Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caterina Patrizia Di Franco Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Author-Name: Gianmarco Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Author-Name: Emanuele Schimmenti Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Author-Name: Antonio Asciuto Title: Methodological approaches to the valuation of forest ecosystem services: An overview of recent international research trends Abstract: Forests represent the most important source of ecosystem services (ES) on a global level both for the production of goods and for the provision of services and externalities, nevertheless scientific research in the economic field is lacking. Currently the number of documents relating to ES is 16 673, of which only 1 379 concern the forestry sector. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of scientific research trends in the field of economic evaluation of forest ecosystem services (FES). To this end, an on-line bibliographic survey was carried out on the main scientific search engines, which made it possible to quantify the works and at the same time to detect the main evaluation methods used for the different FES. This survey allowed to collect 93 articles meeting the search criteria: the most active continents were Europe and Asia, whereas most of the articles focused on the joint evaluation of provisioning, regulation and cultural services, even if a good number of them only concerned cultural services. The most widely used valuation methodologies were the contingent valuation among the stated preference techniques and the market price among direct observation criteria. Keywords: international classification, forests, methodologies, monetary, valuation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 307-317 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/13/2021-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2021-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202107-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:13-2021-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrii Bilous Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Viktor Myroniuk Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Viktor Svynchuk Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Oleksandr Soshenskyi Author-Name: Oleksandr Lesnik Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Yaroslav Kovbasa Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Title: Semi-empirical estimation of log taper using stem profile equations Abstract: In January 2019 the forest industry in Ukraine adopted European standards for measuring and grading of round wood based on mid-point diameters, which caused major discrepancies from traditionally used estimates of timber volume using top diameters. To compare methods of merchantable wood volume estimation, we investigated the stem form inside bark for two dominant tree species in Ukraine, i.e. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and common oak (Quercus robur L.). We used tree stem measurements to fit stem profile equations, whereas simulation was applied to derive log taper. We found that Newnham's (1992) variable-exponent taper equation performed well for predicting stem taper for both tree species. Then, we simulated the structure of harvested wood, so that it replicated annual distribution of logs by their length and diameters. As a result, the average log taper was estimated at 0.836 / 0.855 cm.m-1 and 1.180 / 0.121 cm.m-1 for pine and oak, respectively. The study also indicated that log taper varied along stems. The higher rates of diameter decrease were found for butt logs, for which the taper was 2.5-3.5 times higher than its average for the whole stem. The results of our study ensure the stacked round wood volume conversion between estimates obtained using top and mid-point diameters. Keywords: stem profile modelling, log taper, mid-point diameter, top diameter, Scots pine, common oak Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 318-327 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/209/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/209/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202107-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:209-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bahman Kiani Author-Name: Kiyan Yegandoost Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Title: The study of parent-regeneration relationships for wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Hyrcanian forests Abstract: The regeneration of forest trees is affected by the presence, dispersion pattern and specifications of parent trees. These effects were investigated and modelled in hardwood forests in the north of Iran. To do so, at first, fifty plots, each with a total area of 0.1 ha, were identified. Four subplots with a radius of two meters were then stabilized in each plot. The height and the root collar diameter of all the cherry seedlings were measured. Likewise, the diameter, basal area, and distance from the plot centre were appraised in the parent trees. The correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects and to construct the models, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the presence, abundance, mean diameter, and total basal area of parent trees and the presence and abundance of seedlings. The logistic regression showed that the models based on the mean diameter of parent trees and abundance of parent trees could significantly predict the presence of regeneration. Only in 10% of the sample plots was the regeneration recorded without the presence of a parent tree. Due to the small number of established seedlings, while maintaining the existing parent trees, especially large trees, it is necessary to consider the proper management methods to promote and protect their regeneration. We recommend completing the natural regeneration of wild cherry by artificial regeneration and creating well-dimensioned canopy gaps. Keywords: abundance, dispersion pattern, seedling recruitment, topography Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 328-337 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/200/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/200/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202107-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:200-2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessio Cislaghi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont), University of Milan, Brescia, Italy Title: Exploring the variability in elastic properties of roots in Alpine tree species Abstract: Quantifying the soil reinforcement provided by roots is essential for assessing the contribution of forests to reducing shallow landslide susceptibility. Many soil-root models were developed in the literature: from standard single root model to fibre bundle model. The input parameters of all models are the geometry of roots (diameter and length) and the biomechanical properties (maximum tensile force and elastic modulus). This study aims to investigate the elastic properties estimated by the stress-strain curves measured during tensile tests. A standard procedure detected two different moduli of elasticity: one due to the root tortuosity, and the other due to the woody fibres of roots. Based on a large dataset of tensile tests on different Alpine tree species, the relationships between elastic modulus and root diameter was estimated for each series. Further, the interspecific and intraspecific variability in such relationships was investigated by a statistical analysis. The results showed more intraspecific differences in the elastic modulus vs. root diameter relationships compared to the interspecific ones. This outcome could be an important criterion of discrimination to explain the variability of the elastic properties and to provide representative biomechanical properties for specific environmental conditions. Keywords: root reinforcement, elastic modulus, biomechanical properties, protection of forests Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 338-356 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/4/2021-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2021-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202107-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:4-2021-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sezgin Ayan Author-Workplace-Name: Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Author-Name: Dani Sarsekova Author-Workplace-Name: S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Faculty of Agronomy, Forest Resources and Forestry, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Gani Kenesaryuly Author-Workplace-Name: S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Faculty of Agronomy, Forest Resources and Forestry, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Ergin Yilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Sustainable Forestry Doctoral Programme, Institute of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Author-Name: Orhan Gülseven Author-Workplace-Name: Sustainable Forestry Doctoral Programme, Institute of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Author-Name: Ilknur Şahin Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Natural Turism Specialization Coordinatorship, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Title: Accumulation of heavy metal pollution caused by traffic in forest trees in the park of Kerey and Janibek Khans of the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Abstract: Air quality in Nur-Sultan, the fast-growing new capital city of Kazakhstan, has been poorly investigated. This research was carried in Kerey and Janibek Khans Park in Nur-Sultan, the capital city of Kazakhstan, which is affected by "different traffic density" on the roads. Three different categories of contamination (i) high pollution (distance from the main road 10-15 m), (ii) moderate pollution (distance from the side road 15-30 m), and (iii) low pollution (distance from the source of contamination 30-80 m) at different levels resulting from urban transportation were examined. The aim of the study is to determine the pollution accumulation amounts of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn in five different tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.,), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Significant differences in Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn accumulation amounts were determined between three different parts of the park exposed to different levels of contamination. Approximately twice higher Ni, 2.3 times Cd, 3.3 times Pb, 2.7 times Co, 1.6 times Zn accumulation were determined in the area exposed to high pollution than in the parts of the park exposed to low pollution. Cd deposition in the area exposed to high contamination was higher in silver birch than in Scots pine and Norway spruce, while Cr and Co deposition values were higher in Norway spruce than in birch and Scots pine. Keywords: anthropogenic emission, contamination, heavy metals, Norway spruce, Scots pine Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 357-366 Volume: 67 Issue: 7 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/37/2021-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/37/2021-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-202107-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:67:y:2021:i:7:id:37-2021-JFS