Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: M. Hassan Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Title: Detection of Peach latent mosaic viroid by PCR Abstract: Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is widespread in peach all over the world. It has never been reported from the Czech Republic. That is why we adapted specific and sensitive method for its detection, PCR, to be able to prove its possible occurrence and for certification purposes. Primers PLMVdR, PLMVdF1 and PLMVdF2 were designed on the basis of published RNA sequences. Products of amplification are 208 and 114 bp long for PLMVdF1 and PLMVdF2, respectively. Four PLMVd isolates from Dr Di Serio (CNR Bari) were used as standards. Potato spindle tuber viroid and Hop latent viroid infected plant material and also healthy material were used to check detection specifity. Both RNA extraction from plant material and PCR were optimalized so that this method of PLMVd detection can also be used for certification purposes. Keywords: PLMVd, PCR, peach, certification Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 249-251 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10458-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10458-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10458-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.K. Kundu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Simplification of RNA preparation procedure for RT-PCR in detection of pome fruit tree viruses Abstract: A rapid, easy to handling and sensitive RNA preparation procedure, RNA release protocol was described here for the detection of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) by RT-PCR. Comparing total RNA extraction protocol, RNA release protocol give raised similar rate of ASPV and ASGV detection within the field-grown apple cultivars. Among sampling plant tissues, the bud leaf and leaf (during blossom) were showed efficient tissues for the routine detection, regardless the using RNA preparation procedures. Keywords: RT-PCR, ASPV, ASGV, RNA release Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 252-254 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10457-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10457-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10457-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kudláčková Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Title: Electronmicroscopic study of Beet soilborne pomovirus Abstract: Beet soilborne pomovirus (BSBV) was observed both in the sap and in tissues from local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa leaves after their embedding into acrylic resin LR White. Immunocapturing with polyclonal antibodies was used to enhance number of particles on grids and immunolabelling by colloidal gold was used for better visibility of virus particles in tissues. BSBV has rod-like particles of various length and it forms inclusions of several particles adhering side to side each to another. Keywords: Beet soilborne virus, Chenopodium quinoa, polyclonal antibodies, immunolabelling, electron microscopy Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 255-257 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10459-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10459-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10459-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.V. Gnutova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology & Soil Science Far Est Branch, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia * Author-Name: V.F. Tolkach Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology & Soil Science Far Est Branch, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia * Author-Name: Ju.V. Bogunov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology & Soil Science Far Est Branch, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia * Title: Criteria for identification of Cauliflower mosaic virus's of the far eastern strains Abstract: On the base of the present-day principles to classify plant viruses the identification of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a new virus for the Russian Federation, is carried out. Biological properties of 7 isolates have been studied. Symptomatology, range of host-plants and physical properties of virions of studied strains differ. The least thermostable strain is CaMV-B3 (TIP - 75°C) and the highest TIP (85°C) is CaMV-B1. The highest virus concentration in sap was observed for CaMV-B2 (DEP - 10-6), and lowest - CaMV-R1 (10-1-10-2). CaMV-B2 and CaMV-C2 lost infection during 4 days in room conditions, CaMV-B3 - 1 day. A virus proteins were isolated (42 and 44 kD). The native nucleic acid of CaMV have been extracted. The DNA was separated into mixtures of circular and linear molecules. Size of the DNA is about 8000 base pairs. Keywords: Cauliflower mosaic virus, Brassicaceae, identification Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 258-260 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10461-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10461-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10461-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Ryzhkova Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Viruses, Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology UAAS, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; aryzkova@yahoo.com Author-Name: T.P. Shevchenko Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Viruses, Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology UAAS, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; aryzkova@yahoo.com Author-Name: I.G. Budzanivska Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Viruses, Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology UAAS, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; aryzkova@yahoo.com Author-Name: V.P. Polischuk Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Viruses, Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology UAAS, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; aryzkova@yahoo.com Title: Viruses of cucumber isolated from some regions of Ukraine Abstract: Properties of viruses isolated from cucumbers in greenhouses of Ukraine are characterized in this article by electrophoresis, ELISA, electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. Keywords: isolate, serological relationships, Tobacco mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 261-263 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10462-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10462-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10462-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Černi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Author-Name: D. Škorić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Author-Name: M. Krajačić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Title: Preliminary molecular characterization of some Citrus tristeza Closterovirus isolates infecting Croatian citrus Abstract: Citrus tristeza Closterovirus (CTV) is widespread in major citrus-growing regions of the world often causing destructive diseases. Citrus samples were taken from orchards in the Croatian coastal region. CTV was detected in two symptomless field trees of Satsuma mandarins and one diseased lemon tree. Double-stranded RNA was isolated from the field trees and the dsRNA patterns were compared in polyacrylamide gels. The same dsRNA extracts were used as templates in RT-PCR experiments amplifying the CTV coat protein sequence. Amplicons were subjected to SSCP and RFLP analyses. The results indicate greater similarity between CTV isolates from Satsuma mandarins than between these two and the lemon isolate. Keywords: Citrus tristeza Closterovirus (CTV), dsRNA, RFLP, RT-PCR, SSCP Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 264-266 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10460-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10460-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10460-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Komínek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Selection of RNA isolation method for molecular detection of grapevine viruses Abstract: Grapevines infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) were selected. Total RNA was isolated from grapevine phloem tissue scrapped from dormant canes by three different methods: extraction with urea buffer followed with phenol-chloroform extraction, method using ConcertTM reagent (Invitrogen) followed with chloroform-isopropylalcohol extraction, and procedure using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). The highest yield of RNA was obtained using ConcertTM reagent. If this RNA was used in RT-PCR, GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 were easily detected. From RNA isolated by other two methods these viruses were not detected. Keywords: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3, grapevine, ELISA, RT-PCR Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 267-270 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10463-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10463-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10463-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Balla Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: É. Kriston Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: E. Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: W. Arthofer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: V. Hanzer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: M. Laimer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, H-1223 Budapest, Hungary Title: Detection of the phytosanitary status of stone fruit cultivars under in vitro conditions in Hungary Abstract: Prunus species are prone to infections by a range of pathogens (LAIMER 2002). Stone fruit plantations are mainly affected by Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and European Stone Fruit Yellows phytoplasma (ESFY). The production of elite plants of pathogen-free stone fruit cultivars includes the application of effective methods for the detection and elimination of the major stone fruit tree viruses and phytoplasmas. The method of micropropagation offers a quick possibility for breeders to introduce new cultivars into the production. Virus testing by molecular techniques of in vitro plants requires only tiny samples and reduces the danger of false negatives. First results of the virus testing originated from in vitro peach cultivars are presented. Keywords: peach, in vitro, virus testing, PPV, PNRSV, PDV, ESFY, ELISA, PCR Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 271-274 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10464-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10464-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10464-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Rosecká Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Moravec Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Filigarová Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dědič Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: N. Čeřovská Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic Title: Genetic variability between different isolates of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) Abstract: We determined partial nucleotide sequences of several different field isolates of PMTV with well-characterized biological properties from the Czech Republic and Denmark. Subsequently we were trying to elucidate the correlation between nucleotide sequences of various isolates, their biological properties and geographical origin. From the comparison with other known sequences we can conclude, that PMTV genome is relatively conserved. Keywords: Potato mop-top virus, recombinant coat protein, Escherichia coli Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 275-277 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10465-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10465-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10465-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ptáček Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute for Potato Research, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dědič Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute for Potato Research, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute for Potato Research, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Biological and molecular characterization of various isolates of Potato virus Y-N (PVY-N) strain group Abstract: Fourteen Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates were characterized. They represented PVYN strain only. However, application of serological and molecular genetic methods led to a more complicated characterization. For example, five isolates induced necrotic symptoms on tobacco plants typical of PVYN, despite reacting as PVYO serologically. Moreover, the PVY isolates were not identical according to molecular genetic properties. Typical PVYNTN PCR products were observed for 11 isolates, but four of them (Hr220-5, Hr387-7, Nord 242 and Syn1Scot) did not produce potato tuber necrotic symptoms in infected cultivars. An immunocapture RT-PCR probing was developed using a set of 24 primer pairs derived from eight regions of the PVY genome. Using this method, five out of seven PVYNTN isolates including the Czech standard PVYNTN from the potato cv. Nicola were found to be identical. However, two PVYNTN isolates and all the other probed PVY samples showed unique patterns, suggesting specific differences at the nucleotide level. This method enabled specific identification of individual isolates variability even within different PVY strains. Keywords: Potato virus Y, Solanum tuberosum L, immunocapture RT-PCR, virus genome Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 278-280 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10469-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10469-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10469-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), A-1226 Vienna, Austria Title: Susceptibility of Austrian apricot and peach cultivars to Abstract: 1548 stone fruit trees (1435 trees of P. armeniaca, 113 trees of P. persica) were examined by PCR for ESFY to get information on spread and susceptibility of cultivars and rootstocks used in Austrian stone fruit production. Cultivar susceptibility seems to be less important for tolerance to ESFY than rootstock resistance. Apricot cultivars on rootstocks of myrobalan, commonly used in Austria, are more infected than cultivars on plum rootstocks. Data on peach and apricot rootstocks are not representative as both are not commonly used in Austrian apricot production. In addition, the presence of peroxidase activity in shoot sieve tubes of infected apricot trees (Hungarian Best) reveals that peroxidase is involved in defense mechanisms in plant-pathogen interaction. Keywords: ESFY, stone fruit trees, cultivar susceptibility, rootstock susceptibility, Austria Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 281-284 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10467-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10467-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10467-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Válová Author-Name: R. Fialová Author-Name: M. Navrátil Author-Name: J. Fránová Author-Name: M. Šimková Author-Name: J. Nebesářová Title: Weed hosts of phytoplasmas in the Czech Republic Abstract: The research was focused on wild plants that represent possible sources of phytoplasma infection. Thirteen species of wild herbaceous plants with symptoms of shoot proliferation, phyllody, virescence, sterility or yellowing have been collected from different locations of the Czech Republic. To detect and identify phytoplasmas, plants were subjected to electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, PCR, and RFLP analysis. There were phytoplasma positive species: Matricaria chamomilla, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Silene latifolia ssp. alba, Stellaria media, Taraxacum officinale, Thlaspi arvense, Tragopogon pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium hybridum, Tripleurospermum maritimum, and Verbascum densiflorum. All the phytoplasmas detected were identified as belonging to the aster yellows group (subgroup 16SrI-B and 16SrI-C). With regard to a relatively high incidence of positively tested plants from several locations, Trifolium species are considered to be one of the most important natural reservoirs of aster yellows phytoplasma within the Czech Republic. Keywords: Matricaria chamomilla, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Silene latifolia ssp. alba, Stellaria media, Taraxacum officinale, Thlaspi arvense, Tragopogon pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium hybridum, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Verbascum densiflorum, aster yellows phytoplasma, PCR, RFLP, TEM, DAPI staining Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 285-287 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10468-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10468-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10468-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Waleron Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Protection & Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology UG & AMG, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland * Author-Name: K. Waleron Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Protection & Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology UG & AMG, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland * Author-Name: E. Łojkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Protection & Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology UG & AMG, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland * Title: Genotypic characterisation of the Erwinia genus by PCR-RFLP analysis of rpoS gene Abstract: