Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Special Issue - DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANT PATHOLOGY, 6th Conference of European Foundation for Plant Pathology, Prague, Czech Republic, 8-14 September 2002Fist part Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S0 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10620-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10620-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10620-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kůdela Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Plant pathology in the Czech Republic Abstract: An outline of past achievements in plant pathology in the CR and main recent problems of Czech plant pathologists are given. A description of the present state in plant pathology in the CR is preceded by data on the structure of CR, on its agriculture, research and development. The outstanding feature of the Czech agriculture is large-scale production. However, the CR still lags behind the EU in yields per hectare. Compared with the EU member states, the CR devotes less money (less then 0.7% of GDP) to research and development (R&D). The trend of state subsidies to R&D in the agriculture sector in current prices is stagnant. It represents an actual decline in the fixed prices. In the Czech Republic, approximately six hundreds persons are professionally engaged in plant health. It represents 6 professionals per 100 hundreds citizens in the CR. Around 160 persons deal with the research and/or teaching of plant pathology. Public service in the field of plant health (advisory work, extension or outreach activities) is one of the weak links in the system of plant health care in the CR. The reason is the lack of commitment for this field of plant health care activity together with absence of sufficient financial support. Minimum requirements for education should be set on advisors and provider of services in the field of plant health at the EU level. In the CR, there exists still some gap in scientific expertise of nematology and integrated pest management. The Czech Lands are proud of the role of some Bohemian and Moravian scientists who have been prominent in the development of plant pathology and related disciplines. These include: AUGUSTUS CARL JOSEPH CORDA and FRANTIŠEK BUBÁK in mycology, GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL in genetics, FRANTIŠEK KRÁL in bacteriology, BOHUMIL NĚMEC and EDUARD BAUDYŠ in plant pathology. Keywords: Czech agriculture, R& D in the CR, the present state and the past of plant pathology in the Czech Lands, prominent Bohemian and Moravian scientists in plant pathology and related disciplines Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S1-S8 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10309-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10309-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10309-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hamill Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Science, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5PX Northern Ireland, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 28 9025 5254, Fax: +44 28 9066 8372, E-mail: j.a.hamill@qub.ac.uk Author-Name: C. Selby Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Science, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5PX Northern Ireland, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 28 9025 5254, Fax: +44 28 9066 8372, E-mail: j.a.hamill@qub.ac.uk Author-Name: L.R. Cooke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Plant Science, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5PX Northern Ireland, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 28 9025 5254, Fax: +44 28 9066 8372, E-mail: j.a.hamill@qub.ac.uk Title: Serine proteases in the extracellular preparations of Phytophthora infestans: does their presence relate to the aggressiveness of the pathogen? Abstract: In this study the aggressiveness of nine isolates of P. infestans was determined using detached leaflets from cultivars Bintje and Stirling. The growth of the isolates on the leaflets was recorded on a daily basis, for seven days, and an assessment of their aggressiveness could then be made. Extracellular preparations (ECPs) from the zoospore suspension of each isolate were used as a source of proteolytic activity. The ECPs were found to contain a level of serine protease activity using BTEE (N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosine Ethyl Ester) as a substrate and recording the absorbance at 256 nm. The possible relationship between the serine protease activity and the aggressiveness of the isolate is discussed. Keywords: Phytophthora infestans, aggressiveness, serine protease Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S102-S103 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10329-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10329-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10329-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.N. Erokhina Author-Name: R.A. Zinovkin Author-Name: D.-E. Lesemann Author-Name: W. Jelkmann Author-Name: A.A. Agranovsky Title: Ultrastructural localization and epitope mapping of Beet yellows closterovirus replicative proteins Abstract: A total of 19 Iranian native barley cultivars were in artificial infection experiments tested for resistance against isolate19 of the leaf stripe fungs, Pyrenophora graminea. The cultivar Eram was immune against isolate 19 and the cultivarsJonob, Makoy, C2, showed high resistance with less than 6% plant infected, the cultivars Zarjo, Valfajr, Reyhan, Karun,Karun × Kavir were the most susceptible cultivars. Keywords: barley stripe, Pyrenophora graminea, resistance, Hordeum vulgare Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S104-S107 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10330-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10330-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10330-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Paape Author-Workplace-Name: Universität Rostock, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Biochemie, D-18059 Rostock, Germany Author-Name: S. Nell Author-Workplace-Name: Universität Rostock, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Biochemie, D-18059 Rostock, Germany Author-Name: S. Von Bargen Author-Workplace-Name: Universität Rostock, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Biochemie, D-18059 Rostock, Germany Author-Name: J.-W. Kellmann Author-Workplace-Name: Universität Rostock, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Biochemie, D-18059 Rostock, Germany Title: Identification and characterization of host proteins interacting with NSm, the Tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein Abstract: To search for host proteins involved in systemic spreading of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the virus-encoded NSm movement protein has been utilized as a bait in yeast two-hybrid interaction trap assays. J-domain chaperones from different host species and a protein denominated At-4/1 from Arabidopsis thaliana showing homologies to myosins and kinesins were identified as NSm-interacting partners. In this communication we illustrate that following TSWV infection, J-domain proteins accumulated in systemically infected leaves of A. thaliana, whereas At-4/1 was constitutively detected in leaves of A. thaliana and Nicotiana rustica. Keywords: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana rustica, movement protein, J-domain protein, yeast two-hybrid system Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S108-S111 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10331-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10331-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10331-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Decroocq Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Centre de Bordeaux, IBVM - UMR GDPP/Virology and U.R.E.F.V., 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France * Tel.: +33 5 571 223 83, Fax: +33 5 571 223 84, E-mail: decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr Author-Name: V. Schurdi-Levraud Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Centre de Bordeaux, IBVM - UMR GDPP/Virology and U.R.E.F.V., 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France * Tel.: +33 5 571 223 83, Fax: +33 5 571 223 84, E-mail: decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr Author-Name: D. Wawrzyńczak Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Centre de Bordeaux, IBVM - UMR GDPP/Virology and U.R.E.F.V., 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France * Tel.: +33 5 571 223 83, Fax: +33 5 571 223 84, E-mail: decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr Author-Name: J.P. Eyquard Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Centre de Bordeaux, IBVM - UMR GDPP/Virology and U.R.E.F.V., 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France * Tel.: +33 5 571 223 83, Fax: +33 5 571 223 84, E-mail: decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr Author-Name: M. Lansac Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Centre de Bordeaux, IBVM - UMR GDPP/Virology and U.R.E.F.V., 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France * Tel.: +33 5 571 223 83, Fax: +33 5 571 223 84, E-mail: decroocq@bordeaux.inra.fr Title: Transcript imaging and candidate gene strategy for the characterisation of Prunus/PPV interactions Abstract: Plum pox virus (PPV), the causing agent of the sharka disease, belongs to the genus Potyvirus that contains the largest number of virus species infecting plants. The virus genome has been extensively characterised and sequenced. However, few data are available on its interactions with the host plant, Prunus. In this study, we are focusing on the cloning and characterisation of any candidate genes involved in the expression of the resistance/susceptibility trait and any polymorphic genes putatively involved in the trait variation. In order to clone candidate genes, two main approaches are currently developed: the homology cloning of genes presumed to affect the resistance/susceptibility trait and the differential screening of cDNA pools corresponding to infected and non-infected plant material. The second approach is based on the transcript imaging of the host plant response to PPV infection. Previously, it has been shown that infection by a potyvirus is associated with specific changes in host gene expression, mainly down-regulation, while the expression of some genes remained unchanged. Thereby, in the differential display approach combined to further characterisation of candidate gene expression, we aim to monitor host gene expression in response to the virus and to describe a highly regulated interaction between the Prunus host plant and the infecting Plum pox virus. Keywords: Plum pox virus (PPV), sharka disease, Prunus, genetic resistance, tolerance, cDNA-AFLP, candidate gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S112-S116 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10332-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10332-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10332-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.N. Zhebentyayeva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634 USA Author-Name: G.L. Reighard Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634 USA Author-Name: B. Krška Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634 USA Author-Name: V.M. Gorina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634 USA Author-Name: A.G. Abbott Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634 USA Title: Origin of resistance to Plum pox virus in apricot: microsatellite (Ssr) data analysis Abstract: The objective of this study was to establish the genetic relationship among cultivars commonly used as donors for resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) in order to identify the putative sources of resistance to PPV. The plant material tested represented the European, Central Asian and Chinese ecogeographical groups of cultivated apricots as well as the wild Dzhungar-Zailij population of Prunus armeniaca L. Forty-eight native accessions as well as the resistant (or tolerant) cultivars Harlayne, Stark Early Orange (SEO), Goldrich, Vestar and two hybrid forms Vestar × SEO (LE 3276) and Velkopavlovická × SEO (LE 2904) were screened by means of SSR analysis. To elucidate genetic relationships among apricot germplasm, a dendrogram was produced using neighbor joining (NJ) analysis of Nei's pair-wise genetic distances over 14 polymorphic SSR markers. On the dendrogram, resistant cultivars were separated into two different clusters suggesting two different sources of resistance to PPV. As was expected from pedigrees, SEO, Vestar, LE 2904 and LE 3276 were grouped together in a cluster adjacent to the European cultivars. Resistant cultivars Harlayne and Goldrich were within another group containing Central Asian apricots and Dzhungar-Zailij form. Keywords: sharka, Prunus armeniaca, microsatellite markers, genetic similarity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S117-S121 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10333-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10333-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10333-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Cohen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel Title: Systemic induced resistance Abstract: Biotic and abiotic agents may induce resistance in plants against pathogens. Abiotic agents may be synthetic or natural. The natural, non-protein amino acid BABA (DL-β-aminobutyric acid) induces systemic resistance in crop plants against pathogens. Dry, killed mycelia of Penicillium chrysogenum (DM) induces local resistance in plants against soil-borne pathogens. The activity of BABA and DM are described here in detail. Both products were shown to effectively control plant disease in nature. Keywords: systemic induced resistance, local induced resistance, immunization, disease control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S122-S125 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10334-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10334-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10334-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.P. Paulin Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Author-Name: R. Chartier Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Author-Name: M. Tharaud Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Author-Name: C. Heintz Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Author-Name: V. Karniewicz Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Author-Name: M.N. Brisset Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA, Centre d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France * Tel. +33 2 4122 5700, Fax: +33 2 4122 5705, E-mail: paulin@angers.inra.fr Title: Induction of resistance to fire blight in apple (Erwinia amylovora) Abstract: Apple genotypes show different levels of resistance to fire blight caused by the bacterium E. amylovora. This resistance is considered to be polygenic, thus relying on a number of defense mechanisms. On the assumption that in susceptible genotypes these defenses may be present but not activated during the infection process, we attempted their induction by various abiotic and biotic elicitors. Two kinds of experiments were performed in the greenhouse and in the orchard: i) evaluation after controlled inoculation of the level of protection conferred to the plant by each elicitor and ii) investigation of various defense responses potentially involved in the protection. Results showed that some elicitors provided a level of overall protection of about 50% in the orchard while higher levels may be obtained on seedlings in the greenhouse. The comparison of some defense responses in protected and unprotected treated plants showed that i) elicitation of defense is not necessarily associated with control of fire blight and that ii) some responses at least may be associated with the observed protection. Keywords: defense inducers, bacterial diseases, control, resistance mechanisms Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S126-S127 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10335-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10335-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10335-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.H. Attitalla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden * Tel.: +46 18 471 2414, Fax: +46 18 471 6404, E-mail: idress.attitalla@ebc.uu.se Author-Name: S. Brishammar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden * Tel.: +46 18 471 2414, Fax: +46 18 471 6404, E-mail: idress.attitalla@ebc.uu.se Title: Oxalic-acid elicited resistance to Fusarium wilt in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Abstract: Systemic induced resistance (SIR) in a plant enhances disease resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Under climate chamber conditions, oxalic acid's ability to elicit SIR in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) against wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) was tested with a susceptible cultivar (Danish Export). Oxalic acid (OA) was sprayed onto the green part of the tomato plants, at concentrations 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM. Two days later, each plant was challenged with 10 ml of Fol suspension (106 conidia/ml) inoculated into the soil around the root system. After inoculation, disease incidence (DI) was quantified visually to assess SIR expression. OA-induced resistance (concentration-dependent) by otherwise susceptible tomato plants was obtained. Keywords: oxalic acid, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., systemic induced resistance, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S128-S131 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10336-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10336-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10336-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.P.T. Valkonen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland Title: Mechanisms of resistance to viruses Abstract: Resistance associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) and subsequent development of necrotic lesions (cell death) at the sites of virus infection can restrict virus movement in plants. Genes for HR are dominant and act on a gene-for-gene basis. Many viral proteins triggering HR have been identified. Also, several genes for HR-based virus resistance, or virus-induced cell death without resistance, have been isolated and characterized in plants, which provides novel insights to the mechanisms of virus resistance. Another international, major research frontier has formed more recently around RNA silencing, a universal RNA surveillance system and inducible virus defence mechanism in multicellular organisms. Many viral proteins interfere with different phases of RNA silencing. The data provide novel insights to break-down of resistance in mixed virus infections (viral synergism), resistance to virus movement, and recovery of plants from virus infection. Keywords: virus resistance, gene-for-gene interaction, RNA silencing Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S132-S135 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10337-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10337-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10337-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hermanns Author-Workplace-Name: Institut Bio III (Pflanzenphysiologie), RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany * Tel.: +49 241 8 025 812, Fax: +49 241 8 022 181, E-mail: schlaich@bio3.rwth-aachen.de Author-Name: A.J. Slusarenko Author-Workplace-Name: Institut Bio III (Pflanzenphysiologie), RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany * Tel.: +49 241 8 025 812, Fax: +49 241 8 022 181, E-mail: schlaich@bio3.rwth-aachen.de Author-Name: L.N.L. Schlaich Author-Workplace-Name: Institut Bio III (Pflanzenphysiologie), RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany * Tel.: +49 241 8 025 812, Fax: +49 241 8 022 181, E-mail: schlaich@bio3.rwth-aachen.de Title: Lack of active defence responses revealed in a soil-free Arabidopsis/Peronospora sterile co-cultivation system Abstract: The molecular basis of organ specificity in plant diseases is little characterised. Downy mildew of Arabidopsis caused by the oomycete Peronospora parasitica is characteristically a leaf disease. Resistant host genotypes recognise the pathogen in a gene-for-gene dependent manner and respond with the production of H2O2 and the execution of a genetically programmed hypersensitive cell death (HR). We inoculated the roots of Arabidopsis genotypes Col-0, Ws-0 and Wei-0 with the NOCO and WELA races of the pathogen and compared the responses with those observed in infected leaves. Combinations of incompatible genotypes of host and pathogen showed the expected responses of an oxidative burst and the HR in leaves but, surprisingly, roots showed no signs of active defence and appeared completely susceptible to all the P. parasitica isolates tested. RT-PCR showed that the R genes RPP1 and RPP13, which mediate resistance in leaves to P. parasitica isolates NOCO and WELA, respectively, were expressed in leaves as well as in roots. Similarly, NDR1 and EDS1, two components of RPP1-mediated gene signalling pathways, are also expressed in both tissues. Thus, we show for the first time that expression of R genes and at least some of the known downstream components of the signalling cascade are not sufficient for the induction of avirulence gene-mediated defence mechanisms. Keywords: defence, physiology, roots, Arabidopsis, Peronospora Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S136-S138 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10338-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10338-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10338-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.N. Brisset Author-Workplace-Name: *UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA and Author-Name: J.S. Venisse Author-Workplace-Name: *UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA and Author-Name: J.P. Paulin Author-Workplace-Name: *UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA/INH/UA and Title: Molecular defense responses of apple genotypes in compatible and incompatible interactions with Erwinia amylovora Abstract: Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a bacterial disease of apple and pear. Pathogenicity determinants of the bacteria are identified (hrp-dsp cluster, capsule, siderophore) but molecular mechanisms leading to susceptibility or resistance of the plant are not yet understood. To address this question, we challenged two genotypes of apple, known for their contrasting susceptibility to fire blight, with a wild-type strain of E. amylovora (Ea wt), an avirulent hrp mutant of this bacteria (Ea hrp) or a wild-type strain of the incompatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst wt). Mechanisms usually related to resistance responses were investigated i.e. oxidative stress, accumulation of PR-proteins and induction of genes encoding various enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Results showed two kinds of responses (i) some mechanisms were elicited in both susceptible and resistant genotypes by Ea wt and Pst wt with similar kinetics and not induced by Ea hrp, (ii) others were specifically repressed by Ea wt in its susceptible host, when induced by Pst wt and Ea hrp. These results suggest several hypothesis about the cross-talk between E. amylovora and its host plants. Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, defense, compatibility, incompatibility, hrp mutant Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S139-S140 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10339-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10339-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10339-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Author-Name: B. Mieslerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Author-Name: L. Luhová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Author-Name: K. Mlíčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Title: Resistance mechanisms in Lycopersicon spp. to tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) Abstract: Limited information on the resistance mechanisms in Lycopersicon spp. to Oidium neolycopersici is still available. Macroscopically the resistance is characterized by a very low amount of mycelium development and a lack of sporulation. The leaf surface did not effectively inhibite conidium germination, however significant differences in germ tube and appressorium development were recorded. A large variation was observed in host tissue response. The prevailing resistance mechanism was hypersensitivity (HR). Considerable changes of peroxidase and catalase activities during pathogenesis were detected among tested wild Lycopersicon spp. There was positive correlation between increasing of peroxidase activity and extent of necrosis. Histochemistry showed large differences in production of superoxid ions, H2O2 and peroxidase in Lycopersicon spp. with various level of resistance. Keywords: Oidium neolycopersici, Lycopersicon spp., resistance mechanisms, hypersensitive response, peroxidase, catalase, reactive oxygen species Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S141-S144 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10340-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10340-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10340-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.J. Burdon Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO - Plant Industry, Centre of Plant Biodiversity Research, ATC 2601Canberra, Australia * Tel.: +61 2 62 465 546, Fax: +61 2 62 465 000, E-mail: jeremy.burdon@csiro.au Author-Name: P.H. Thrall Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO - Plant Industry, Centre of Plant Biodiversity Research, ATC 2601Canberra, Australia * Tel.: +61 2 62 465 546, Fax: +61 2 62 465 000, E-mail: jeremy.burdon@csiro.au Title: Resistance variation in natural plant populations Abstract: The general outcomes of long-term trajectories of coevolutionary interactions between specific hosts and pathogens areset by the interaction of their life histories. However, within those outcomes the speed of co-evolutionary responses andthe extent of their expression in the resistance/virulence structure of wild plant and pathogen populations respectively,are highly variable characters changing from place-to-place and time-to-time as a result of the interaction of host andpathogen with the physical environment. As a consequence, understanding of the role of diseases in the evolution of theirhosts requires approaches that simultaneously deal with host and pathogen structures over multiple populations within ametapopulation framework. Keywords: metapopulation, life-history characters, virulence, resistance, gene-for-gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S145-S150 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10342-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10342-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0015.