Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piero Attilio Bianco Author-Name: Alberto Alma Author-Name: Paola Casati Author-Name: Giorgo Scattini Author-Name: Alessandra Arzone Title: Transmission of 16SrV phytoplasmas by Scaphoi-deus titanus Ball in northern Italy Abstract: Flavescence dorée (FD) has been defined as the disease that is caused by a phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrV (elm yellows) and transmitted to plants by the insect Scaphoideus titanus Ball. We investigated transmission of FD agent by S. titanus in a vineyard located in Veneto region to determine which phytoplasma(s) may be transmitted in this region. Group 16SrV-C phytoplasma was detected and identified in field-collected S. titanus adults, in plant of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay) and broadbean (Vicia faba cv. Arlŕ) that had been fed upon by the insects. No evidence of experimental transmission of phytoplasma belonging to 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma by S. titanus has been observed. Keywords: Flavescence dorée, grapevine yellows, Scaphoideus titanus, transmission, PCR Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 49-56 Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/8365-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8365-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:37:y:2001:i:2:id:8365-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blanka Pekárová Author-Name: Jiřina Krátká Author-Name: Jakub Slováček Title: Utilization of immunochemical methods to detect Phytophthora fraga-riae - a quarantine pathogen of strawberry Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies anti-PfP IgG and anti-PfM IgG and monoclonal antibody MAb29 were prepared to detect a quarantine pathogen of strawberry, Phytophthora fragariae. Laboratory rabbits and mice were immunized using purified and unpurified protein extracts from the mycelial mass of the pathogen. All prepared antibodies were genus-specific, therefore Phytophthora cactorum was also detected. Except for Pythium ultimum, the antibodies did not cross-react with other pathogenic fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium sp., Verticillium albo-atrum. PTA-ELISA was used to test the antibodies. P. fragariae was detected in artificially infected strawberries (cultivars Elsanta, Kama and Vanda) by means of PTA-ELISA, immunoprinting and dot blot. Detection of the pathogen was optimal in undamaged roots or roots with necrotic tips only. At a later stage of infection, when whole roots were necrotic, the crown was more suitable for successful detection. To detect P. fragariae at the early stages of infection it is recommended to use at least two of the three mentioned immunotechniques. Keywords: Phytophthora fragariae, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, PTA-ELISA, immunoprinting, dot blot, strawberry Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 57-65 Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/8366-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8366-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:37:y:2001:i:2:id:8366-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Váňová Author-Name: Ludvík Tvarůžek Author-Name: Hana Hrabalová Title: Reaction of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum in field infection trials and the efficacy of fungicides Abstract: Fifteen winter wheat varieties were tested for their reaction to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in the ear in 1996, 1998 and 1999. To ensure a sufficient level of infection in the field the varieties were artificially inoculated with spores of the two species at a ratio of 1:1. The infection was evaluated using a 10-score scale at three times: first at the milk stage (BBCH 71-75), i.e. about 14 days after inoculation; two further readings were taken at 7-day intervals. The data were used to calculate the average infection for each variety at each reading, and were statistically evaluated. The parameter "area under disease progress curve" (AUDPC) was also calculated. Significant differences between varieties were found in all investigated years. On the average of the 3 years, the variety Ebi showed the lowest infection. Other varieties with significantly low infection were Estica and Atlet. The variety with the highest infection was Bruneta, followed by Samanta, Saskia and Samara. The degree of infection was considerably influenced by weather conditions in the year. A lower infection was observed in 1996 when rainfall in the period from 1st to 20th June was below normal, while rainfalls in 1998 and 1999 were higher in this period. The efficacy of fungicides was assessed in the highly susceptible variety Bruneta. All tested preparations significantly decreased the degree of infection in comparison with the untreated control. In 1998 the efficacy of fungicides was rather low (from 15.51 to 37.55%), while in 1999 it was higher (from 36.74 to 58.20%). In both years the preparation Folicur BT was most efficacious. Keywords: winter wheat, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, resistance of cultivars, efficacy of fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 66-73 Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/8367-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8367-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:37:y:2001:i:2:id:8367-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. A. El-Bramawy Author-Name: Karel Veverka Author-Name: Slavoj Vaverka Author-Name: M. S. El-Shazly Author-Name: M. A. El-Sattar Author-Name: M. A. El-Ashary Author-Name: S. E. Ammar Title: Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami in hybrid lines of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under greenhouse conditions Abstract: Thirty-six samples of sesame (15 F1 and 15 F2 generations and their 6 parents) were evaluated for their reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (Zaprometoff) Castellani after artificial inoculation in greenhouse tests. The experimental soil was analysed mechanically and microbiologically. Reactions of the plants were recorded on a scale from 0 = no visible infection (immune) up to 6 = 70% infected plants (highly susceptible). Highly significant differences of susceptibility and resistance to the wilt pathogen were observed among hybrids and their parents. The level of infection in the parental generation varied from 2.22 to 63.77% (mean at 33.74%), in the F1 from 13.46 to 73.78% (mean at 32.09%), and in the F2 populations from 0.71 to 59.4.5% No population was immune. Nine lines of the F1 were classified as resistant (R) and three of them had the same rank in the F2. Only one parent (P3) and three lines from the F2 (13, 9 and 12) showed infection below 10% and were identified as highly resistant (HR) by infection rates of 2.22%, 0.71%, 6.08% and 9.57%, respectively. They can thus be considered as promising parents for breeding programs. Keywords: sesame, Fusarium wilt, wilt resistance, disease resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-79 Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/8368-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8368-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:37:y:2001:i:2:id:8368-PPS