Genotypic characterisation of the members of the genus Erwinia, based on the PCR-RFLP analysis of a fragment of the rpoS gene was done. PCR primers deduced from described rpoS gene sequences of E. carotovora allowed the amplification of about 880 bp DNA fragments from all tested Erwinia species. The rpoS fragments, amplified from 20 species of the studied Erwinia genus, were compared by RFLP analysis with 4 enzymes (AluI, Hin6I, HinfI, and Tru1I). Restriction analysis allowed drawing 63 common profiles of RFLP products for all tested Erwinia. From 1 to 3 specific RFLP profiles were identified among most of the species tested. However, in two cases: E. chrysanthemi and E. c. subsp. carotovora 15 and 20 specific RFLP groups were detected, respectively. High variability of genetic profiles of the E. chrysanthemi and E. c. subsp. carotovora can be explained by the wide spectrum of plants, which they infect. The results indicated that rpoS PCR-RFLP analysis is a useful tool for identification of species and subspecies belonging to the former Erwinia genus, as well as for differentiation of strains within E. c. subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi. Keywords: Erwinia, fingerprinting, PCR-RFLP, rpoS Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 288-290 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10470-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10470-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10470-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Kokošková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: R. Jeřabková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Title: Immunochemical, biochemical and pathogenic properties of fluidal and intermediate strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Abstract: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), causing ring rot of potato, is a quarantine bacterium. According to colony morphology, Cms occurs mostly as fluidal (smooth), but sometime as intermediate (rough, i.e. less fluidal) variants, too. Commercial monoclonal antibodies (Agdia, USA) were used for determination of 40 Cms strains representing both forms. All Cms strains were reliably identified by IFAS, but atypical cells were sometime recorded in population of intermediate strains. The fluidal Cms strains were more reliably identified using DAS-ELISA and the Biolog GP MicroPlate SystemTM than intermediate strains. The intermediate Cms strains had decreased metabolic activity compared with fluidal strains and that is why they were identified only to the genera or to the species level or not identified. The differences among fluidal and intermediate Cms strains were recorded also in bioassay on eggplants. The intermediate Cms strains caused atypical or no symptoms with comparison to fluidal strains. Keywords: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, ring rot of potato, ELISA, IFAS, Biolog, bioassay Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 291-293 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10471-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10471-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10471-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Bryxiová Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: V. Kůdela Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Title: Detection of bacterial wilt pathogen of lucerne by PCR Abstract: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay was compared with assay involving traditional microbiological tests to detect and identify Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus (Cmi) inside plant tissues following artificial inoculations. Primers for Cmi detection were selected from the Cmi insertion sequence IS 1122. External disease symptoms on the tops and histological symptoms on the cross-sections of the roots were evaluated visually and microscopically during two years after inoculation. Extracts were prepared from samples collected from the tops and roots of lucerne plants for both PCR and microbiological analyses. Colonies which morphologically resemble to be Cmi were tested using PCR. Cmi bacteria were detected in stem and root tissues using both methods. The PCR can rapidly detect Cmi in lucerne plants showing histological disease symptoms on the cross-sections of the roots. Further work is needed to detect reliably Cmi in lucerne plants with latent infections and in infected seeds or contaminated seed lots. Keywords: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, bacterial wilt, detection, polymerase chain reaction, PCR, insertion sequence Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 294-296 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10472-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10472-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0015.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10472-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.M. Abou-Zeid Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: H. Halila Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: M.S. Khalil Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Title: Characterization by RAPD-PCR of races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri infecting chickpea Abstract: Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri from chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.) can be characterized as races and wilt and yellowing pathotypes by pathogenicity tests on varieties of differentials chickpea. This study shows that, DNA bands generated by RAPD-PCR can be used to assign Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri isolates to pathotype and pathogenic race. Keywords: Cicer arietnum L., fusarium wilt, identification, RAPD-PCR analysis, genetic finger print Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 297-301 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10475-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10475-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0016.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10475-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Shaukat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA * Author-Name: L.J. Francl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA * Title: Race structure of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates obtained from wheat in South America Abstract: Knowledge of genetic variation in a pathogen population contributes to breeding for disease resistance. The fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, cause of tan spot of wheat, is an important foliar pathogen worldwide. Currently, eight races have been identified in the fungal population prevalent on wheat and alternative hosts. Races 1 through 6 have been observed in North America. However, the fungal population from South America has not been characterized as to race. In this study, 48 single-spore isolates of P. tritici-repentis, recovered from wheat, were obtained from Argentina (10), Brazil (23), and Uruguay (15). Isolates were tested by inoculating individually on 2-leaf stage seedlings of the wheat differentials Glenlea, Katepwa, ND495, 6B365, M-3, and Salamouni in the greenhouse. They were grouped into different races based on necrosis and chlorosis induction on the differentials. Isolates from Argentina were grouped into races 1 and 7; from Brazil into races 1 and 8; and, from Uruguay into races 1 and 2. Results indicate that P. tritici-repentis has a diverse population on wheat in South America. More isolates are under investigation to obtain a comprehensive virulence pattern of the pathogen population in South America. Wheat lines should be screened against all known races to achieve durable resistance in a cultivar release program. The P. tritici-repentis race structure on wheat in Europe needs to be determined, as the pathogen has become a concern for wheat breeders and pathologists. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, yellow spot Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 302-304 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10473-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10473-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0017.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10473-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Piwoni Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection & Quarantine, Agricultural University, Lublin, Poland Title: Trichoderma polysporum as possible weak pathogen of tulip bulbs and roots Abstract: In the spring 2000, on tulip plantations in south-eastern Poland, spots of died-off plants were observed. The inhibited growth, wilting of leaves and yellowish necrosis on roots and scales surface occurred especially in low-lying areas. Mycological analysis indicated the presence of Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai on the bulbs and roots of all tested plant samples. Pathogenicity test of 7 T. polysporum isolates was carried out on forced tulips cv. Merry Christmas in flower pots. After flowering, brownish necrosis (covering 5-30% of the surface) on the bulbs and roots were observed, as well as white-yellowish mycelium heaps of T. polysporum. Typical Trichoderma symptoms on above-ground plant parts like light-gray leaves tips were not observed. Keywords: Trichoderma polysporum, tulip, pathogenicity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 305-307 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10474-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10474-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0018.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10474-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Sabo Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia * Author-Name: T. Đurić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia * Author-Name: S. Jasnić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia * Title: Fusarium fungi as a pathogen causing hop wilt Abstract: Foliar chlorosis and wilting of plants have been noticed in many hop gardens around the Vojvodina Province, Yugoslavia. Fusarium fungi have been isolated most frequently from samples of infected plants. They appear to be predominantly responsible for the observed infections. The fungi first colonize the underground plants parts (roots, crown and rootstocks) and the basal part of the stem, from where disperse and attack the neighboring vascular tissues. The interrupted delivery of water and nutrients to the terminal plant parts causes chlorosis, necrosis and wilting first of the apical leaves and then of lower leaves. The infected bins are thinner than the healthy ones and are easily snapped from the underground parts. If infected, individual bins or entire plants may wilt. Laboratory researched and pathogenicity tests revealed several Fusarium species: F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. acuminatum as the causal agents of hop wilting. F. oxysporum and F. culmorum were most frequently isolated. Keywords: Fusarium, hops Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 308-310 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10476-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10476-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0019.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10476-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Weber Title: Some characteristics of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici originated from Poznań region Abstract: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici 39 isolates originated from Poznań region were used. Mycelium linear growth of the isolates varied from 3.1 to 7.3 mm/day. Variability of the isolates in pathogenicity was high and their susceptibility to fungicide Latitude 125 FS was very high. Mycelium linear growth rate was not correlated with both pathogenicity and susceptibility to the fungicide of the pathogen isolates. Keywords: take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, wheat, pathogenicity, fungicide, susceptibility Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 311-318 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10477-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10477-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10477-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.M. Abou-Zeid Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12619 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: I.H. Dorriah Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12619 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: A.A. Marwa Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 12619 Giza, Cairo, Egypt Title: Application of molecular methods for characterization of Botrytis fabae and Botrytis cinerea of faba bean Abstract: Application of the RAPD methods allowed to clearly characterization of isolates of Botrytis fabae and isolates of B. cinerea. Results from RAPD-PCR analysis indicate different groups. Clusters were related with groups based on conidial morphology, morphological characters of the isolates of Botrytis spp. Keywords: Vicia faba, Botrytis fabae, Botrytis cinerea, identification, RAPD-PCR analysis, genetic finger print Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 314-318 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10479-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10479-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0021.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10479-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Gajda Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Protection and Author-Name: H. Kurzawińska Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Protection and Author-Name: P. Muras Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Protection and Title: Fungi settling seedlings of Stewartia pseudocamelia (Max.) Abstract: Stewartia pseudocamelia is one of more attractive of ornamental bushes. The main of decorative quality are: ornamental flowers, non-typical florescence (from end of June to August), original bark and attractive overcolouring of leaves in autumn season. Apart diseases affected Stewartia during vegetation period, the most dangerous are those which infest seedlings. The total number of 132 colonies of fungi were obtained from the sore seedlings of Stewartia. The isolates represented 19 species of thirteen genera. The most dominated of them were fungi of species: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cylindrocarpon radicicola, Fusarium avenaceum and F. oxysporum. These above-mentioned fungi together with: Phytophthora cinnamomi, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium debaryanum belonged to the group of dominants and consistued 79.02% of total community. Keywords: fungi, seedlings, Stewartia pseudocamelia Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 319-321 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10478-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10478-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10478-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.B. Moliszewska Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Applied and Experimental Biology, University of Opole, 45-035 Opole, Poland Author-Name: J.H.M. Schneider Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Applied and Experimental Biology, University of Opole, 45-035 Opole, Poland Title: Some pathogenic properties of Rhizoctonia solani to sugar beet seedlings Abstract: Rhizoctonia solani causes various diseases in many crops world wide, it also causes losses in sugar beet grown in Poland and the Netherlands. In this research three isolates of R. solani was tested, two AG5 and one AG4. They differed in pathogenic activity in field and laboratory tests. The AG5 isolates were weak pathogenic but caused the decrease of cotyledons and first pair of leaves dimension. The AG4 isolate caused totally pre-emergence damping-off and its activity was the result of mycelium colonization ability and fungus metabolites activity. Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani, sugar beet, plant dimension decrease, pathogenicity, culture filtrate Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 322-324 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10480-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10480-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10480-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Budzikur-Ramza Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Author-Name: M. Bartyńska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Title: From researches on the healthiness of gladiolus (Gladiolus sp. L.) corms in reproduction crops Abstract: The results of laboratory and field tests are presented. An effect of the quality of vegetative reproduction material of gladiolus cultivar's Wars on spouting and growing of young plants as well as on the healthiness and quality of progeny corms are analysed. In addition, corm diseases are diagnosed and corresponding pathogens are identified. Keywords: gladiolus (sword lily), fungi, quality and healthiness Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 325-328 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10481-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10481-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10481-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kowalik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Author-Name: M. Gródek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Title: Effect of fungicides on the growth of fungi isolated from in vitro propagated fruit-bearing plants Abstract: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of fungicides: Topsin M 70 WG, Bravo 500 SC, and Sportak 45 EC in two concentrations on the growth of fungi: Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Mortierella isabellina and Penicillium verrucosum var. verrucosum on PDA and Murashige-Skoog medium (MS). The smallest index of linear growth rate of the fungi had Topsin M 70 WG for fungi: E. purpurascens and P. verrucosum var. verrucosum on PDA and MS medium and for M. isabellina and C. sphaerospermum on MS in concentrations of 71.42 mg/l and 107.13 mg/l. The highest index of linear growth had Bravo 500 SC in concentrations of 0.5 ml/l and 0.75 ml/l on PDA for E. purpurascens and A. niger. The lowest index of linear growth on MS for E. purpurascens, C. sphaerospermum and P. verrucosum var. verrucosum was noted down. The highest effectiveness in control of linear growth all tested species of fungi was found for fungicide Sportak 45 EC in concentration of 0.55 ml/l and 0.825 ml/l on MS and PDA. Among all tested fungicides used in vitro propagation fungicides from imidazoles group are recommended. Keywords: fungi, fungicides, in vitro, micopropagation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 329-331 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10482-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10482-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10482-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mazur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Author-Name: J. Nawrocki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Author-Name: J. Kućmierz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Title: Fungal diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivated in the south region of Poland Abstract: The investigations carried out in the last years showed that weather conditions were conductive to growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Poland. Our experiments started since 2000 on two cultivars Myles and Sanford. Evans replaced cv. Sanford in second year. The results pointed to the cv. Myles as generally healthiest and the percentage of infested plants was 3.2% in the first year and 0.92% in the next year. The experiment showed that the most important threats for plants during vegetation season were fungi from the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, isolated most often from roots. The basal parts of the stems affected mainly Alternaria genus. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria sp. attack most frequently pods and seeds. Keywords: chickpea, healthiness, fungi Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 332-335 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10483-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10483-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10483-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Nawrocki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Author-Name: S. Mazur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Author-Name: J. Kućmierz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Title: Influence of nitrogen fertilizing on occurrence of fungi infecting parsley seedling roots (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) Abstract: The three years experiments based on parsley roots of cultivars: Omega, Berlińska and Vistula. Nitrogen fertilizer was used in different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha). Results of autumn analysis indicate that differentiated nitrogen fertilizing has no significant effect on health status of parsley roots. Spring examinations showed increase percentage of ill roots. Lower root infestation of each cultivar was in the combinations: 100 kg/ha and control without nitrogen fertilizations. Omega showed the best soundness. Experiments indicated that cultivar plays a more significant role than nitrogen fertilizing level. From ill parsley roots, the most often were isolated fungi: Alternaria radicina, Fusarium ave-naceum and F. oxysporum during spring; bacteria and fungi species: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria radicina. Keywords: parsley root, nitrogen fertilizing, fungi, root rot Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 336-339 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10484-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10484-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10484-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. JANUŠAUSKAITÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Academy Dotnuva, LT-5051, Kédainiai District, Lithuania Title: Epidemiology of Septoria leaf blotch on spring triticale in West Lithuania Abstract: The effects of environmental conditions on the dynamics of Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria nodorum (Berk.) E. Castell et. Germano, incidence and severity on the spring triticale cv. Gabo were studied in 2000 and 2001 in littoral lowland of Lithuania. Disease assessments were carried out once a week from GS 31-32 to GS 81-83 on the three primary leaves. At milk ripening stage (GS 75) the incidence of Septoria on F leaves reached 44.9% in 2000 and 97.7% in 2001. The disease severity was 3.5% in the first year, and 11.5% in the second year. Comparison of 2 years' data revealed that whether conditions had a marked effect on the manner of disease development. Keywords: spring triticale, Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria nodorum (Berk.), incidence, severity, development Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 338-390 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10502-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10502-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10502-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Odstrčilová Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., 787 01 Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Ondřej Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., 787 01 Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Kocourková Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., 787 01 Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Růžičková Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., 787 01 Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Monitoring of incidence and determination of fungi on caraway, fennel, coriander and anise, consideration of disease importance and possibility of chemical protection Abstract: The incidence of fungi on caraway (Carum carvi L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) was observed on several localities in the Czech Republic. Incidence of 26 parasitic and saprophytic fungi were found on fennel, 35 species on coriander, 21 species on anise and 34 species on caraway. Small plot trials of spices were evaluated during the whole growing season. The fungicides in caraway were applied in different growth stages. The test results showed high effectiveness of autumn and early spring applications on the most dangerous pathogen of caraway - Mycocentrospora acerina. Three fungicides were tested in fennel field trials showing sufficient force against pathogenic fungus Cercosporidium punctum. The complex of root fungi causes the serious damage of coriander. Foliar application of fungicides did not present adequate effect. Four growth regulators were tested, but all of them increased incidence of fungi Fusarium sp. and Alternaria alternata. Keywords: spices, caraway, Carum carvi, coriander, Coriandrum sativum, fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, anise, Pimpinella anisum, fungi, fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 340-343 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10485-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10485-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10485-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Szczeponek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Author-Name: S. Mazur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Title: investigation of fungi infesting the caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) in the south region of Poland Abstract: Studies on the incidence the caraway seeds for pathogen infestation and test the pathogenicity of isolated fungi to caraway seedlings were carried out. A total of 383 fungi were isolated from seeds with evident symptoms of disease and without symptoms of disease. In this case a complex of different pathogens was isolated, among which Alternaria, Fusarium and Epicoccum were predominant. Pathogenicity assay on caraway seedlings was performed using isolates originating from caraway seeds. All tested fungi showed a very high aggressiveness in pathogenicity test. Keywords: caraway, fruits, healthiness, pathogenicity, fungi Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 344-346 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10486-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10486-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10486-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Machowicz-Stefaniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, University of Agriculture, 20-069 Lublin, Poland * Author-Name: E. Zalewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, University of Agriculture, 20-069 Lublin, Poland * Author-Name: B. Zimowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, University of Agriculture, 20-069 Lublin, Poland * Title: Fungi colonizing various organs of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in South-East Poland Abstract: On one-year-old and two-year-old plantations of lemon balm observations on the occurrence of plants showing symptoms of fungal diseases were made in 1998-2001. Many fungi were isolated from roots, stem bases and leaves separately on mineral medium. Species of Fusarium, Phoma and Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from the roots and stem bases whereas Alternaria alternata, Phoma spp., Septoria melissae and Botrytis cinerea were most often isolated from the leaves showing symptoms of necrosis. Keywords: lemon balm, fungi, occurrence Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 347-350 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10487-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10487-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10487-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Tesařová Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: J. Lucinio Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Title: Detection of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by PCR Abstract: It is indispensable to have accurate and speedy method of nematodes detection considering their great deal of malignancy nematodes. For identification of Meloidogyne incognita genetic primers were designed and the procedure was attested by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Keywords: genus Meloidogyne, PCR, primer, extraction Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 351-353 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10491-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10491-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0032.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10491-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Urek Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Author-Name: S. Širca Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Author-Name: V. Meglič Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Title: Morphological characteristics and distribution of Globodera species in Slovenia Abstract: Surveillance on cyst nematodes in Slovenia started already in 1963. We have found Globodera rostochiensis for the first time in 1971 and for the second time in 1975 (two cysts). In 1999 cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode were found again. A small hot spot was detected along the Slovene Austrian border. Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field. In 2001 we surveyed 194 fields with the surface of 468.29 ha. We discovered another hot spot of Globodera rostochiensis in the Central Slovenia. Cysts of Globodera achilleae are seldom discovered in Slovenia. During the period between 1980 and 2000 we extracted altogether 206 cysts. In 2001 we found three fields where we extracted at first seven cysts. With more detailed survey we extracted another 30 cysts. In a few soil samples taken from the imported potatoes from Italy we have intercepted cysts of Globodera pallida. For that reason shipments were returned. In a similar way in 2002 shipments from Croatia were returned because of G. rostochiensis presence. Specimens of Globodera rostochiensis and G. achilleae species found in Slovenia were morphometricaly handeled. Keywords: cyst nematodes, Globodera, Slovenia, morphology, geographical distribution Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 354-357 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10488-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10488-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0033.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10488-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: M. Marek Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: J. Lucinio Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic * Title: Using point mutations in rDNA for differentiation of bioraces of Ditylenchus dipsaci from the Czech Republic Abstract: Ditylenchus dipsaci is one of the most harmful parasitic nematodes in Central Europe. It is able to survive for long time in soil without its host plants and that is why it belongs to organisms with quarantine importance. Nothing is known about D. dipsaci distribution in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to collect samples of D. dipsaci from the Czech Republic and to identify them by molecular methods. Region of rDNA including 3'end of 18 S gene, ITS1, 5,8 S gene, ITS2 and 5'end of 26 S gene was amplified using general primers designed according to the DNA sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans. The amplicon (900 bp) was analyzed by RFLP and SSCP. Restriction endonucleases Eco R1, Hinc II and Alu 1 can be used for differentiation of certain bioraces of D. dipsaci. At the same time methods for DNA extraction from plant material and contaminated soil were optimized. Keywords: Ditylenchus dipsaci, DNA, SSCP, RFLP, PCR, biorace, differentiation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 358-360 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10490-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10490-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0034.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10490-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Patkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 20-069 Lublin, Poland Author-Name: D. Pięta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 20-069 Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Pastucha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 20-069 Lublin, Poland Title: Communities of bacteria and fungi occurring in the rhizosphere of winter wheat Abstract: The purpose of the present studies was to establish the species composition of fungi occurring on the underground parts of winter wheat, Kobra cv. and to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms developing in the rhizosphere of this plant. The mycological analysis of the infected roots and the stem base of winter wheat gave 320 fungi isolates. Fusarium spp. were most frequently isolated, and their proportion was 64.7% of all the fungi. This genus was represented by F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani. Among these species the dominating ones were F. avenaceum (19.4%) and F. culmorum (38.7%). The microbiological analysis of winter wheat rhizosphere gave the highest number of total bacteria (6.32 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil). The number of Pseudomonas pp. was 3.56 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil, and the number of Bacillus spp. was 2.42 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil. Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani dominated within pathogenic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of winter wheat. Keywords: winter wheat, rhizosphere, Fusarium spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 361-363 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10489-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10489-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0035.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10489-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Slováková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Dávidová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Title: Annual herbs - possible reservoirs of sharka disease? Abstract: Nineteen annuals - herbaceous indicators - were used for elucidation of Plum pox potyvirus seed transmission possibility after artificial inoculation with 9 different naturally infected PPV M and D strain sources. The seeds of positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tested herbaceous indicators were collected and planted for germination. Successful seed transmission was detected after ELISA in 3 weeks old plants as follows: Nicotiana benthamiana 3.75% (source of PPV M Prunus domestica L. cv. unknown); N. clevelandii 3.5% (source of PPV M P. armeniaca (L.) Batsch cv. V 66052); N. benthamiana 8.42% and N. acuminata 1.97% (source of PPV D P. domestica L. cv. Althane); N. benthamiana 12.73% (source of PPV M P. domestica L. cv. Bystrická); N. acuminata 1.84% and N. occidentalis 15.1% (source of PPV D Rubus fruticosus Agg.); N. occidentalis 19.23% (source of PPV M Juglans regia L. isolate O 15); N. occidentalis 12.0% (source of PPV M J. regia L. isolate H1). These preliminary results suggest that PPV seed transmission by annual species may serve as a potential source of a virus spreading to the new plantations of the stone fruit trees by aphids transmission. Keywords: Plum pox potyvirus, herbaceous indicators, annuals, seed transmission, ELISA Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 364-366 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10492-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10492-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0036.