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10342-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.P. Martelli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection and Applied Microbiology, University of Bari, and Plant Virology Institute of CNR, Bari Section, 165/A Bari, Italy Title: A critical appraisal of non conventional resistance to plant viruses Abstract: Among natural resistance mechanisms to plant pathogens, cultivar resistance has been extensively used in plant breeding to introduce what can be defined as "conventional" resistance to a number of them, including viruses. The necessity of overcoming the constraints of genetic incompatibility, so as to widen the range of possibile use of genetic control of infectious agents, has propitiated the utilization of biotechnological procedures, whereby "non conventional" or transgenic resistance was developed. Transgenic resistance to plant viruses encompasses the identification, cloning and tranferring into the recipient host of single viral genes, which gives rise to what is known as "pathogen-derived resistance" (PDR). Of the hypothesized mechanisms underlying expression of PDR, post-transcriptional gene silencing has been most extensively investigated in recent years. Despite of the success that virus-resistant cropping of transgenic plants begins to enjoy, in Europe there is still a widespread sentiment against agricultural biotechnologies and the use of genetically modified plants in particular. Yet, experimental evidence is accumulating that, in the case of PDR, the feared risks associated with genetic trasformation are minimal, if not negligible Keywords: genetic engineering, transgenic resistance, biotechnology, virus, gene silencing Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S15-S20 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10311-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10311-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0016.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10311-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.B. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 178 9 470 382, Fax: +44 178 9 470 552, E-mail: eric.holub@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: M. Tör Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 178 9 470 382, Fax: +44 178 9 470 552, E-mail: eric.holub@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: A. Cooper Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 178 9 470 382, Fax: +44 178 9 470 552, E-mail: eric.holub@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: P. Gordon Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 178 9 470 382, Fax: +44 178 9 470 552, E-mail: eric.holub@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: N. Gunn Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 178 9 470 382, Fax: +44 178 9 470 552, E-mail: eric.holub@hri.ac.uk Title: Genetics of disease resistance in Arabidopsis to crop pathogens Abstract: Arabidopsis is universally resistant as a species to many crop pathogens, including examples from other crucifers suchas Albugo candida and Hyaloperonospora parasitica from Brassica oleracea. This species level trait could potentiallyprovide a source of durable disease resistance in crops if examples can be found which are amenable to molecular geneticcharacterization. Our research has developed from the observation that null mutation in Arabidopsis of a defense regulatorygene EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility) is susceptible to isolates of A. candida and H. parasitica from brassica.EDS1 is required by a major structural class of R-genes to confer resistance in Arabidopsis. We have therefore focusedon identifying R-genes in Arabidopsis that are responsible for conferring resistance to brassica pathogens. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica oleracea, Albugo, white rust, Hyaloperonospora, downy mildew, species leveldisease resistance, non-host resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S151-S154 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10341-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10341-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0017.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10341-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.E. Jenner Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: F. Sánchez Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: K. Tomimura Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: K. Ohshima Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: F. Ponz Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: J.A. Walsh Author-Workplace-Name: *Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Title: Turnip mosaic virus determinants of virulence for Brassica napus resistance genes Abstract: Dominant resistance genes identified in Brassica napus lines are effective against some, but not all, Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) isolates. An infectious clone of an isolate (UK 1) was used as the basis of chimeric virus constructions usingresistance-breaking mutants and other isolates to identify the virulence determinants for three dominant resistance genes.For the resistance gene TuRB01, the presence of either of two mutations affecting the cylindrical inclusion (CI) proteinconverted the avirulent UK 1 to a virulent isolate. Acquisition of such mutations had a slight cost to viral fitness inplants lacking the resistance gene. A similar strategy is being used to identify the virulence determinants for two moreresistance genes present in another B. napus line. Keywords: Turnip mosaic virus, Brassica napus, resistance genes, pathogenicity determinants Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S155-S157 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10343-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10343-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0018.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10343-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Marbot Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: J. Kummert Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: M. Salmon Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: M. Vendrame Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: A. Huwaert Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: O. Dutrecq Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: P. Lepoivre Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux (FUSAGx), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 431, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: roussel.s@fsagx.ac.be Title: Development of RT-PCR tests for the routine detection of latent and ILAR viruses in fruit trees Abstract: The detection throughout the year of latent and ILAR viruses in fruit trees by classical serological tests appears to be unreliable. Recently, these problems have smoothed themselves out by the use of molecular methods. We have developed RT-PCR protocols which are simple and reliable for routine detection of these viruses throughout the year. Keywords: ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV, PDV, PNRSV, ApMV, fruit trees, RT-PCR, RT-PCR-ELOSA, Minor Groove Binder-DNA probe Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S21-S23 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10312-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10312-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0019.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10312-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Vašková Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Špak Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Improved diagnostic tools for the certification of strawberry propagation material - the use of PCR and NASBA for detection of Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) Abstract: Control of SVBV relies completely on the use of virus-free planting material, that can be tested either by biological indexing or by molecular methods. A NASBA-based amplification was developed for the detection of SVBV. NASBA is a method based on the primer-dependent, specific amplification of RNA by concurrent activity of a special enzyme mix (AMV-reverse transcriptase, RNaseH, T7 RNA polymerase) at a single temperature (41°C). Specific and sensitive detection of the amplified sequence can be performed in the same tube using molecular beacons. Sensitivity of SVBV-NASBA was 102 molecules of in vitro RNA detected per reaction. Results of the NASBA-based detection of SVBV in indicator strawberry plants were well comparable to the results of PCR. Keywords: Strawberry vein banding virus, SVBV, Caulimovirus, Fragaria spp., nucleic acid sequence based amplification, NASBA, molecular beacon Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S24-S27 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10313-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10313-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0020.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10313-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Šeruga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Škorić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Botti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Paltrinieri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: N. Juretić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: A. Bertaccini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia Title: Molecular identification of a phytoplasma naturally infecting Populus nigra L. cv. Italica trees in Croatia Abstract: Leaf and branch samples of 10 Populus nigra L. cv. Italica trees were collected from the urban Zagreb area in late summer/autumn 2001. One of the trees exhibited leaf yellowing, overall sparse foliage, stunting and decline. Phytoplasma 16S rDNA was amplified in direct and nested PCR assays using universal and specific phytoplasma primer pairs, from nucleic acids extracted by two different procedures. Strong amplification signals were observed in samples from symptomatic Lombardy poplar as well as in samples from 4 of the asymptomatic trees. RFLP analyses of amplicons showed patterns characteristic of the phytoplasmas belonging to the Aster yellows group (16SrI). This is the first report of a phytoplasma naturally infecting poplar in Croatia. Keywords: aster yellows phytoplasma, lombardy poplar, PCR, RFLP, 16S rDNA Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S28-S30 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10314-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10314-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0021.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10314-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lochman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Author-Name: O. Šerý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Author-Name: L. Jankovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Author-Name: V. Mikes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Title: Discrimination of Czech Armillaria species based on PCR method and high performance liquid chromatography Abstract: The genus Armillaria belongs to basidiomycetes and has been known to induce root rot disease and to cause extensive economic losses to a forest crop. We analysed about 40 isolates of Armillaria collected in Czech Republic by PCR and restriction analysis using gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange HPLC. Restrictase Hinf I was able to discriminate all investigated Armillaria species. The sensitivity and resolution of HPLC method was better than that performed by gel electrophoresis. HPLC was able to detect some heterozygous. The results prove the similarity of the species A. borealis, A. cepistipes, A. gallica, A. ostoyae in difference of A. mellea and A. tabescens. Keywords: Armillaria, PCR, forest pathogen, basidiomycete, root rot disease Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S31-S34 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10316-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10316-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10316-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.P. Busogoro Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 434, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: busogoro.jp@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: O. Duterme Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 434, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: busogoro.jp@fsagx.ac.be Author-Name: P. Lepoivre Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Unit, Agricultural University of Gembloux, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium * Tel.: +32 81 622 434, Fax: +32 81 610 126, E-mail: busogoro.jp@fsagx.ac.be Title: Development of microsatellite markers for the characterisation of Phaeoisariopsis griseola (bean angular leaf spot agent) populations in Central America Abstract: Although several researches revealed an important diversity within Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the bean angular leaf spot (ALS) agent, no sexual recombination was already detected for this fungus. That apparent contradiction gave rise to the interest to develop codominant markers in order of a more precise analysis of the pathogen populations. Microsatellites were expected to allow characterising P. griseola populations in terms of allele frequencies. A genomic library was constructed by ligating DNA fragments, previously prepared by enzymatic restriction of total DNA of two pathogen strains, into a pZERO plasmid. After transformation of TOP 10F' strains of E. coli with the recombinant plasmid, a total of 448 colonies were selected for zeocin resistance. The probe mixture [(GT)15, (GA)15, (GATA)8, (GTG)10], previously labelled with 32P, was used to screen the genomic library for the presence of microsatellite sequences. The vector DNA was then extracted from the