 ha which was clear-felled under a project in the 1980's. The present study examined the impact of silvicultural systems on regeneration. The frequency table was used, and relative frequency was calculated for the species and silvicultural system, density per m2 was also calculated. Diversity indices were calculated through taxa, dominance, Simpson's index, Shannon index, evenness, equitability, and fisher alpha. Ten taxa were found in both silvicultural systems, with individual repetition of 17 and 15 taxa, respectively. Group selection is more compact visibly as compared to the single-tree selection system. The single-tree selection system is more diversified in species composition, stand structure, moisture availability, and less humus availability. The study also highlights future predictions for the conservation of these forests, which are highly sensitive and a hotspot for wildlife and climate change phenomena. Silvicultural practices such as silvicultural system, cleaning, weeding, thinning operations are regularly practiced, which can reduce the negative impact on these productive forests. Keywords: diversity, mountain forest, stand structure, species composition, watershed Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 101-112 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/124/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202103-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:124-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noorollah Nazari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: Mohsen Bahmani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: Saleh Kahyani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Author-Name: Miha Humar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Wood Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Effect of site conditions on the properties of hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.) wood Abstract: This study investigated the influence of site conditions on the physical and morphological properties of hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.) wood grown in Zagros forests of Iran. Hawthorn is a valuable woody species in Iran's Zagros forests with data deficiency in its wood properties. To our best knowledge, there is no study on the properties of hawthorn wood. Twenty-seven mature trees were randomly chosen and sampled at three altitude levels (1 800-2 000, 2 000-2 200, and 2 200-2 400 m) in the Bazoft region of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari, Iran. Dry wood density, volumetric shrinkage, fibre length, fibre diameter, cell wall thickness were then determined. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to evaluate significant differences between the mean values of studied wood properties at different altitude levels and slope classes. Moreover, the relationships between the above-mentioned properties and some site conditions (temperature, precipitation, altitude, and slope) as well as growth parameters of trees (tree height, DBH, age, crown dimensions, volume, etc.) were studied by principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that trees growing at the second altitude level had the highest oven-dry density values, and those at the third altitude level had the lowest ones. Results also indicated a significant effect of altitude levels on fibre length, fibre diameter, and cell wall thickness. In contrast, a significant difference was found between the mean values of fibre diameter at different slope classes. PCA indicated that altitude, precipitation, and temperature are the most important environmental site variables affecting the wood characteristics. Keywords: altitude, fibre dimension, Zagros forests, oven-dry density, PCA Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 113-124 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/125/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202103-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:125-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayşe Deligöz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey Author-Name: Esra Bayar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey Author-Name: Musa Genç Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Recreation Management, Faculty of Tourism, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey Author-Name: Yasin Karatepe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey Title: Differences in water relations and total carbohydrate content between precommercially thinned and unthinned Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana stands Abstract: Variations in seasonal responses in water relations and total carbohydrate content (TCC) in one-yearold shoots from precommercially thinned (PCT) and unthinned Anatolian black pine stands were assessed during three seasons (sampling in May, July and September) in 2015-2017. Three different treatments were established: unthinned control with 4 941 stems.ha-1 and two thinned spacing levels (2-2.5 and 3-3.5 m) where 2 133 stems.ha-1 and 1 093 stems.ha-1 were left, respectively. Differences in osmotic potential at turgor loss point (ΨπTLP) between the thinned and unthinned plots appeared only during a water shortage (September) in the second season, with the thinned stands showing lower ΨπTLP than the unthinned stands. Seasonal variation in terms of ΨπTLP was detected in the 3-3.5 m spacing trees. PCT were effective on osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100), relative water content (RWC), symplastic water at saturated point per dry weight of the shoot and dry weight fraction. In both the thinned and unthinned plots, a gradual decline was observed in RWC from May to September in all three years. Generally, although TCC was found to be higher in the 3-3.5 m spacing, control plots were also high in carbohydrates in some periods. Results reflect the ability of this species to survive in changing environments by PCT during dry periods in the three studied seasons. Although PCT has an effect on water potential components and TCC, it is not clear exactly how effective the PCT density is in osmotic adjustment. Keywords: Anatolian black pine, osmotic potential, relative water content, soluble sugar, spacing Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 125-133 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/132/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202103-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:132-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kateřina Houšková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Klepárník Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Engeneering, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Oldřich Mauer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: How to accelerate the germination of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds? Abstract: The aim of the study was to confirm and compare efficiency of methods enhancing the vitality of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds: soaking in water, cold stratification, additional moistening and incubation according to IDS method. The examined parameters included water content in the seeds, germination energy, mean germination time and germination capacity before the seed treatment, after its treatment by the tested methods and after drying. Results show that all the tested methods accelerate germination of seeds; cold stratification is the most efficient and recommended method for Scots pine and soaking of seeds in water is the most efficient and recommended for Norway spruce. The best results in spruce were also obtained with cold stratification (comparable with soaking in water) but the method is complicated, longer-lasting and more costly than soaking in water. Keywords: vitality, water content, germination capacity, germination energy, mean germination time Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 134-142 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/133/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202103-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:133-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maksym Matsala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mensuration and Forest Management, Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Andrii Bilous Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mensuration and Forest Management, Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Roman Feshchenko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mensuration and Forest Management, Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Raisa Matiashuk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Svitlana Bilous Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mensuration and Forest Management, Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Yaroslav Kovbasa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mensuration and Forest Management, Education and Research Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Title: Spatial and compositional structure of European oak urban forests in Kyiv city, Ukraine Abstract: Forest dimensional structure and tree species composition strictly define ecosystem resilience, success of its functioning and development. Spatial structure of forest compartments provides an additional information on the forest stand heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to examine structural patterns (both spatial and nonspatial ones) in European oak (Quercus robur L.) urban forests located in Kyiv city, Ukraine. We compared two middle-aged (~ 80 years) and two mature (~ 180 years) oak stands in terms of structural metrics collecting a data from geo-referenced trees on the established permanent sample plots. Younger stands reached similar tree diameter diversity (9.07 and 10.45 vs. 11.42 and 14.05 of Shannon indices), while the compositional diversity was driven by the dominance of either oak or European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). We have not found any differences in the species mingling and deadwood distribution indices except a clear occurrence pattern for the stand located near roads. Herewith, the largest distance between the plot and park pathways was an indicator of changed spatial variation and tree dimensional differentiation within one middle-aged stand. We hypothesize that human impacts can alter structural development in urban deciduous forests providing both positive (gap formation, deadwood occurrence and ecosystem complexity) and negative (shifts in compositional and successional trajectories) effects on such forest stands. Keywords: deadwood management, biodiversity, tree mingling index, dimensional structure Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 143-153 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/173/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/173/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202103-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:3:id:173-2020-JFS