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10492-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Šubíková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Kollerová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Slováková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Title: Occurrence of nepoviruses in small fruits and fruit trees in Slovakia Abstract: A survey of nepoviruses in small fruits and fruit trees in thirteen localities of Slovakia was undertaken during the last three years. The samples of spontaneously infected small fruits and fruit trees with symptoms such as leaf yellowing, mottling, chlorotic spotting, vein clearing, chlorosis, dwarfing, and in some cases even plant dying, were analysed. Virus identification in collected samples from affected crops was performed by ELISA using polyclonal antibodies. The following quarantine nepoviruses were detected: Tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Tomato ringspot nepovirus, Tomato black ring nepovirus, Raspberry ringspot nepovirus, Cherry leafroll nepovirus and Arabis mosaic nepovirus. Screening of virus vector nematodes in the rhizosphere of infected plants was also undertaken. Three Longidorus (L. elongatus, L. picenus and L. leptocephalus) and four Xiphinema phytonematode species (X. vuittenezi, X. diversicaudatum, X. taylori and X. pachtaicum) were recorded in localities tested. Keywords: nepovirus, phytonematode, nematode transmission of viruses Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 367-369 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10493-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10493-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0037.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10493-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mehner Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Author-Name: B. Manurung Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Author-Name: D. Schmidt Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Author-Name: M. Grüntzig Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Author-Name: W. Witsack Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Author-Name: E. Fuchs Author-Workplace-Name: *Institute of Plant Breeding and Plant Protection and Title: Population dynamics of the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus Dahlb. and two-year investigations into the occurrence of Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) in crops of winter barley located in the Middle German Dry Region, Germany Abstract: From 2000 to 2001 the population dynamics of Psammotettix alienus Dahlb. were recorded using a sweep-net or a biocoenometer. The investigations were carried out in Zscherben near Halle (Middle German Dry Region). The imagines of the first generation of P. alienus could be observed for the first time at the beginning of May (2000) and at the end of May (2001), respectively. According to our results, in this area three generations of P. alienus are developed. In both years of our observations the barley-strain of Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) occurred. The main important infections appeared in autumn. Furthermore, during the whole period of our investigations the percentage of viruliferous individuals which were caught was recorded by means of a biological test. In June this percentage achieved 84.0% (2000) and 76.7% (2001), respectively. In the course of summer months of both years the percentage of viruliferous P. alienus decreased. In autumn of the year 2000 an increasing portion followed once again. However, in the year 2001 a continual reduction from > 70% in June to < 5% in late autumn could be observed. Keywords: Wheat dwarf virus, WDV, Psammotettix alienus Dahlb Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 370-374 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10494-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10494-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0038.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10494-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.V. Koroteyeva Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Biological Faculty, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Author-Name: V.P. Polischuk Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Biological Faculty, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Title: Orchid viruses of natural Ukrainian flora Abstract: Virus infection greatly affects to the normal growth and reproductive intensity of orchid species in greenhouses. Peculiarities of ornamental orchid viruses has become known in different countries of the world while there is nothing known about orchid virus infection in natural flora of Europe, for example in Ukraine. After extensive virus detection of natural orchids of Ukraine (Carpathians, Crimea), some viruses infecting these plants in their natural inhabitance were determined. Keywords: orchid virus, terrestrial orchids, indirect ELISA, DAS-ELISA Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 375-377 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10495-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10495-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0039.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10495-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.I. Ansari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Author-Name: N. Palacios Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Author-Name: C. Araya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Author-Name: T. Langin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Author-Name: D. Egan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Author-Name: F.M. Doohan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Resource Management, UCD, Dublin-4, Ireland Title: Genetic variation between Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates Abstract: We characterized the genetic diversity of seventy-three C. lindemuthianum isolates collected from 10 different countries by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The results of this research highlighted the fact that there is huge variation in the genetic diversity between isolates from different countries. The molecular profile of the isolates showed correlation with geographic origin of the isolates. Keywords: anthracnose, Phaseolus vulgaris, phylogenetics Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 378-380 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10496-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10496-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0040.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10496-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Bankina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology and Protection, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, LV 3001 Latvia Title: Tan spot development peculiarities in Latvia Abstract: Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., anamorph Drechslera tritici-repentis is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world, especially in the regions of intensive wheat growing. Tan spot had established for the first time in Latvia in 1994. Epidemic of this disease was observed in Latvia in 1998. Development of tan spot were investigated in field experiments at the Research and Training Farm "Peterlauki" of Latvia University of Agriculture in 1998-2001. Level of incidence and severity of tan spot differed depending on varieties and years. Severity of the disease was 16-71% in 1999; 0.1-5% in 2000 and 4-18% in 2001 depending on varieties at the time of ripening. 1999 summer was extremely dry, and development of disease was not observed. Explosion of disease was observed at the second half of June in 2000 and 2001, without reference to varieties. Date of increasing start differed, but in all cases important development was observed after flowering. Rate of increasing of disease was very high, during two weeks severity of disease increased from 0.1 till maximum of severity. Amount and frequency of rainy differed in 2000 and 2001, but increase on disease was very similar, it means, we need more information about favourable conditions for Drechslera tritici-repentis. Sexual stage Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was observed in Latvia for the first time. Further investigations are necessary, because relationships between meteorological conditions and stages of development are unclear. Keywords: Drechslera tritici-repentis, dynamic of disease, overwintering Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 381-383 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10497-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10497-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0041.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10497-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Brazauskiene Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Academy Dotnuva, LT-5051, Kédainiai District, Lithuania * Author-Name: E. Petraitiene Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Academy Dotnuva, LT-5051, Kédainiai District, Lithuania * Title: Dark leaf and pod spot (Alternaria brassicae) on oilseeds (Brassica napus) in Lithuania Abstract: Dark leaf and pod spot caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. is a serious problem both in winter and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Lithuania. According to ten years' data, the spread of this disease on winter oilseed rape siliques was 31.2-100%, and the severity 3.4-25.0%. The cultivars Ceres, Accord and Kasimir were used in the trials. Through the years 1997-2001 the incidence of Alternaria blight on spring oilseed rape (cv. Star and Maskot) was 94.5-100% and the severity 1.5-20.5%. Every year the severity of the disease was highly influenced by the meteorological conditions - precipitation and temperature. Fungicides, used at the end of flowering stage (DC 69) or when the first spots of the disease appeared on pods, were effective against dark pod spot. Keywords: Alternaria blight, incidence and severity, prochloraze, tebuconazole Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 384-387 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10498-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10498-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0042.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10498-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.K. Khramtsov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, Minsk, 220050, Belarus * Author-Name: A.S. Shukanov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, Minsk, 220050, Belarus * Author-Name: V.D. Polyksenova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, Minsk, 220050, Belarus * Title: Morphotypes of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. in the conditions of Belarus Abstract: Studies in all three agroclimatic regions of Belarus have allowed us to obtain more then 100 isolates of B. cinerea causing gray mold of many plants. The isolates were shown to belong to the three cultural-morphological groups such as mycelial, sporulating and sclerotial. Mycelial isolates (48.5%) concerned by some researchers as the high pathogenic group prevail over other two groups. Nutritive substrate was proved not to determine the formation of strictly definite morphotype. The rate of radial growth of B. cinerea colonies reveals no correlation with morphological peculiarities of these. Strict regularities in the forming of spores and sclerotia were not established when characterizing isolates from different cultural groups what indicates the presence of transitional forms between detected ones. Thus, population of B. cinerea in Belarus conditions is morpho-physiologically diverse. Keywords: fungi, Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr., pathogen, populations, isolates, morphotype, mycelial, sporulating, sclerotial, radial growth Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 391-394 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10503-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10503-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0043.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10503-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. SHIDLAUSKIENÉ Author-Name: E. SURVILIENÉ Title: Distribution and pathogenic peculiarities of fungi of the Alternaria genus on vegetable crops in Lithuania Abstract: In 1999-2001 the investigation of Alternaria species on vegetable crops: cabbage, cucumber, tomato and carrot was carried out and fungi species were isolated from vegetables and substrata used for plant cultivation. Isolated micromycetes: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria cucurbitae, Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina and Alternaria solani differed in pathogenic peculiarities, frequency of occurrence and their various reaction to fungicides (a.s. azoxystrobin, dichlofluanid, Cooper hydroxide, mancozeb, propamocarb hydrochloride), plant activator Bion (benzothadiazole) and antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces griseoviridis). Keywords: Alternaria spp., alternaria leaf blight, cabbage seed plant, carrot, cucumber, tomato, Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces griseoviridis, pesticides, frequency of occurrence Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 395-398 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10504-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10504-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10504-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Valiushkaite Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Laboratory, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania Title: Investigation of biological peculiarities of Blumeriella jaapii Abstract: Leaf spot pathogen is characterized as a highly developed parasite after investigation of development peculiarities of the fungus in pure culture and natural conditions. The degree of correlation depended on the medium. Impact of incubation temperature on Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx growth was different. Fungi colonies formed more intensively and their diameter increased significantly under higher temperature. Optimal conditions for the disease prevalence are 15-20°C and moisture. Relative humidity and precipitation influenced maturation of ascomycetes and discharge of ascospores (r = +0.89). Microscopic analysis of leaves showed that during winter thaw, when the average temperature is about 0 ± 5°C and relative humidity is higher than 70%, was possible to detect mature ascomycetes and conidia. It is possible to affirm that lower temperature than it was assumed is sufficient for formation of ascomycetes. Keywords: Blumeriella jaapii, sour cherry, cherry leaf spot, medium, mycelium, growth speed, conditions Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 399-401 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10505-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10505-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0045.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10505-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Voženílková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic * Author-Name: F. Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic * Title: Evaluation of fusarioses in selected grass species Abstract: In the years 1999-2001 we observed the spread and harmful effects of pathogenic fungi causing the dying of some grass species in permanent grass growths. The most common and frequent cause of the dying (winter freezing injury) is the fungus Microdochium nivale known also as Fusarium nivale, or Gerlachia nivalis (imperfect stage) - snow mould. The evaluation was carried out in dominant species (Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus mollis) in permanent grass growths in the central part of the Bohemian Forest (locality Zhůří (1050-1080 m a.s.l.). The experiment involved three treatments: (1) Mulched growth (mulched only once), (2) Unharvested growth (fallow land) and (3) Mown growth (mown once in a year). The phytopathological evaluation took place during the vegetation periods in of 1999-2001 at three particular times (May, June, July). Our investigation has shown the most considerable development of the fungi of the genus Fusarium in the unharvested growth with serious decline of Festuca rubra, which deteriorates the conditions for subsequent fodder crops. On the other hand, the mown growth showed the least extent of fungi-attacked dominant grass species. The least occurrence of harmful Fusarium sp. div. disease (fusariosis) was found in Deschampsia cespitosa whereas the most serious damage occurred in Festuca rubra. From the viewpoint of temporal dynamics of fungal disease, the increase took place at the beginning of the second (1999) and first (2000, 2001) decade of May. In the tested dominant grasses we determined the genus Fusarium as the cause of fungal disease. Apart from further undetermined species, Microdochium nivale and Fusarium solani were the most frequent species. Keywords: Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus mollis, Fusarium sp. div Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 402-405 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10506-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10506-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0046.