positive colonies and sequenced. Based on the sequences, a first group of 10 microsatellite loci was identified and the corresponding primers designed. A size analysis using an ALF express system exhibited 3 polymophic microsatellites among a total of 4 loci already considered. The identification of other polymorphic microsatellites is continuing before a large scale analysis of our pathogen collection by using this new molecular tool developed for P. griseola. Keywords: angular leaf spot, Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Phaseolus vulgaris, microsatellite Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S35-S37 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10315-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10315-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10315-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Kennedy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel. +44 1789 470 385, Fax +44 1789 470 552, E-mail: roy.kennedy@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: A.J. Wakeham Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel. +44 1789 470 385, Fax +44 1789 470 552, E-mail: roy.kennedy@hri.ac.uk Title: New methods for detecting and enumerating fungal spores of plant pathogens Abstract: Information on the presence or absence of airborne spores or other particles would be useful in an increasing number of areas including agriculture. Traditional methods used for detecting and enumerating of airborne spores of fungal plant pathogens are time consuming and require specialist knowledge. Some spore types (e.g. ascospores) are difficult to differentiate using these methods. To facilitate this, new methods, which can be used to accurately differentiate fungal spore types, are required. A Burkard 7-day volumetric spore trap used in combination with an immunofluorescence test has been developed to detect and quantify field-trapped ascosporic inoculum of Mycosphaerella brassicicola (the ringspot pathogen of brassicas). This test has also been found useful in the validation of more rapid user-friendly immunoassay based trapping procedures. A microtiter immunospore trapping device, which uses a suction system to directly trap air-particulates by impaction into microtiter wells, has been used successfully for the rapid detection and quantification of ascosporic inoculum of M. brassicicola. The system shows potential for the rapid field-detection of airborne ascosporic inoculum of the ringspot pathogen. Keywords: Mycosphaerella brassicicola, ringspot, ascospores, detection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S38-S42 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10317-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10317-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10317-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Schubert Author-Workplace-Name: *Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants - Institute of Resistance Research and Pathogen Diagnostics and Author-Name: A. HABEKUß Author-Workplace-Name: *Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants - Institute of Resistance Research and Pathogen Diagnostics and Author-Name: F. Rabenstein Author-Workplace-Name: *Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants - Institute of Resistance Research and Pathogen Diagnostics and Title: Investigation of differences between wheat and barley forms of Wheat dwarf virus and their distribution in host plants Abstract: Wheat dwarf virus, a monogemini virus, infects several cereal species. Until now complete sequence data have been published only for wheat isolates. We cloned the complete DNA of 21 isolates from wheat, barley and Lolium spec. and compared the sequences with published data. Two types of the virus were found as previously described. Degree of entire nucleic acid homology between both isolates was in the range of 84%. The Large Intergenic Region showed most pronounced differences while the RepA gene was most conserved. No intermediate forms were found, though both isolates co-existed in the same hosts. Sequence data lead to the suggestion that they should be referred to as different viruses rather than strains of a virus. Keywords: Wheat dwarf virus, isolates, sequence, hosts Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S43-S48 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10318-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10318-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10318-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Keck Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Hevesi Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Author-Name: W. Ruppitsch Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Author-Name: A. Stöger Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Author-Name: S. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Title: Spread of fire blight in Austria and Hungary - variability of Erwinia amylovora strains Abstract: First outbreaks of fire blight were detected in Austria in 1993 and in Hungary in 1995. 137 Erwinia amylovora isolates were compared by PCR-RFLP, sequencing of the repeat region of the PstI fragment of plasmid pEA29, RAPD and AFLP analysis. Differences of repeat numbers in first isolates were observed. Six isolates showed different RAPD profiles. In AFLP analysis, so far, no differences in fragment pattern were determined. Pathogenicity tests with micropropagated apple cultivars revealed differences in plant susceptibility and in virulence of isolates. Responses of Malus tissue were visualized by the use of epifluorescence microscopy through the localization and the production of substances involved in cellular defence mechanisms (e.g. flavonoids, lignin) in various susceptible cultivars. The effect of bacterial strains differing in pathogenicity is shown by cellular peroxidase and flavonoid production. Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, Austria, Hungary Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S49-S55 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10319-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10319-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10319-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Aguilar Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research and Training Center "Las Torres y Tomejil", Rice and Corn Department, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain *Tel.: +34 95 504 5548, Fax: +34 95 504 5624, E-mail: maguilar.cifat@cap.junta-andalucia.es Author-Name: M. Castejón Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research and Training Center "Las Torres y Tomejil", Rice and Corn Department, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain *Tel.: +34 95 504 5548, Fax: +34 95 504 5624, E-mail: maguilar.cifat@cap.junta-andalucia.es Author-Name: M. García Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research and Training Center "Las Torres y Tomejil", Rice and Corn Department, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain *Tel.: +34 95 504 5548, Fax: +34 95 504 5624, E-mail: maguilar.cifat@cap.junta-andalucia.es Title: Rice seedborne infection in southern Spain Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds were analysed to determine their potential transmission of pathogenic and saprophytic micro-organisms. In four and three hundred lots (stocks) of seeds, in 1998 and 1999 respectively, proceeding from mechanical drying sheds, none presence of Pyricularia oryzae was detected. It did not happen that way for Drechslera spp., whose presence was detected in 8.3% and 28% of the lots, in 1998 and 1999; within these ones the affected seed average was 1.3% in both years. Fusarium sp. appeared in 41% and 48% of the lots, in 1998 and 1999, respectively; the affected seed percentage, within these lots, oscillated between 1.7 and 2.4%. Regarding Arthrobotris sp. and Curvularia sp. the percentage of both, affected stocks and affected seed within these ones, were lower than 2%. About saprophytic micro-organisms, Alternaria appeared in 51% of the stocks in 1998, and in 38% in 1999, while Nigrospora did it in 39% and 33%. The affected seeds average per stock was about 2%. These low seed infection percentage seems a consequence of the mechanical drying process, that disables parts of the inoculum seed. On the other hand, harvested grain samples from trials established to promote the infection of Pyricularia oryzae in 1998, 1999 and 2000, showed that this pathogen was not present in any of these three years, in line with the seed results mentioned above. However, Pyricularia was present in 55% of the harvested grain samples in 2001 trial, as well as in 40% of the seeds. Seed can be a way of transmission of fungi if proceed from campaigns with a high level of inoculum in field. Keywords: Pyricularia oryzae rice, seed infection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S56-S59 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10320-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10320-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10320-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Limpert Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: P. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: H. Buchenauer Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: W.-K. Graber Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: K. Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: J. Šebesta Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: J.G. Fuchs Author-Workplace-Name: Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Title: Airborne nomadic pathogens: does virulence accumulate along the way from Paris to Beijing? Abstract: It is well established that race-specific resistance selects for the specifically matching genes effecting virulence in the pathogen. As well, the use of different R-genes in time makes virulence complexity, VC (the number of virulences per pathogen genotype), to increase. Moreover, it becomes obvious here that the wind-dispersed cereal rusts and mildews are obligate nomads and highly mobile. As a consequence of these points and as a result of modelling, VC was expected to increase in the direction of predominant winds, e.g. from west to east across Europe, and it did by approximately one or more virulences per 1000 km. Starting from the barley mildew pathogen, comprehensive evidence is also available from leaf rust on wheat covering some 5000 km from Western Europe into Siberia. The impact of our findings for population genetics across Europe and Asia is supposed to be considerable and worth further elucidating, e.g., within the 6th EU Framework Programme. Keywords: disease resistance, population biology, host pathogen systems, wind dispersal, nomadic species, gene flow Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S60-S64 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10321-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10321-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10321-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.L.W. Carver Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom * Tel. +44 1970 823 123, Fax +44 1970 828 357, E-mail: tim.carver@bbsrc.ac.uk Author-Name: A.J. Wright Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom * Tel. +44 1970 823 123, Fax +44 1970 828 357, E-mail: tim.carver@bbsrc.ac.uk Author-Name: B.J. Thomas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom * Tel. +44 1970 823 123, Fax +44 1970 828 357, E-mail: tim.carver@bbsrc.ac.uk Title: Initial events in the establishment of cereal powdery mildew infection Abstract: Like spores of many fungi, conidia of Blumeria graminis, the powdery mildew fungus of cereals, release extracellular material. It is released within seconds where conidial surface projections touch a leaf. This ECM is probably adhesive since centrifugation showed that forces greater than those due to normal wind speeds are needed to displace conidia. Also, ECM release is probably involved in rapid sensing of substratum contact, leading to germ tube emergence close to the contact site. Thus, ECM release apparently confers at least two benefits to pathogen survival. Keywords: adhesion, Blumeria graminis, cereals, conidia, extracellular material, germ tubes, germling development, powdery mildew Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S65-S68 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10322-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10322-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10322-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Mühlenberg Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Author-Name: A. Schuller Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Author-Name: J. Siemens Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Author-Name: P. Kobelt Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Author-Name: J. Ludwig-Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Title: Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease, may penetrate plant cell walls via cellulase Abstract: Plasmodiophora brassicae causes the clubroot disease of Brassicaceae by its obligate biotrophic lifestyle within host roots. The pathogen enters the root cortex, but is soon found near the vascular tissue. There are basically two possibilities for the distribution of Plasmodiophora within the root tissue: 1. distribution by simultaneous division with the host cell or 2. by active migration from cell to cell. It has been shown that plasmodia of the pathogen are indeed able to penetrate plant cell walls. We have therefore begun to isolate a cellulase gene from the pathogen by using degenerated primers to different fungal cellulases. It was possible to amplify specifically a fragment from infected roots 14 days after inoculation which was not present