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10506-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.M. Hietala Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432 Ås, Norway * Author-Name: M. Eikenes Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432 Ås, Norway * Author-Name: M. Kvaalen Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432 Ås, Norway * Author-Name: H. Solheim Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432 Ås, Norway * Author-Name: C.G. Fossdal Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432 Ås, Norway * Title: Comparison of multiplex real-time PCR and ergosterol assays in quantifying Heterobasidion annosum in planta Abstract: A quantitative multiplex real-time PCR procedure was developed to monitor the dynamics in Norway spruce-Heterobasidion annosum pathosystem. The assay reliably detected down to 1 pg of H. annosum DNA and 1 ng of host DNA in multiplex conditions. As a comparative method for quantifying fungal colonization, we applied the ergosterol assay. There was a very high correlation between the results obtained with the two methods, this strengthening the credibility of both assays. The advantages and disadvantages of these assays are discussed. Keywords: Heterobasidion, Norway spruce, infection, quantification Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 406-407 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10507-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10507-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0047.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10507-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Manninger Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, Hungary Title: Occurrence and virulence of wheat yellow rust in Hungary during 1999-2001 Abstract: The occurrence and virulence of wheat yellow rust in Hungary was studied in the period of 1999-2001. Yellow rust in Hungary occurred only in traces in 1999, strongly spread and reached epidemic level in Röjtökmuzsaj (West Hungary) in 2000, and the epidemic explosion was in the whole country in 2001. Surveys of yellow rust showed the importance of pathotypes, whose virulence spectra (virulent for Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, YrA+, YrCV, YrSD) were able to math the unknown resistance genes. Among 78 Hungarian and foreign cultivars 29 were strongly infected by yellow rust. Keywords: wheat, cultivar, yellow rust, Puccinia striiformis, virulence, avirulence, susceptible, resistance gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 408-410 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10508-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10508-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0048.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10508-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Marková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biodiversity of rust fungi in the Šumava (Bohemian Forest) and in the Krkonoše (Giant Mountains), Czech Republic Abstract: The occurrence and seasonal dynamics of rust fungi (Uredinales) on wild growing plants was investigated on eleven localities in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava Mts.) and on three localities in the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše Mts.). All studied localities are situated in the most strictly protected areas of the Czech National Parks (ecosystems of the mires, the glacial corries, and the arctic alpine tundra) that are considered the primary centres of biodiversity. The frequency of occurrence of the rust species is linked with the host plant diversity. It is also influenced by the human activity in specific places. The occurrence and the distribution of rusts are compared with available historical data. Several rust species are regular inhabitants of the natural ecosystems. The others follow the invasive host plant species. Keywords: rust fungi, Uredinales, biodiversity, Czech National Parks Šumava and Krkonoše Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 411-414 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10509-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10509-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0049.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10509-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Křístková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně - Workplace 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně - Workplace 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Sedláková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně - Workplace 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Duchoslav Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně - Workplace 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic Title: Distribution of cucurbit powdery mildew species in the Czech Republic Abstract: The occurrence of Erysiphe cichoracearum (Ec) and Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Sf), causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildewin the Czech Republic (CR) was studied in the period of 1995-2001. Nearly 800 leaf samples with disease symptomswere microscopically examined. Ec is the predominating species, detected on 98% of locations. It was accompanied by Sfon 24% of locations. The occurrence of Sf as the only powdery mildew species was proved on 2% of locations. Recentoccurrence of Sf in the CR corresponds with data on Sf fast spreading and prevailing on cucurbits in West and SouthEurope. However, Ec is the strongly predominating powdery mildew species largely distributed throughout the country.The hyperparasitic fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis was detected on 30% of samples. Keywords: Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Ampelomyces quisqualis, Cucurbitaceae, anamorphs, conidiamorphology, light microscopy Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 415-416 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10511-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10511-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0050.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10511-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Vida Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: L. Szunics Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: M. Gál Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: O. Veisz Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: Z. Bedő Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Title: Comparison of two wheat powdery mildew differential sets in seedling tests Abstract: Two wheat powdery mildew differential sets were tested in the seedling stage in the 2001/2002 season using 192 monoisolates. The data of genotypes carrying the same Pm gene in different genetic backgrounds were compared. Both varieties with gene Pm8 (Salzmünde14/44 and Disponent) were infected by all the isolates. Less than 10% of the isolates gave different responses on varieties with genes Pm2 and Pm3c (6 and 16, respectively). It is doubtful whether the degree of infection of genotypes carrying genes Pm1, Pm4b, Pm5, Pm6 or Pm7 can be compared, while it is completely impossible to compare the data for varieties from the old and new sets carrying genes Pm3a, Pm3b and Pm4a. Keywords: powdery mildew, wheat, differential set, virulence Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 417-420 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10510-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10510-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0051.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10510-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B.A. Fraaije Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathogen Interactions Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Herts, United Kingdom * Author-Name: D.J. Lovell Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathogen Interactions Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Herts, United Kingdom * Author-Name: S. Baldwin Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathogen Interactions Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Herts, United Kingdom * Title: Septoria epidemics on wheat: combined use of visual assessment and PCR-based diagnostics to identify mechanisms of disease escape Abstract: The effect of crop height on the epidemics of Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum was investigated using visual assessment and PCR-based assays. Based on the results of our study, the primary mechanism of disease escape in tall crops is through a reduction of spore arrival. Real-time PCR is an important tool to quantify spore arrival and can, in combination with visual assessment, identify factors involved in the onset and extent of disease development. Keywords: Septoria diseases, spore arrival, diseases escape and real-time PCR Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 421-424 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10512-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10512-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0052.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10512-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Rakhimova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, 480090 Almaty, Kazakhstan Title: Development and ultrastructure observations of secondary hyphae of Podosphaera leucotricha on apple cultivars of varying susceptibility to powdery mildew Abstract: The development and ultrastructure feature of secondary hyphae of Podosphaera leucotricha were studied using light and electron microscopy. The percentage of development and length of secondary hyphae, differed in compatible and incompatible combinations. In compatible host-parasite combinations, hyphal cells of powdery mildew fungus contained a full complement of fungal organelles. There were differences of hyphal ultrastructure in compatible and incompatible host-parasite combinations, the main one was the appearance of dense material inside the nucleus, in the cytoplasm, and a few mitochondria. Keywords: ultrastructure, hyphae, powdery mildew Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 425-428 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10513-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10513-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0053.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10513-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.T. Arroyo Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: F.J. Moreno Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: P. Daza Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: J. Torreblanca Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: G. García-Herdugo Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: B. De Los Santos Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: C. Barrau Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: C. Blanco Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: M. Porras Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: F. Romero Author-Workplace-Name: *C.I.F.A. Las Torres-tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200. Sevilla, Spain Title: Development of Colletotrichum acutatum in the foliar tissue of strawberry plants Abstract: Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, is one of the most destructive disease of this crop throughout the world. Assymptomatic stages in the plant have been the aim of this work. Inoculated leaves samples were taken at different times and they were processed for scanner electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conidial development on both surfaces leaves was determined. The ultrastructural study of fungus penetration into plant cell was characterized by the formation of vesicles over the fungus periphery and is a morphological parameter of the intense membranes traffic, also could be a evidence of a transcriptional activity and enzymatic cell secretion. Differences of symptoms on both surfaces of leaves were observed. Keywords: anthracnose, Colletotrichum acutatum, latent infection, ultrastructure Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 429-431 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10514-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10514-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0054.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10514-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Saniewska Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland Title: The role of gum induced by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Snyd. et Hans. f.sp. tulipae Apt. in tulip bulbs on growth and development of the pathogen Abstract: It was showed that gums induced by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae in tulip bulbs applied to mineral Czapek-Dox Broth with Bacto Agar (CzDA) medium, containing sucrose substantially stimulated abundant growth of mycelium and sporulation of the pathogen. Addition of arabinose, xylose and their mixture, sugars occurring in tulip gum polysaccharide, to CzDA medium caused that mycelium was very sparse and sporulation was only slightly stimulated by arabinose. Mycelium growth on mineral CzDA medium without sucrose, was poor and sparse but addition of gum to the medium caused formation of abundant mycelium and increased sporulation of the pathogen. It is possible that polysaccharide of tulip gum may act mainly as elicitor and partially as substrate in regulation of mycelium growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae. Keywords: tulip gums, arabinose, xylose, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae, growth, sporulation in vitro Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 432-435 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10515-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10515-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0055.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10515-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Sucharzewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland * Author-Name: M. Dynowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland * Title: Preliminary evaluation of the effect of Ampelomyces quisqualis on the degree of plant infestation with selected Erysiphales species proposed as potential bioindicators Abstract: In the year 2000 Ampelomyces quisqualis was noted, with various intensity, in north-eastern Poland on different species of Erysiphales selected as potential bioindicators of urban pollution. The results of observation of Erysiphe sordida (on Plantago major), Sphaeroteca erigerontis-canadensis (on Taraxacum officinale) and Microsphaera hypophylla (on Quercus robur) - susceptible species, and Microsphaera palczewskii (on Caragana arborescens) - a resistant species, suggest that A. quisqualis shows affinity to some hosts regardless of their individual reactions to the level and range of anthropopressure. It clearly prefers the genera: Erysiphe and Sphaerotheca. Its effect on the degree of host plant infestation with powdery mildew under natural conditions seems insignificant. Keywords: Ampelomyces quisqualis, host plants, urban pollution, powdery mildew, lesions Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 436-438 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10516-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10516-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0056.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10516-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Cwalina-Ambroziak Author-Workplace-Name: 0-722 Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of cropping system on a fungal community colonizing seeds of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) Abstract: The fungal population colonizing the seeds of fodder galega cultivated in pure stand was greater than that cultivated in mixed stand. No significant differences were observed in the species composition of the obtained fungal colonies. In all analyzed combinations, Alternaria alternata was predominantly isolated from the seeds. Other saprophytic fungi were represented by the following species: Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium cladosporioides as well as fungi representing genera Mucorales: Mucor hiemalis and Rhizopus nigricans. Among the pathogens, Botrytis cinerea was most often isolated. The mineral and SNA medium as well as the process of superficial disinfecting of seeds reduced the number of isolated fungi. Keywords: fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.), pure sowing, mixed sowing, seeds, fungi Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 439-441 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10517-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10517-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0057.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10517-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U. Wachowska Author-Workplace-Name: 0-722 Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: B. Majchrzak Author-Workplace-Name: 0-722 Olsztyn, Poland Title: Microorganisms colonising the rhizosphere of winter wheat protected with Impact Super 347 SC fungicide and Bion 50 WG plant resistance stimulator Abstract: In a field experiment, the effect of plant protection agents on fungal colonies colonising the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere of Elena winter wheat was determined. Impact super 347 SC (flutriafol and chlorotalonil) limited the number of fungi representing Trichoderma, promoted the growth of both fungi from the Fusarium gene and bacteria of Pseudomonas in addition to tricalcium phosphate hydrolysing bacteria. The plant resistance stimulator Bion 50 WG (acybenzolar-s-methyl) strongly reduced the population of Actinomycetales. Bacteria representing Azotobacter did not respond to the applied agents. Keywords: fungicides, rhizosphere, wheat Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 442-445 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10518-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10518-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0058.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10518-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Koehl Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Phytopathology, Center of Life Sciences, TU-München, 85350 Freising, Germany Author-Name: E.F. Elstner Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Phytopathology, Center of Life Sciences, TU-München, 85350 Freising, Germany Author-Name: W. OßWALD Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Phytopathology, Center of Life Sciences, TU-München, 85350 Freising, Germany Author-Name: I. Heiser Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Phytopathology, Center of Life Sciences, TU-München, 85350 Freising, Germany Title: Oxidative burst and cell death induced by b-quercinin and zoospores of Phytophthora quercina in tobacco cell cultures Abstract: Mode of action of β-quercinin, a novel elicitin on tobacco cell suspension cultures (cvs. Bel B and Bel W3) was investigated by measuring the oxidative burst and cell death in these cell cultures. β-quercinin induced an oxidative burst comparable to that excited by zoospores from P. quercina. Adding superoxidedismutase, catalase and diphenyleneiodonium to elicited cell cultures, it could be demonstrated, that the induction of cell death in tobacco cell cultures is not correlated to the oxidative burst. Keywords: P. quercina, elicitins, tobacco, oxidative burst, cell death Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 446-448 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10519-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10519-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0059.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10519-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.Z. Ulinets Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Author-Name: V.P. Polischuk Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Title: Changes in photosynthetic apparatus of tobacco leaves in conditions of virus infection and shortage of nitrogen Abstract: Data of the comparative investigation of the viral infection (TMV) and nitrogen starvation in the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, photochemical activity of PS I and PS II, pigment-protein structure of chloroplasts thylakoids and parameters of the fluorescence induction of tobacco leaves are presented. The changes of the structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus testify to negative influence of this factors on the function of both photosystems with primary inhibition of PS II. Keywords: virus infection, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), stress, Nicotiana debneyi, PS I, PS II, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, photosynthesis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 449-451 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10520-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10520-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0060.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10520-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.G. Budzanivska Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Author-Name: F. Demyanenko Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine Title: Inhibition of Solanaceae plants by combined effect of increased concentrations of heavy metals and viral infection Abstract: On plants of a Solanaceae family cultivated on a ground with increased concentrations of metals (Cu = 10; Pb = 21.5; Zn = 13.2 mg/kg) was shown both propagation and development depressing and decreasing of common protein. The superposition of a virus infection (TMV, PVX) results in considerable accumulation of viruses and early plants death. The contamination of soil by heavy metals results in plants propagation and development depressing, that in turn entails considerable development of viral and other infections resulting in crop losses. Keywords: phytoviral infections, Solanaceae, biotic and abiotic stress, Nicotiana debneyi, heavy metals pollution Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 452-454 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10521-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10521-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0061.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10521-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.V. Shevchenko Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; avsbev@svitonline.com Author-Name: I.G. Budzanivska Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; avsbev@svitonline.com Author-Name: T.P. Shevchenko Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; avsbev@svitonline.com Author-Name: V.P. Polischuk Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine * E-mail: virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua; avsbev@svitonline.com Title: Stress caused by plant virus infection in presence of heavy metals Abstract: Due to increased heavy metal content in Ukrainian soils, purpose of the work was to study relations between presence of heavy metals in soil and their effect on development of phytoviral infection. Experiments were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum - Potato virus X model system. Soluble salts of Cu, Zn and Pb were deposited in soil separately at the limiting concentrations simultaneously with virus infection of plants. Infected plants grown on usual soil showed symptoms of disease on 16 dpi as well as plants grown on soil with metals deposited. Contrary, combined effect of heavy metals and virus infection caused an increase of chlorophyll content comparing with control plants, therefore effect of heavy metals partially compensated the effect of virus infection on experimental plants. Keywords: Potato virus X (PVX), Nicotiana tabacum cv. Trapeson, heavy metals, maximum permissible concentration, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stress Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 455-457 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10522-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10522-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0062.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10522-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Hückelhoven Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: M. Trujillo Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: C. Dechert Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: H. Schultheiss Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: K.-H. Kogel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Title: Functional studies on the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in the resistance of barley against powdery mildew Abstract: The role of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) accumulation in resistance and susceptibility of plants to parasitic fungi is still little understood. We examined the spatial and temporal occurrence of different ROIs in barley after inoculation with the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh, barley powdery mildew fungus). Using histochemical analyses, we collected correlative data indicating that H2O2 and O2*- play different roles in background penetration resistance to Bgh. To study the role of O2*- in detail, we isolated barley cDNAs encoding a NADPH oxidase GP91PHOX homologue and a RACB homologue, which may be involved in NADPH oxidase activation. Interestingly, transient silencing of RACB or GP91PHOX via sequence-specific RNA interference enhanced penetration resistance of barley to Bgh. Together, data reveal rather a negative than a positive role of superoxide generation in background resistance of barley to Bgh. Keywords: barley, background resistance, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Hordeum vulgare, papilla, gene silencing, RNA interference Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 458-460 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10523-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10523-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0063.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10523-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.M. Pennisi Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrochimica e Agrobiologia, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Gallina, Reggio Calabria, Italy Author-Name: M.R. Abenavoli Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrochimica e Agrobiologia, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Gallina, Reggio Calabria, Italy Author-Name: B. Maimone Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrochimica e Agrobiologia, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Gallina, Reggio Calabria, Italy Author-Name: L. Di Dio Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrochimica e Agrobiologia, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Gallina, Reggio Calabria, Italy Title: In planta and in vitro interactions between Phomopsis (Diaporthe) isolates and sunflower Abstract: In this study, we determined the amount of H2O2 released by sunflower callus cultures challenged by both crude hyphal wall extracts and culture filtrates of 26 Phomopsis isolates from sunflower of worldwide origin (Argentina, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Rumania). The amount of H2O2 released by callus cultures and the production time-course response, however, did not correlate with both the amount of electrolytes released by sunflower leaf disks treated with crude culture filtrates and the results of pathogenicity tests on sunflower seedlings. Only few isolates induced a time-course response indicative of an oxidative burst. This would suggest that elicitors extracted from hyphal walls are not involved in this host-pathogen recognition system and toxic metabolites produced by Phomopsis in liquid cultures are not pathogenicity factors. Keywords: Phomopsis helianthi, Diaporthe helianthi, Phomopsis stem canker, sunflower, pathogenicity, reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 461-465 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10524-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10524-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0064.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10524-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Prokinová Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Patočková Author-Workplace-Name: 65 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Side effect of iodosulfuron-methyl/Na + mefenpyr-diethyl and isoproturon on micromycetes on winter wheat Abstract: Side effect of two herbicides (iodosulfuron-methyl/Na + mefenpyr-diethyl = Husar and isoproturon = Tolkan) on micromycetes on winter wheat was study. Herbicide treatment reduced the whole number of fungi and number of genera in phyllosphere. It reduced number of the rhizosphere fungal genera, too. Population of Chrysosporium sp. markedly increased after Husar application, whereas population of Trichoderma harzianum was markedly reduced. Tested herbicides inhibited the development of Fusarium avenaceum on wheat leaves. Iodosulfuron-methyl/Na + mefenpyr-diethyl significantly reduced the growth of F. avenaceum in vitro. Keywords: Fusarium avenaceum, phyllosphere, rhizosphere, iodosulfuron-methyl/Na + mefenpyr-diethyl, isoproturon Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 466-468 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10525-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10525-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0065.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10525-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Hlinková Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Genetics and Author-Name: M. Bobák Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Genetics and Author-Name: P. Illéš Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Genetics and Title: Chitinases and endoglucanases synthesized in the infected barley leaves in the powdery mildew period sporulation Abstract: In our work, we represent genetic, molecular and biochemical changes induced in the infected barley leaves induced in the period pathogen sporulation. We studied a presence of acidic β-1,3-endoglucanases and chitinases in an intracellular fluid isolated from primary barley leaves infected with two powdery mildew pathotypes carrying various virulence genes. In the period of pathogen sporulation acidic β-1,3-endoglucanases (Glu) and chitinases (Chi) isozymes were synthesized in two main groups. Non-specific, high molecular group of these enzymes with Mr > 200 kDa did not differ genetic differences between host and pathogen. Specific, low molecular forms reflected both genetic background of host and pathogen as well as biochemical status of the disease. Low molecular acidic Glu had Mr from interval 9-12 kDa. Analogical situation was observed for low molecular chitinases. Their molecular masses were from interval 14.4-15.5 kDa. Intracellular fluid from the primary leaves of the healthy plants did not contained detectable amount of these enzymes. Appearance of low molecular forms of Glu and Chi is discussed. Keywords: barley, acid proteins, chitinases, acid endoglucanases, powdery mildew Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 469-473 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10526-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10526-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0066.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10526-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.J. Cooper Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: A. Woods-Tör Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Author-Name: E.B. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Title: Albugo candida (white rust) suppresses resistance to downy mildew pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were inoculated with incompatible isolates of downy mildews, following pre-inoculation with compatible Albugo candida. Three isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica subsp. A. thaliana, an isolate of H. parasitica subsp. Brassica oleracea and one Bremia lactucae (lettuce) isolate were included. All downy mildews sporulated on A. thaliana, suggesting A. candida suppresses broad-spectrum downy mildew resistance. The white rust resistance gene, RAC5, is being investigated. The resistance phenotype associated with RAC5 seems not to involve a hypersensitive response. RAC5 has been mapped telomeric of nga106 on chromosome 5, in a region lacking NB-LRR genes, the most common structural class of resistance genes known in A. thaliana. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, Albugo candida, downy mildew, Hyaloperonospora parasitica, Bremia lactucae, host cell death, compatibility Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 474-476 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10527-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10527-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0067.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10527-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Schultheiss Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: C. Dechert Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: K.-H. Kogel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: R. Hückelhoven Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Title: Knock-down of the small G-protein RACB enhances penetration-resistance of barley against the powdery mildew fungus Abstract: Small G-proteins (RAC and RHO) are known to be involved in regulation of superoxide (O2*-) production and the assembly of actin fibres. These processes are known to be crucial for accessibility and inaccessibility of barley cells to the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). Using a candidate RT-PCR approach six Rac-related cDNA-clones were isolated from barley. The transient knock-down of RacB led to a remarkably lower penetration efficiency of Bgh into susceptible barley lines (Mlo/Ror1). Surprisingly the inhibition of RacB expression had no effect in the double mutant line A89 (mlo5/ror1). This led us to the assumption that the RacB-dsRNA effect is dependent on functional ROR1 (such as mlo5-mediated resistance). Vice versa, overexpression of constitutive active RACB-V15 in the susceptible line Pallas resulted in hypersusceptibility to Bgh. Thus, we conclude that RACB is a signal transduction protein functional in the accessibility of epidermal barley cells to Bgh. Keywords: GTPase, Hordeum vulgare, papilla, plant-pathogen interaction, powdery mildew fungus Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 477-479 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10528-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10528-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0068.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10528-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. R Ovidio Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: S. Roberti Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: M. Melaragni Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: C. Capodicasa Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: L.S. Sella Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: F. Favaron Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Title: Characterization of two closely linked soybean pgip genes and transcript regulation following pathogen infection and wounding Abstract: Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a plant cell wall protein that regulates the action of fungal endopolygalacturonases (PG) favouring the formation of oligogalacturonides active as elicitors of plant defense responses. We have isolated two novel soybean PGIP genes (Gmpgip1 and Gmpgip2) and their recognition specificities against fungal PGs have been tested by expressing them in Nicotiana benthamiana using the Potato virus X (PVX) as vector and in Escherichia coli. In both systems GmPGIP1 and GmPGIP2 accumulate but showed no activity against PGs. Transcript regulation of GmPGIP1 and GmPGIP2 showed that these genes undergo a differential regulation following Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and wounding. Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Glycine max, PGIP, polygalacturonase, gene family, transcript regulation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 480-482 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10529-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10529-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0069.