in healthy roots and later time points of infection. The fragment was sequenced and showed high homology to various fungal cellulases. Cloning of the complete cDNA and expression analysis of the putative Plasmodiophora cellulase is in progress. Keywords: Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, cellulase, host cell wall lysis, Plasmodiophora brassicae Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S69-S72 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10323-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10323-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10323-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.A. Boyd Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Department of Disease and Stress Biology, Norwich, NR4 7UH Author-Name: J.A. Howie Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Department of Disease and Stress Biology, Norwich, NR4 7UH Author-Name: T. Worland Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Department of Disease and Stress Biology, Norwich, NR4 7UH Author-Name: R. Stratford Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Department of Disease and Stress Biology, Norwich, NR4 7UH Author-Name: P.H. Smith Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Department of Disease and Stress Biology, Norwich, NR4 7UH Title: Mutations in wheat leading to enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen of yellow rust Abstract: The isolation and study of plant resistance genes is revealing a story more complicated than the gene-for-gene hypothesis originally implied. The story of resistance is complicated even further by the discovery of genes that appear to have a negative effect on resistance. Early studies in the wheat line Hobbit 'sib' identified a number of chromosomes that reduced the level of field resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of yellow rust on wheat. From a series of deletion mutants generated in Hobbit 'sib' a number of mutant lines were selected that gave enhanced resistance to yellow rust. The phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterisation of some of these mutants is presented. Keywords: mutants, wheat, yellow rust Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S73-S75 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10324-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10324-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10324-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Heiser Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Munich - Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, D-85350 Freising, Germany * Tel.: +8 161 713 681, Fax: +8 161 714 538, E-mail: heiser@lrz.tum.de Author-Name: E.F. Elstner Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Munich - Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, D-85350 Freising, Germany * Tel.: +8 161 713 681, Fax: +8 161 714 538, E-mail: heiser@lrz.tum.de Title: Biochemical mechanisms of plant defense a central role for reactive oxygen species Abstract: In general mechanics stress is clearly defined as the point or degree of bending of an elastic system at the very point of just symptomless reversibility and irreversible deformation or break. In medicine and botany, stress is supposed to indicate all situations beyond normal, defined by the observer. All organs of higher plants (with some exceptions) perform aerobic metabolism and are thus subject to activated oxygen species. Oxygen oversaturation and thus oxygen stress may occur under various different conditions. Since most abiotic and biotic stress situations in plants result in the accelerated production of ROS oxidative stress is a common signaling event in plant stress and redox regulation therefore plays a central role in the stress signaling network (PASTORI & FOYER 2002). In this review basic reactions operating during stress and defence will be discussed where certain prooxidative situations and antioxidative processes in plants will be dealt with. Keywords: reactive oxygen, phytotoxins, oxidative burst, redox signaling Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S76-S86 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10325-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10325-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0032.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10325-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.R. Dixon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioscience, Royal College, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom Title: Interactions of soil nutrient environment, pathogenesis and host resistance Abstract: Host plants and soil borne pathogens that attack them exist within an ecological matrix populated by numerous microbial species that may influence the access of pathogenesis. These events are moderated by physical and chemical components of the soil. The impact of inorganic and organic nutrients on pathogenesis and the development of host resistance are discussed in this review using two host - pathogen combinations as examples. Calcium, boron, nitrogen and pH have been demonstrated to affect the processes of resting spore germination, host invasion and colonisation in the Plasmodiophora brassicae-Brassica combination that results in clubroot disease. Organic nutrients that have associated biostimulant properties have been demonstrated to influence the development of Pythium ultimum-Brassica combination that results in damping-off disease. This latter combination is affected by the presence of antagonistic microbial flora as demonstrated by increased ATP, extra-cellular enzyme and siderophore production. In both examples there are indications of the manner by which host resistance to pathogenesis may be enhanced by changes to the nutrient status surrounding host plants. These effects are discussed in relation to the development of integrated control strategies that permit disease control with minimal environmental impact. Keywords: nutrition, host, pathogen, environment, Plasmodiophora brassicae, clubroot, Pythium ultimum, damping-off, Brassica, calcium, boron, nitrogen, pH, biostimulant, liquid seaweed extract, Pseudomonas spp Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S87-S94 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10326-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10326-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0033.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10326-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.A.C. Pink Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 1789 478 382, Fax: +44 1789 470 552, E-mail: david.pink@hri.ac.uk Author-Name: P. Hand Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Tel.: +44 1789 478 382, Fax: +44 1789 470 552, E-mail: david.pink@hri.ac.uk Title: Plant resistance and strategies for breeding resistant varieties Abstract: An explanation of the 'boom-bust' cycle of resistance breeding was provided by the gene-for-gene relationship between a pathogen and its host. Despite this understanding, most R genes continued to be deployed singly and resistance has been ephemeral. The reasons for breeding 'single R gene' varieties are discussed. Alternative strategies for the deployment of R genes and the use of quantitative race non-specific resistance have been advocated in order to obtain durable resistance. The feasibility of both of these approaches is discussed taking into account the impact of technologies such as plant transformation and marker-assisted selection. A change in focus from durability of the plant phenotype to that of the crop phenotype is advocated. Keywords: R gene pyramids, multilines, mixtures, quantitative resistance, plant transformation, marker assisted selection, crop phenotype Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S9-S14 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10310-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10310-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0034.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10310-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pompe-Novak Author-Workplace-Name: *National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Tušek-Žnidarič Author-Workplace-Name: *National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: B. Štrukelj Author-Workplace-Name: *National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Ravnikar Author-Workplace-Name: *National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: The influence of jasmonic acid on the amount and the distribution of cysteine proteinase PLCP-2 in healthy and PVYNTN infected potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) Abstract: The localization of cysteine proteinase PLCP-2 was investigated in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Désirée by electron microscopy. Healthy and PVYNTN infected potato plants were grown in vitro on media with or without a supplement of jasmonic acid. We had already shown that PLCP-2 is present in leaves, stems, tips of shoots and tips of roots of healthy and PVYNTN infected plants. It was detected in various cell types in protein bodies in vacuoles, in cytoplasm and in cell walls. There were significantly larger amounts of PLCP-2 in plants grown on medium with a supplement of jasmonic acid in both healthy and virus infected plants. More protein bodies in vacuoles were found in plants grown on medium with addition of jasmonic acid. Keywords: Potato virus YNTN, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cysteine proteinase PLCP-2, jasmonic acid, immunolocalization, electron microscopy Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S95-S98 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10327-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10327-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0035.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10327-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.E. Dunaevsky Author-Workplace-Name: *A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, and Author-Name: T.N. Gruban Author-Workplace-Name: *A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, and Author-Name: G.A. Beliakova Author-Workplace-Name: *A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, and Author-Name: M.A. Belozersky Author-Workplace-Name: *A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, and Title: Comparative study of proteases of pathogenic and saprophytic filamentous fungi Abstract: The presence of protein in the culture medium induced secretion of proteases in the studied filamentous fungi species. Comparative analysis of extracellular proteases expressed in vivo by saprotrophic (Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium terlikowskii) and pathogenic (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Ulocladium botrytis) filamentous fungi species has been carried out. All isolated enzymes were classified as serine proteases on the basis of inhibitor analysis data. According to substrate specificity and the effect of some inhibitors it is proposed that enzymes from T. harzianum and P. terlikowskii are subtilisin-like proteases and enzymes from A. alternata, B. cinerea, U. botrytis are trypsin-like proteases. This fact is, apparently, one of the main characteristic properties of saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi species. Participation of extracellular fungal proteases in pathogenesis is discussed. Keywords: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, filamentous fungi, protease, Penicillium terlikowskii, proteolytic activity, secretion, Trichoderma harzianum, Ulocladium botrytis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S99-S101 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10328-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10328-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0036.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10328-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kosman Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel Title: Stochastic variation and probabilistic model - estimating frequency of fungicide resistant phenotype in plant pathogen population Abstract: Methodological aspects of stochastic variation were considered on example of bioassay for estimation of fungicide resistance(KADISH & COHEN 1988). The corresponding probabilistic model for measuring frequency of fungicide resistantphenotype in a plant pathogen population was developed. Unpredictable relationships between estimates from the modeland the experimental results were observed. Keywords: fungicide resistance, metalaxyl, Phytophthora infestans, stochastic variation, probabilistic model Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 158-160 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10344-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10344-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0037.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10344-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Muylle Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO-Gent, 9090 Melle, Belgium Author-Name: E. Van Bockstaele Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO-Gent, 9090 Melle, Belgium Author-Name: I. Roldan-Ruiz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO-Gent, 9090 Melle, Belgium Title: Selection of AFLP markers linked with crown rust resistance in Lolium: efficiency of bulk segregant analysis in an Allogamous species Abstract: Ryegrasses are important forage species. An important foliar disease in Lolium is crown rust, caused by the fungus Pucciniacoronata. This cosmopolitan biotrophic fungus causes forage and seed losses, and decoloration of amenity grasslands.In breeding towards resistant cultivars, it is important to know the mode of inheritance of crown rust resistance. A paircross between a susceptible and a resistant plant resulted in a F1 population segregating for rust resistance. According tothe segregation data, major genes were assumed to encode for crown rust resistance. In a bulk segregant analysis (BSA)187 primer combinations revealed AFLP markers linked with resistance. Two groups of genetically unlinked markerswere identified, explaining together 35% of the phenotypic variation. Keywords: L. perenne, Puccinia coronata, BSA, molecular markers Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 161-164 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10345-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10345-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0038.