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10529-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Schuller Author-Workplace-Name: Institut für Botanik, Technic University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany * Author-Name: J. Ludwig-Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Institut für Botanik, Technic University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany * Title: Isolation of differentially expressed genes involved in clubroot disease Abstract: The interaction between Plasmodiophora brassicae and its host Brassica rapa is investigated by two strategies. (1) IAA-conjugate hydrolases: Root hypertrophy in club root disease is dependent on increased auxin levels and these could result from auxin-conjugate hydrolysis. So far we isolated 5 different cDNA fragments out of various tissues which revealed high identity to IAR3/ILL5, ILL2, ILL3, ILL6 and ILR1 genes from Arabidopsis by comparison with database entries. (2) Random priming: Using this method, we have so far obtained 26 clones from clubroot tissue, from which several sequences may be components of plant signal transduction chains, metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation. Keywords: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Brassica rapa, IAA-amidohydrolases, random priming Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 483-486 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10530-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10530-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0070.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10530-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U. Geldermann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: G. Langen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany Author-Name: K.-H. Kogel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany Title: Promoter studies of chemically induced BCI-genes in the pathosystem barley - powdery mildew Abstract: Chemical resistance inducers like BTH (S-methyl benzo (1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothiate) and DCINA (2,6-dichloro isonicotinic acid) activate resistance in barley against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei). Nine BTH induced genes (Bci, barley chemically induced) have been identified in barley (BESSER et al. 2000) which are not responsive to pathogens in contrast to PR-proteins. From two Bci-genes (Bci3: similar to vsp, Bci4: Ca2+-binding EF-hand protein), the promoters were isolated. In transient transformation assays using promoter::GFP and promoter::GUS-constructs the functionality of these chemically induced promoters were studied. To identify the minimal promoter and regions with regulatory elements 5'-deletion constructs were used. Additionally, gel mobility shift assays were performed. Keywords: barley, promoter, Bci, BTH, SAR Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 487-488 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10531-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10531-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0071.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10531-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Demaria Author-Workplace-Name: Di.Va.P.R.A., Plant Pathology, Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy * Author-Name: D. Valentino Author-Workplace-Name: Di.Va.P.R.A., Plant Pathology, Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy * Author-Name: A. Matta Author-Workplace-Name: Di.Va.P.R.A., Plant Pathology, Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy * Author-Name: F. Cardinale Author-Workplace-Name: Di.Va.P.R.A., Plant Pathology, Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy * Title: Cross-protection mechanisms between biotic and abiotic stresses in plants Abstract: In order to investigate cross-protection mechanisms between stresses of different origins, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether resistance levels to the fungal pathogen P. capsici were affected on wounded plants. To this purpose, tomato roots were wounded at 24h-intervals and allowed to age for up to 7 days before inoculation. Data from preliminary experiments indicate first (0-48 h old wounds) an increase in disease severity in wounded as compared to unwounded tomato plants infected with P. capsici. Then, as the wounds age, disease severity decreases to the point that plants wounded 3 days before inoculation are less susceptible than nonwounded plants. Here, with the use of tomato mutant lines, we suggest the involvement of ethylene (C2H4) and jasmonates (Ja) in the development of these responses towards P. capsici upon wounding of tomato plants. Keywords: Phytophthora capsici, Lycopersicum esculentum, wound, cross-protection, induced resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 490-493 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10532-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10532-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0072.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10532-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Wojdyła Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Protection, Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland Title: Chitosan in the control of rose powdery mildew and downy mildew Abstract: Microcrystalline chitosan at concentrations from 0.025% to 0.2% was evaluated in the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae and Peronospora sparsa. Shrubs were sprayed with chitosan 4 times at weekly intervals. Depending on the concentration used, chitosan reduced development of powdery mildew from 43.5% to 77% and its effectiveness was similar to triforine at concentration 0.03% (standard). Observations of rose leaves under light microscopic, which had been done 24 h after spraying showed, that chitosan caused strong hyphae deformation which almost completely collapse. Cell walls of the pathogen were sunken, corrugated and longitudinally cracked. When applied against P. sparsa effectiveness of the compound at concentration 0.0625% was similar like oxadixil at dose 0.016% (standard) and ranged from 55% to 74%. Efficacy of chitosan decreased with increasing of its concentration. Keywords: rose, Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae, Peronospora sparsa, control, chitosanFigure Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 494-496 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10533-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10533-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0073.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10533-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.K. Solntsev Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: V.A. Karavaev Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: T.P. Yurina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: E.V. Yurina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: A.M. Kuznetsov Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: I.B. Polyakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Author-Name: V.V. Frantsev Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Title: Stimulant effect of plant activator BION on photosynthesis and its inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungi Abstract: Spraying of wheat seedlings with aqueous preparations of CGA 245704 (BION) caused a slight decrease in chlorophyll content accompanied by the stable increase in the rate of O2 evolution per chlorophyll. Stimulant effect of BION on photosynthetic activity depended on both the ai concentration and number of treatments. Biophysical methods based on the registration of slow fluorescence induction and thermoluminescence of wheat leaves revealed the stimulation of photosystem II activity and the increase in the rate of electron transport between the photosystems in treated plants. It is also shown that BION itself can show a partial fungitoxic activity because it slowed down the germination of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici fungi. This is obviously the reason for partial protective effect of BION when it was applied after the inoculation of wheat seedlings with the pathogen. Keywords: fungitoxic activity, luminescence, phytopathogens Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 497-501 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10534-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10534-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0074.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10534-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. GAMMELGÅRD Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: M.L. Mohan Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: R.A. Andersson Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: J.P.T. Valkonen Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Title: Host gene expression at an early stage of virus resistance induction Abstract: Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was carried out to detect genes differentially expressed in plants expressing resistance to systemic infection with Potato virus A (PVA), genus Potyvirus. Differential screening has up to now revealed 19 putative differentially expressed genes. Nothern blot hybridization has confirmed the differential expression of seven genes. Three of them were only induced by the virus, but four genes were also wound-induced. Keywords: PVA, Solanum tuberosum, suppression subtractive hybridization Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 502-503 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10535-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10535-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0075.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10535-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Mehli Author-Workplace-Name: Plantebiosenteret, Department of Botany, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway Title: Temporal expression of a PGIP-gene in strawberry cultivars induced by wounding or by Botrytis cinerea infection Abstract: The expression of a PGIP gene (polygalacturonase inhibitor protein) was monitored with semi-quantitative (SQ)-RT-PCR in green, white and red berries of the strawberry cultivar Korona upon infection with Botrytis cinerea and wounding. In addition, the PGIP expression in infected white berries was quantified in four additional cultivars. The constitutive expression of PGIP increased from green to red berries in Korona suggesting developmental regulation of the gene. Wounding and fungal infection caused a moderate or a high induction in the PGIP level, respectively. The maximum peak was observed 24 h after the treatments. In the comparative experiment with five cultivars, infection of white berries caused an induction in the PGIP level 24 h after inoculation in four out of five cultivars. Keywords: strawberry, Botrytis cinerea, polygalacturonase inhibitor protein Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 504-506 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10536-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10536-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0076.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10536-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Sedlářová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Botany, Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Botany, Author-Name: P. Binarová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Botany, Author-Name: L. Luhová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Botany, Title: Role of plant cell in host-pathogen interactions: Lactuca spp.-Bremia lactucae Abstract: Reactions of Lactuca spp. genotypes with different mechanisms of compatibility/incompatibility to B. lactucae race NL16 were examined. Microscopical study revealed significance of initial stages of infection for establishment of the host-pathogen relation. Incompatibility to the pathogen race is mostly expressed as hypersensitive reaction (HR). Rearrangement of cytoskeleton can participate in blocking of fungus penetration in resistant genotypes as well as support development of fungal infection structures in susceptible ones. During infection process peroxidase is activated, H2O2 released and phenolic compounds deposited. These defence processes well correspond with the expression of resistance. On the other hand, formation of callose attending pathogenesis is not directly related to incompatibility. Keywords: Bremia lactucae, Lactuca spp., hypersensitive response, reactive oxygen species, cytoskeleton, phenolic compounds, defence mechanisms, histochemistry Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 507-509 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10539-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10539-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0077.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10539-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Tör Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Author-Name: P. Gordon Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Author-Name: A. Cuzick Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Author-Name: A. Yemm Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Author-Name: E.B. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Species Level Resistance Group, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, United Kingdom * Title: Several downy mildew resistance genes in Arabidopsis require signaling via a homologue of yeast SGT1 Abstract: A fast neutron mutant in Arabidopsis (Columbia) was identified that exhibits enhanced downy mildew (edm1) susceptibility to several Peronospora parasitica isolates, including the RPP7-diagnostic isolate Hiks1. The mutation was mapped to chr.4 and physically characterised as a 35kb deletion spanning seven genes. One of these genes restored wild-type resistance to all of the P. parasitica isolates. This gene (AtSGT1b) encodes a predicted protein that is orthologous to yeast SGT1, originally described as a key regulatory protein in centromere function and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. AtSGT1b contains three tatratrico-peptide repeats at the N terminus followed by a bipartite "CS" (CHORD containing Sgt) domain and an SGT specific (SGTS) domain at the carboxyl terminus. Altered expression of this gene is being investigated in Arabidopsis and Brassica olarecea to determine its potential use for crop improvement. Keywords: Brassica, downy mildew resistance, defence signalling, SGT1 Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 510-512 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10540-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10540-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0078.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10540-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Minoiu Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research and Development Station, 4400 Bistrita, Romania Author-Name: I. Oprean Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research and Development Station, 4400 Bistrita, Romania Author-Name: I. Platon Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research and Development Station, 4400 Bistrita, Romania Author-Name: P. Stegerean Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research and Development Station, 4400 Bistrita, Romania Title: Increase of plum resistance to natural infections with Plum pox virus Abstract: The mechanical inoculation of the plum leaves of the trees in the nursery, in the first year of growth, has stimulated the activation of the plants' defensive system, fact that lead to their resistance to natural Plum pox virus (PPV) infections. The inoculum was prepared in buffer solution phosphate + Dieca of De Bistrita plum leaves infested by the PPV. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has shown significant differences in the quantity and quality composition of the volatile compounds in the treated and untreated plants, as well as in the infected trees. Keywords: Plum pox virus, DAS-ELISA, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 513-515 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10541-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10541-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0079.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10541-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Kašparovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M.-L. Milat Author-Workplace-Name: Unité associée INRA/Université de Bourgogne 692, Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie et de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires, F-21065 Dijon, France Author-Name: J.-P. Blein Author-Workplace-Name: Unité associée INRA/Université de Bourgogne 692, Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie et de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires, F-21065 Dijon, France Author-Name: L. Havel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plants Physiology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Mikeš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Title: Ergosterol induces mobilization of internal calcium in tobacco cells Abstract: As for natural sterols, only ergosterol is recognized very specifically and sensitively (nM) by plants cells. Ergosterol interacts with tobacco suspension cells and trigger pH changes of extracellular medium, oxidative burst and synthesis of phytoalexins. Compared with the responses induced by cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor from Phytophthora sp., oxidative burst, DpH and phytoalexin accumulation were weaker with ergosterol. Cryptogein stimulated an apparent continuous uptake of external calcium within 40 min, whereas no net uptake of external calcium occurred upon the addition of ergosterol. However, the elicitation with either cryptogein or ergosterol resulted in an increase of the fluorescence of calcium green 1 in cytosol. The use of several inhibitors of calcium channels (La3+, TMB-8, verapamil, ruthenium red, nifedipine) and a protein-kinase inhibitors (staurosporin, NPC-15437, H-89) suggests that the elicitation with ergosterol includes the mobilization of internal calcium stores in vacuoles mediated by IP3 and some protein kinases. Keywords: elicitor, ergosterol, calcium channels Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 516-518 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10542-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10542-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0080.