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10345-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.J. Lovell Author-Workplace-Name: *IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom Author-Name: S.R. Parker Author-Workplace-Name: *IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom Author-Name: N.D. Paveley Author-Workplace-Name: *IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom Author-Name: A.J. Worland Author-Workplace-Name: *IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom Title: Understanding field resistance mechanisms for improved control of Septoria tritici Abstract: Field resistance can contribute to reductions in epidemic progress of Septoria tritici in winter wheat. Crop growth andcanopy architecture are identified as key mechanisms of field resistance. Near isogenic lines differing for dwarfing (Rht)and photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd) genes, enabled the study of target traits in a constant background of genetic resistance.Epidemics were consistently earlier in shorter crops across a range of environments. The mechanism for this effect wasidentified as an increase in spore arrival due to a reduction in the required dispersal distance between infective tissueand emerging upper culm leaves. Keywords: Septoria tritici, winter wheat, dwarfing genes, photoperiod sensitivity, disease escape, disease control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 165-169 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10346-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10346-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0039.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10346-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.R. Etebarian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Abourayhan Campus, University of Tehran, 4117 Tehran, Iran Title: Evaluation of barley cultivars for resistance to leaf stripe Abstract: A total of 19 Iranian native barley cultivars were in artificial infection experiments tested for resistance against isolate19 of the leaf stripe fungs, Pyrenophora graminea. The cultivar Eram was immune against isolate 19 and the cultivarsJonob, Makoy, C2, showed high resistance with less than 6% plant infected, the cultivars Zarjo, Valfajr, Reyhan, Karun,Karun × Kavir were the most susceptible cultivars. Keywords: barley stripe, Pyrenophora graminea, resistance, Hordeum vulgare Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 170-173 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10347-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10347-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0040.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10347-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Viroids: sequence variability and evolution of pathogenic RNA Abstract: Viroids as the smallest pathogenic circular single-stranded pathogenic RNAs form populations of quasi-species, whichhas been recently identified by thermodynamic methods like TGGE pre-selection and heteroduplex analysis. It was foundthat replication under thermal stress led to enormously high level of viroid mutagenesis. Mostly multiple mutants havingnon-random distribution of base changes were found. A specific "hot spots" were identified in the regions, wherea characteristic "pathogenicity domains" are localised in different viroids of the pospiviroidae family. Specific viroidmicroevolution was observed upon artificial inoculation of non-host plant species. Our results suggest that viroid propagationunder physiological stress can be assumed as important factor, which is among others, responsible for an appearanceof viroid quasi-species in the nature. Evolution and new viroid patotypes could accumulate due to environmental stressincluding various pollutants may be a potential danger for cultured plants. Keywords: viroid mutagenesis, quasi-species, DNA heteroduplexes, stress factors, viroid pathotypes Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 173-176 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10348-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10348-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0041.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10348-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ravelonandro Author-Workplace-Name: INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche Génomique, Développement et Pouvoir Pathogène, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France Title: Gene-for-gene interactions are required for disease resistance mediated by virus transgene Abstract: Plant viruses cause severe damage and significant economic losses to agriculture. Control of virus usually consist ofthe elimination of virus vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi, etc), improvement of the sanitary status of the propagationmaterial, the use of resistance sources in breeding programs. The application of the pathogen-derived resistance strategyhas opened new avenues to protect plants against viruses. Two molecular mechanisms seem to underlie the engineeredprotection, the virus transgene-derived protein and the transgene-RNA interference. A few examples that support theefficiencies of these two molecular mechanisms are reviewed here and discussed in light of the potential use of virusresistanttransgenic plants in agriculture. Keywords: virus, transgenics, resistance, agriculture Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 177-179 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10349-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10349-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0042.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10349-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Krška Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Salava Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Polák Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Komínek Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic Title: Genetics of resistance to Plum pox virus in apricot Abstract: Plum pox virus (PPV) causes serious damage in apricots grown in the Czech Republic and other countries where it ispresent. The virus spreads in orchards from infected trees by aphids to healthy trees of susceptible cultivars. Chemicalcontrol is ineffective from epidemiological point of view. For this reason growing of resistant apricot cultivars is the onlyway how to solve one of the most significant phytopathological problem. To study PPV resistance in apricot, three crossesbetween an apricot cultivars or a selection resistant to PPV and an apricot cultivars or a selection susceptible to PPV(LE-3218 × Stark Early Orange, LE-3241 × Vestar and LE-3246 × Vestar) were performed at Faculty of Horticultureof Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Lednice na Moravě in 1999. The BC1 seeds were stratified and thesubsequent seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. The seedlings were repeatedly inoculated with PPV-Vegama isolate(PPV-M strain) by an infected chip. The resistance of the plants was evaluated by symptom observing and ELISA inthree consecutive growth periods. The χ2 test was used to analyse the data. It was found that two independent dominantcomplementary genes conditioned PPV resistance in apricot. The significance of these findings in relation to other reportsis discussed. Knowledge of PPV resistance inheritance will help in planning apricot breeding programmes. Keywords: Plum pox virus, Prunus armeniaca L., resistance, inheritance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 180-182 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10350-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10350-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0043.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10350-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Germundsson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Genetics Centre, SLU, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: M. Sandgren Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Genetics Centre, SLU, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: H. Barker Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Genetics Centre, SLU, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: E.I. Savenkov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Genetics Centre, SLU, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: J.P.T. Valkonen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Genetics Centre, SLU, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Title: Molecular studies of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) in transgenic N. benthamiana and S. tuberosum Abstract: Resistance to Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) was studied in Nicotiana benthamiana and potato (Solanum tuberosum cv.Saturna) transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of PMTV. In N. benthamiana plants mechanically inoculated withPMTV, RNA2 was detected in leaves and roots in several plants in the absence of RNA3. When N. benthamiana wasgrown in infested soil, viral RNA was detected in roots, but no systemic movement of PMTV to above-ground parts wasobserved. The incidence of PMTV infections was reduced in the CP-transgenic potato plants grown in an infested fieldin Sweden. However, in infected tubers, all three virus RNAs were detected. Keywords: Potato mop-top virus, Spongospora subterranea, Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana benthamiana, transgenic resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 183-185 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10351-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10351-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0044.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10351-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.G. Tyryshkin Author-Workplace-Name: Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), 190000 St.-Petersburg, Russia * Tel.: +7 812 466 4704, Fax: +7 812 113 7094, E-mail: tyr@na8418.spb.edu Author-Name: N.A. Tyryshkina-Shishelova Author-Workplace-Name: Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), 190000 St.-Petersburg, Russia * Tel.: +7 812 466 4704, Fax: +7 812 113 7094, E-mail: tyr@na8418.spb.edu Title: Genetics of wheat somaclones resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. Abstract: Genetics of resistance to common root rot and dark brown leaf spot blotch (both caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.)was studied in wheat somaclonal lines, obtained in calluses culture of samples 181-5 and Vera. Four different approacheswere used: linear analysis of resistance in generations of segregating somaclonal lines, hybridological analysis, studyof resistance components, study of possible durability of resistance. Results showed, that resistance to both diseases islikely controlled by polygenic systems with additive actions of minor genes. Different lines possess non-identical geneticsystems for resistance. Several lines kept their initial level of resistance to spot blotch after 5 cycles of the pathogenartificial population reproduction. Keywords: wheat, somaclonal variability, genetics of resistance, dark brown leaf spot blotch, common root rot, Bipolarissorokiniana Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 186-188 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10352-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10352-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0045.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10352-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.A. Pylypenko Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Science, Kiev-22, 03022 Ukraine Title: Resistance and tolerance to potato cyst nematodes among Ukrainian potato cultivars and breeding materials Abstract: Potato is the fourth important cultivated crop in Ukraine; the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, Ro1 consistsone of the most serious threats to its industry. A total of 3769 cultivars and hybrids were assessed for resistanceto G. rostochiensis from 1992 to 2002. On the base of the two-stages assay, resistance was identified at 419 and partialresistance at 90 genotypes, which had inherited resistance from 39 resistant cultivars and 23 hybrids. Resistance of the74 genotypes was confirmed in both greenhouse and field plots; their effectiveness in reduction of population densitiesof G. rostochiensis varied from 51 to 96% in one season. The tolerance of 5 Ukrainian potato resistant cultivars wasinvestigated in the field plots and all of them were classified as intolerant. Keywords: Globodera rostochiensis, potato, resistance, tolerance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 189-194 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10353-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10353-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0046.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10353-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Alabouvette Author-Workplace-Name: INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon-Cedex, France * Tel.: +33 380 693 040, Fax: + 33 380 693 226, E-mail: ala@dijon.inra.fr Author-Name: Ch. Olivain Author-Workplace-Name: INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon-Cedex, France * Tel.: +33 380 693 040, Fax: + 33 380 693 226, E-mail: ala@dijon.inra.fr Title: Modes of action of non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum in controlling Fusarium wilts Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated the capacity of non-pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum to control Fusarium diseases.These non-pathogenic strains show several modes of action contributing to their biocontrol capacity. They are able tocompete for nutrients in the soil, affecting the rate of chlamydospore germination and the saprophytic growth of thepathogen, diminishing the probability for the pathogen to reach the root surface. They are competing with the pathogenat the root surface for colonization of infection sites, and inside the root where they induce plant defence reactions. Bytriggering the defence reactions, they induce systemic resistance of the plant. Depending on the strain, and on the plantspecies, these mechanisms are more or less important, leading to a more or less efficient biocontrol efficacy. Keywords: competition, induced resistance, root colonization Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 195-199 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10354-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10354-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0047.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10354-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.A. Karavaev Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: M.K. Solntsev Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: A.M. Kuznetsov Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: I.B. Polyakova Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: V.V. Frantsev Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: E.V. Yurina Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: T.P. Yurina Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Physics and Title: Plant extracts as the source of physiologically active compounds suppressing the development of pathogenic fungi Abstract: It is shown that aqueous extracts from bird cherry tree Padus avium L., aspen Populus tremula L., and celandine Chelidoniummajus L., effectivily suppress the germination of Puccinia triticina Eriks uredospores. Fungitoxic activity ofthe extracts is supposed to be determined by high content of phenolic compounds and high peroxidase activity in theleaves of these plants. Fungitoxic activity of the extracts from the leaves, inflorescences, roots, and stems of siberiancowparsnip Heracleum sibiricum L., was also correlated with the content of phenolic compounds in these organs. Treatmentof healthy wheat Triticum aestivum L., cv. Lyubava, with the extracts from common comfrey Symphytum officinaleL., cowparsnip Heracleum sibiricum L., and giant knotweed Reynoutria sashalinensis (F. Schmitt) Nakai, stimulated thephotosynthetic activity in treated leaves. Keywords: brown rust, wheat, plant extracts, phenols, peroxidase, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, thermoluminescence Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 200-204 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10355-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10355-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0048.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10355-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Larena Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera, 28040 Madrid, Spain * Tel.: +34 91 3 476 846, Fax: +34 91 3 572 293, E-mail: melgar@inia.es Author-Name: M. LIÑÁN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera, 28040 Madrid, Spain * Tel.: +34 91 3 476 846, Fax: +34 91 3 572 293, E-mail: melgar@inia.es Author-Name: P. Melgarejo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera, 28040 Madrid, Spain * Tel.: +34 91 3 476 846, Fax: +34 91 3 572 293, E-mail: melgar@inia.es Title: Antibiotic production of the biocontrol agents Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sake Abstract: In the framework of the study of the mode of action of biocontrol agents (BCAs) it is important to know if BCAs areantibiotic-producers. Epicoccum nigrum 282 and Candida sake CPA-1 are BCAs effective against post-harvest pathogensof stone and pome fruits. The antibiotics produced by these BCAs and the relationship to biocontrol were studied.Production of antibiotics by E. nigrum in in vitro cultures began at 5 days of incubation being maximal at different timesdepending on media used. However, no antibiotic was detected when E. nigrum was grown in a solid state-fermentationsystem or in peaches. In the case of C. sake, no antibiotic was detected either in vitro, in liquid fermentation culturesof the yeast, or in apples. Keywords: apples, antibiotic, biocontrol, Monilinia spp., Penicillium expansum, peaches, post-harvest Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 205-208 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10356-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10356-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0049.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10356-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.B. Orlikowski Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology & Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland * Tel.: +48 468 332 041, Fax: +48 468 332 088, E-mail: lorlikow@insad.pl Author-Name: A. Jaworska-Marosz Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology & Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland * Tel.: +48 468 332 041, Fax: +48 468 332 088, E-mail: lorlikow@insad.pl Title: Influence of Pythium oligandrum on population of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and development of Fusarium wilt of carnation Abstract: Relationship between initial oospore number of Pythium oligandrum, mode of the mycoparasite application and populationdynamics of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and development of Fusarium wilt of carnation was studied. Mixing ofoospores with peat 10 days before carnation planting resulted in strong inhibition of the pathogen development. Numberof colony forming units of the pathogen decreased at least 3 times. Application of P. oligandrum resulted in suppressionof Fusarium wilt development, especially when the mycoparasite was applied at dose 100 oospore/g of peat. Keywords: carnation, Fusarium, Pythium oligandrum, oospores, inhibition, population, healthiness Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 209-211 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10357-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10357-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0050.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10357-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Zinkernagel Author-Workplace-Name: Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, TU München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Author-Name: H. Hausladen Author-Workplace-Name: Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, TU München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Author-Name: H. Habermeyer Author-Workplace-Name: Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, TU München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Title: Practical application of integrated disease management Abstract: A decision support system for cereal diseases and late blight of potatoes has been developed at the Chair of Phytopathology,Technische Universität München. The Wheat and Barley Prognosis System has been in use for many years by theBavarian official advisory service. It is based on an exact diagnosis and established biological thresholds influenced byweather. Certain fungicides are recommended also covering diseases which have not reached the threshold. Diseases underconsideration are eye spot disease, powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria leaf and glume blotch, tan spot, brownand yellow rusts.The PhytophthoraModel Weihenstephan consists of two parts, weather based prognosis and monitoring inthe unsprayed control plots. Spraying recommendations are given based on the results of the above-mentioned parts andconsidering cultivar behaviour and blight development in the field. The first spraying in the season as well as the timingof the following ones are crucial. This model does not give any recommendations regarding which active ingredient shouldapplied. However there is a distinction made with regard to contact (protective) fungicides and systemic fungicides. ThePhytophthoraModel Weihenstephan has been in use for several years in Germany as well as in Austria. Keywords: decision support systems, cereal diseases, potato late blight, control thresholds Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 212-220 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10358-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10358-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0051.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10358-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Jańczak Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, 60-318 Poznań, Poland * Tel.: + 48 61 864 91 06, Fax: + 48 601 864 91 27, E-mail: c.janczak@jor.poznan.pl Author-Name: S. Pruszyński Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, 60-318 Poznań, Poland * Tel.: + 48 61 864 91 06, Fax: + 48 601 864 91 27, E-mail: c.janczak@jor.poznan.pl Author-Name: P. Bubniewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, 60-318 Poznań, Poland * Tel.: + 48 61 864 91 06, Fax: + 48 601 864 91 27, E-mail: c.janczak@jor.poznan.pl Title: Winter wheat protection against diseases and pests in conventional programme of crop protection and in integrated pest management Abstract: Results of researches carried out in 2000 and 2001 have demonstrated, that main factors determining yield of winterwheat are: agrotechnical measures, mainly proper choice of field, optimal nitrogen fertilization as well as choice ofcultivar well adapted to local climatic conditions. Chemical protection of winter wheat affects first of all stability ofyield. Regular inspections of fields with special account to present phytosanitary situation, thresholds of noxiousness andexpected development of disease and pest populations should decide on the need of chemical treatments. Keywords: winter wheat, cultivars, susceptibility, nitrogen fertilization, beneficial insects, noxious insects, insecticides, fungal diseases, fungicides, effectiveness of control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 221-226 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10359-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10359-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0052.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10359-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kinane Author-Workplace-Name: Risoe National Laboratory, Resistance Biology Programme, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark * Tel.: +45 4677 4195, Fax: +45 4677 4109, E-mail: julia.kinane@risoe.dk Author-Name: M.F. Lyngkjaer Author-Workplace-Name: Risoe National Laboratory, Resistance Biology Programme, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark * Tel.: +45 4677 4195, Fax: +45 4677 4109, E-mail: julia.kinane@risoe.dk Title: Effect of barley-legume intercrop on disease frequency in an organic farming system Abstract: The effect of barley-legume intercrop in an organic farming system on disease incidence was investigated. The legumeswere lupin, faba bean and pea. Diseases were detected on pea and barley. On pea, only ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi)was observed. When either pea variety was intercropped with barley, the level of ascochyta blight was reduced. Netblotch (Pyrenophora teres), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) (inorder of incidence) were monitored on barley between flag leaf emergence and heading. The levels of all three diseaseswere reduced in every intercrop treatment compared to the barley monocrop. However, this reduction was only statisticallysignificant in the pea treatments for net blotch. Keywords: barley, lupin, faba bean, pea, legume, monocrop, intercrop, organic farming system, ascochyta blight, net blotch, brown rust, powdery mildew Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 227-231 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10360-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10360-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0053.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10360-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.A. Hiemstra Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Title: Developing Verticillium resistant rootstock for Norway maple Abstract: Verticillium wilt causes serious losses in the cultivation of shade trees, especially Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.).In 1993 research was started aiming at the development of Verticillium resistant rootstocks for Norway maple. Efficientmethods to select and screen for resistance in maple were developed, leading to several large-scale selection experimentscarried out in the period 1994-1996. This resulted in a first selection of about 300 plants out of a total of nearly 20 000 seedlingplants. An attempt was made to propagate these plants vegetatively in order to develop small clones for resistancetesting. During this stage of the research many plants were lost because of failure to propagate. After a second screeningfor resistance 35 plants were selected for further examination. Vegetative propagation was continued and from 2000 onthe performance of about 15 clones could be tested on naturally infested fields as well as after inoculation. The resultsof the field test show a clear selection response with disease incidence in plants of the selected clones being 50% lessthan in the seedlings and the randomly chosen clones. Within the group of selected clones there was a substantial variationbetween the clones with some clones having no disease at all whereas in other clones some plants showed serioussymptoms. Results of the field tests will be presented and the possibilities for solving the Verticillium wilt problem inmaple by means of using clonal root-stocks that are resistant to Verticillium wilt will be discussed. Keywords: Verticillium dahliae, Acer platanoides, resistance, selection, rootstock, shade trees Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 232-234 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10361-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10361-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0054.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10361-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Stepniewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Pathology, August Cieszkowski University of Agriculture, Poznań, Poland * Tel.: +4861 848 77 08, Fax: + 4861 848 77 11, E-mail: mmanka@owl.au.poznan.pl Author-Name: M. Mańka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Pathology, August Cieszkowski University of Agriculture, Poznań, Poland * Tel.: +4861 848 77 08, Fax: + 4861 848 77 11, E-mail: mmanka@owl.au.poznan.pl Title: Biotic relations between Rhizoctonia solani (damping-off pathogen) and soil fungal communities from forest nursery Abstract: In forest nursery Wronczyn (central-west Poland) the occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings damping-offcaused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is connected with a strong supporting effect of soil fungi community on R. solani.Both the soil fungi community isolated in June and in October 1999 supported the pathogen growth to considerable extent.In both months the support was bigger in the case of more severe isolate of the pathogen. Keywords: Pinus sylvestris, dampin-off, seedlings, Rhizoctonia, soil fungi community Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 235-238 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10456-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10456-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200210-0055.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10456-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Cambra Author-Name: M.M. López Author-Name: M.T. Gorris Author-Name: P. Llop Author-Name: E. Bertolini Author-Name: A. Olmos Title: Advances in the methods of detection of plant viruses and bacteria (abstract only) Abstract: Serological and molecular techniques are the most appropriate for rapid and reliable detection of plant viruses and plant pathogenic bacteria when high numbers of samples need to be analysed. For viruses, the sample preparation step has been simplified trough the possibility to imprint or squash plant material or insect vectors in membranes, instead of performing extracts preparation, and trough the automatic purification of targets by robotics. Immobilised targets on membranes can be detected by tissue print-ELISA, imprint-hybridisation or print-PCR. For bacteria, the sensitivity has been improved by the selection of media and conditions for efficient enrichment of bacteria before target's detection by ELISA or PCR. Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies are contributing to improve specificity of the serological techniques. New variants of PCR as nested in a single closed tube, co-operative-PCR and real time monitoring of amplicons or quantitative PCR, have been developed. The general tendency is the use of techniques combining serological-molecular or molecular-serological methods for simultaneous detection of different pathogens in one assay, as multiplex-PCR with colorimetric detection of amplicons and the DNA chips or microarrays. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 239 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10362-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10362-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10362-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Glasa Author-Name: V. Marie-Jeanne Author-Name: Z. Šubr Author-Name: O. Kúdela Title: Frequent occurrence of natural recombinant Plum pox virus isolates in Slovakia: from identification to epidemiological consequences (abstract only) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 240 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10365-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10365-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10365-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Michelmore Title: Genomic approaches to natural and artificial evolution of plant disease resistance genes (abstract only) Abstract: We are interested in the evolution of specificity in plant-pathogen interactions. A significant proportion of genes in the genome potentially encode resistance related genes. A variety of genetic events have been demonstrated to occur at loci encoding disease resistance in a range of plant species. These include point mutations, insertion/deletions, intragenic and intergenic unequal crossing-over, and gene conversion. The relative frequencies and importance of each of these processes to the evolution of new resistance specificities is now beginning to be understood. We are currently refining a 'birth-and-death' model using data on the relative frequencies of genetic events in clusters of resistance genes in Arabidopsis, lettuce and tomato. Clusters of resistance genes exhibit a complex variety of patterns of evolution. Even within a cluster, different groups of genes may exhibit different evolutionary histories. In the major cluster of resistance genes in lettuce, some genes evolve slowly as distinct lineages with little sequence exchange between paralogs. Orthologs of these genes are readily detectable in diverse germplasm. Polymorphism is maintained by balancing selection. Deletion events have led to loss of certain lineages in some haplotypes. Other genes undergo frequent sequence exchange with other paralogs and close orthologs are rare in germplasm. Similar patterns are seen in Arabidopsis and tomato. We are also using in vitro DNA shuffling to determine the functional consequences of genetic rearrangements. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 241 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10367-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10367-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10367-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.L. Lyngkjaer Author-Name: T. Gjetting Title: Gene transcript profiling of single barley epidermal cells attacked by powdery mildew (abstract only) Abstract: Resistance or susceptibility in barley to powdery mildew is determined at the single cell level. The fungus attempt to penetrate the plant cell wall and the attacked barley epidermal cell tries to prevent this by reinforcing its cell wall. However, this defence is only partially efficient and a number of fungal penetration attempts will succeed, leading to a mixture of infected and uninfected epidermal cells on the leaf. This makes it impossible to relate powdery mildew induced gene expression to resistance or susceptibility. Using glass micro-capillaries and micromanipulation we extracted contents from single barley epidermal cells. Three situations were considered: A) the barley cell resisted fungal penetration, B) the barley cell was infected and C) the barley cell was uninfected. The content of mRNA in the micro-extracts was purified and cDNA libraries were produced. Verification of the integrity of these libraries was done by gene specific PCR of selected genes and dot-blot hybridisation. Powdery mildew attack induces expression of a series of pathogenesis related (PR) genes in barley. Using dot-blot technique the expression of these genes was examined in the sampled cells. Notably, the PR genes were only induced in the cells that resisted powdery mildew penetration, whereas this activation was not observed in cells that were successfully invaded by the fungus. This indicates that the PR genes are involved in the processes leading to prevention of fungal penetration and that the fungus is able to prevent induction or suppress expression of the PR genes when barley cells are successfully infected. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 242 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10368-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10368-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10368-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.A. Lucas Title: Plant immunization - manipulating innate defence responses (abstract only) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 243 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10370-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10370-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10370-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Lahaye Author-Name: D. Gürlebeck Author-Name: T. Jordan Author-Name: E. Marois Author-Name: A. Meyer Author-Name: K. Peters Author-Name: S. Schornack Author-Name: B. Szurek Author-Name: U. Bonas Title: Mechanisms of plant resistance to bacterial pathogens (abstract only) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 244 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10372-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10372-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10372-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Schäfer Author-Name: R. Hückelhoven Author-Name: G. Langen Author-Name: J. Kumar Author-Name: K.H. Kogel Title: Bipolaris sorokiniana on cereals: a new model for molecular work on hemibiotrophy (abstract only) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 245 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10374-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10374-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10374-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Krämer Author-Name: F. Marthe Author-Name: U. Ryschka Author-Name: E. Klocke Author-Name: J. Schubert Author-Name: F. Ehrig Author-Name: J. Rabenstein Author-Name: G. Schumann Title: Resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in cabbage (abstract only) Abstract: In white cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection may cause up to 25% yield loss as well as necrosis during cold storage of the heads. An effective way for plant protection is the establishment of resistance to different TuMV pathotypes in cabbage. TuMV isolates were characterized and resistance screening methods utilizable under greenhouse and field conditions were developed. The search for resistance to TuMV in more than 300 accessions of the Brassicaceae family revealed some new resistance donors. Resistance to different TuMV pathotypes was found in B. oleracea primitive forms, in Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis), in horse-radish (Armoracia rusticana), as well as in radish (Raphanus sativus). A high level of resistance to three TuMV pathotypes was detected in sexually developed Raphanobrassica hybrids. Resistance to TuMV in B. oleracea primitive forms could be transferred into white cabbage by crosses. Somatic hybrids between R. sativus and B. oleracea resistant to TuMV were generated by protoplast fusion. The aim of a further prebreeding programme is the stabilization of resistance to TuMV in white cabbage supported by a marker assisted selection. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 246 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10376-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10376-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10376-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Sobiczewski Title: Biocontrol agents, resistance inducers and genetic engineering for protection of apple and pear against fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) (abstract only) Abstract: The paper, based on data from literature and own studies, deals with non-bactericides based strategies for control of fire blight. Of many bacterial representatives some were selected and already used in commercial biocontrol products. They are among others: Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 (BlightBan), Pantoea agglomerans P10C (BlossomBless), Bacillus subtilis QST713 (Serenade). The principal mechanism of action of the above mentioned antagonistic bacteria is based on antibiosis and/or competition for nutrients and space. Moreover, products based on plant compounds, like AkseBio (Thymbra spicata), Biomit Plussz (various plant extracts and microelements) and bacterial products e.g. bacteriocin Serracine P (Serratia plymutica) showed satisfactory efficacy under field conditions. Also, a strategy for disease resistance induction in plants treated with Bion (BTH), Regalis (prohexadione-Ca), Palisade (trinexapac-ethyl), Messenger (harpin) and some plant extracts seems to be promising. New possibilities of apple and pear protection consists of their transformation with resistance genes such as: hrpN (harpin), dpo (EPS depolymerase) and lytic protein genes (attacin E, cecropin SB-37, T4 lysozyme) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 247 Volume: 38 Issue: SI1-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10378-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10378-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI1-6thConfEFPP:id:10378-PPS