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10542-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Arbeiter Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Author-Name: M. Fähling Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Author-Name: H. Graf Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Author-Name: M.D. Sacristán Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Author-Name: J. Siemens Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany Title: Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to the obligate biotrophic parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae Abstract: Two resistance phenotypes to P. brassicae have been found in A. thaliana. A first resistance phenotype has been detected to the isolate 'e2' and is polygenically inherited. The second resistance to isolate 'e3' is caused by the dominant resistance gene RPB1. By crossing no influence could be shown for salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in the latter resistance reaction. The RPB1 locus was narrowed down to 71 kb on chromosome 1, where three pseudogenes and 13 coding sequences are located. Six of them showed cosegregation with RPB1. None of these sequences have similarities to identified resistance genes or other known genes. Ten coding sequences were expressed, but CDS9 was exclusively expressed in the resistant ecotype Tsu-0. Keywords: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Arabidopsis thaliana, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 519-522 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10543-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10543-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0081.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10543-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.V. Ageichik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, 220080 Minsk, Belarus * Author-Name: A.N. Evtushenkov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, 220080 Minsk, Belarus * Author-Name: Y.A. Nikolaichik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Belarus State University, 220080 Minsk, Belarus * Title: The role of type III secretion system in Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica virulence Abstract: A hrpJ mutant of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca) was constructed and the effects of this mutation on induction of the hypersensitivity response and virulence of Eca were studied. The hrpJ mutant does not induce the HR in non-host plant Vicia faba (V. faba) and demonstrates cultivar-dependent increase or decrease of virulence on potato plants. Keywords: Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, potato, type III secretion system, virulence, hypersensitive response Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 523-527 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10544-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10544-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0082.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10544-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Maes Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Protection, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: S. Baeyen Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Protection, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: H. De Croo Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Protection, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: K. De Smet Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Protection, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: M. Steenackers Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Protection, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Title: Monitoring of endophytic Brenneria salicis in willow and its relation to watermark disease Abstract: B. salicis was monitored in willow stands, sampling trees with and without watermark disease. The study focused on Salix alba and S. fragilis. B. salicis - presence was shown not to be restricted to diseased trees. With a B. salicis-specific PCR, B. salicis was frequently detected in the wood of healthy willows. This phenomenon was further studied with PCR-DGGE of endophytic bacterial populations in healthy and diseased willow. B. salicis concentrations were fluctuating during the year, synchronized with tree activity. Water stagnation in the wood as in winter was associated with a high B. salicis concentration, while the sap stream in active trees drained B. salicis from the wood vessels towards the leaves. We concluded that disease risk can not be assessed by testing the presence of B. salicis. Keywords: Brenneria salicis, watermark disease, willow, endophyte, PCR-DGGE Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 528-530 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10545-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10545-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0083.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10545-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Dreiseitl Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž Ltd., 767 01 Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Virulence complexity and its increasing in the Czech population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei Abstract: The virulence frequency to 12 resistance genes present in the studied cultivars in the time before their first using in grown cultivars were estimated mainly based on the data of cultivar resistance in the field. The estimated virulence frequency is compared with results obtained from investigations of the air pathogen population in 2001. The comparison shows that virulence complexity increased from about 0.90 in 1971 to 8.73 in 2001. The increase in virulence complexity was caused by necessity of the pathogen to survive on cultivars possessing respective resistance genes, it means by direct selection [(Va1, Va6, Va7, Va9, Va13, Vat, Vk1, VLa, Vg and V(Kr)], indirect selection (Va12) and immigration (Va3). Keywords: barley, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, powdery mildew, resistance genes, virulence complexity, virulence frequency Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 531-532 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10546-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10546-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0084.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10546-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kačergius Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms, Vilnius LT-2021, Lithuania * Author-Name: D. RADAITIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms, Vilnius LT-2021, Lithuania * Title: Greenhouse test for the resistance to root and stem rot of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions Abstract: Root and stem rot caused by soil-borne agent Fusarium avenaceum is a major disease of wild Hypericum perforatum accessions in the field collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) of the Institute of Botany in Lithuania. These wild accessions of H. perforatum are growing as an initial material for breeding. In 1998-2001 the monitoring of epidemiological situation of field collection of H. perforatum showed differences among accessions considering the resistance to root rot. High intensity of root rot was observed in the third-fourth years of cultivation. The most damaged plants (> 50%) were among the accessions 219, 379, 381, and cv. Zolotodolinskaja. Fungi of the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Verticillium genera were associated with H. perforatum roots together with the rot agent Fusarium avenaceum. Seven accessions from Lithuania and cv. Zolotodolinskaja of H. perforatum were tested for the resistance to root rot under greenhouse conditions. Two accessions (219, 381) were highly susceptible to the disease, another two (218, 383) were less susceptible, others were free of the symptoms of root rot. Accessions and single plants, survived after artificial infection, have been selected for further investigations. Keywords: Hypericum perforatum, greenhouse test, Fusarium avenaceum, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 533-535 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10547-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10547-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0085.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10547-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Leus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO, 9090 Melle, Belgium Author-Name: G. Kegelaers Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO, 9090 Melle, Belgium Author-Name: E. Van Bockstaele Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO, 9090 Melle, Belgium Author-Name: M. Höfte Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, CLO, 9090 Melle, Belgium Title: Occurrence of pathotypes of Diplocarpon rosae on roses in Belgium Abstract: Monospore cultures of black spot (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf) were established from isolates collected on outdoor grown roses at different locations in Belgium. These monospore cultures were tested on rose cultivars and species with different levels of natural resistance to examine the possible existence of different pathotypes. For this purpose a screening protocol including scoring after artificial infection was developed on in vitro plantlets. Differences between the examined isolates proved that there exist different pathotypes of Diplocarpon rosae in Belgium. Keywords: black spot, Diplocarpon rosae, Rosa spp., monospore cultures, pathotypes Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 536-538 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10548-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10548-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0086.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10548-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Skrzypczak Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland Title: Statice downy mildew and plant susceptibility to Peronospora statices Abstract: Downy mildew symptoms were observed on all aboveground statice parts. Peronospora statices develops on plants during whole vegetation period and even in wintertime, when the temperature rises above 5°C. Even on partially protected plantations most plants die in the second-year of growth. Among statice plants three groups related to plants and leaves shape can be distinguished: very susceptible, moderately susceptible and tolerant. No resistant plants were found. Keywords: Peronospora statices, symptoms, German statice, disease spread, susceptibility Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 539-541 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10549-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10549-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0087.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10549-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fodder Crops, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Porubová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fodder Crops, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic Title: Maize resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus Abstract: Under greenhouse conditions 12 maize hybrids derived from crosses of four resistant lines with several lines of different level of susceptibility were evaluated for resistance to Czech isolate of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). These hybrids were not fully resistant to isolate of SCMV, but the symptoms on their newly growing leaves usually developed 1 to 3 weeks later in comparison with particular susceptible line, the course of infection was significantly slower and rate of infection lower. As for mechanisms of resistance, the presence of SCMV was detected by ELISA in inoculated leaves both of resistant and susceptible lines, but virus was detected 7 days later in resistant line. Systemic infection developed only in susceptible lines. These results indicate restriction of viral long distance movement in the resistant line. Keywords: Sugarcane mosaic virus, Zea mays L., resistance, mechanisms Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 542-544 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10550-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10550-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0088.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10550-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.T. Balashova-Lakhmatova Author-Workplace-Name: All Russian Research Institute for Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) - p/o Lesnoi Gorodok, Odintsov Region, Moscow District, 143080, Russian Federation * Author-Name: N.N. Balashova Author-Workplace-Name: All Russian Research Institute for Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) - p/o Lesnoi Gorodok, Odintsov Region, Moscow District, 143080, Russian Federation * Author-Name: V.F. Pivovarov Author-Workplace-Name: All Russian Research Institute for Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) - p/o Lesnoi Gorodok, Odintsov Region, Moscow District, 143080, Russian Federation * Title: Ways of increasing resistance to viruses into the single plant and in populations Abstract: Viruses as phytopathogenes have been discovered at 1892, and 638 plant's viruses have been identified at 1989. Some of its may be epidemic and to cause significant yield losses of cultivated crops. Increasing resistance of the single plant and populations is the necessary condition for the control of viruses spread and damage. Our proposals for the increasing resistance to viruses: For the single plant the soft correction of plant's metabolism with pretreatment of the natural bioantioxidants and immunizators - steroid glycosides. It results in lowering of virus infectivity, degree of plant's affection and increasing of the yield on 11-41% in fact (in ToMV-tomato pathosystem). For the plant's population- increasing to the necessary proportion the lot of tolerant and resistant forms into the plant's assortment; - selection of resistant and tolerant forms from populations have been selected earlier as resistant to other pathogens and obtaining of the basic material collection with complex resistance; - hybridization programs and developing of tolerant and resistant hybrids; - use molecular markers of resistance for the limitation of virus infection backgrounds in the breeding programs. Keywords: induction of virus resistance, steroid glycosides, selection of tolerant and resistant forms, hybridization programs Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 545-551 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10551-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10551-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0089.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10551-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Korba Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: K. Patáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: V. Kůdela Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Title: Effect of rootstock clones on fire blight susceptibility in scion apple cultivars Abstract: This study was performed on 24 clonal rootstocks and 4 scion apple cultivars to evaluate rootstock/cultivar combinations for susceptibility to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). For this aim, the clonal rootstocks were planted in plastic greenhouse in 1992 and grafted with 4 cultivars (Golden Delicious, Dulcit, Domino and Dione) in 1998. A total of 96 rootstock/cultivar combinations were tested during 1998-2001. Each year, 10 to 30 actively growing shoots per one combination were inoculated with the pathogen. The shoots were inoculated by cutting through first unfolding leaves with scissors dipped into inoculum (109 cfu/ml). The trees were misted to create a high relative humidity. The susceptibility of the test roostock/cultivar combinations was evaluated by calculating the length of necrosis to the total shoot length 40 days after inoculation. The degree of susceptibility of cultivar tested varied depending on the rootstocks and years. In order of decreasing to increasing levels of fire blight susceptibility of four cultivars tested, the pattern observed was Dulcit, Golden Delicious, Domino (moderately susceptible) and Dione (very susceptible). The lowest susceptibility of four cultivars tested was observed on TE 52 rootstock (on average, the cultivars were evaluated as intermediate), the highest susceptibility was on JTE-E and M9 rootstocks (the cultivars were very susceptible). The influence of 21 remaining rootstocks on susceptibility in scion cultivars was not marked. Thus some rootstocks can render the scion cultivars more fire blight susceptible or more resistant. Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, fire blight, apple tree, resistance, scions, roostocks Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 552-554 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10552-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10552-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0090.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10552-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tsiantos Author-Workplace-Name: NAGREF, Institute of Plant Protection, 38001 Volos, Greece Author-Name: P. Psallidas Author-Workplace-Name: NAGREF, Institute of Plant Protection, 38001 Volos, Greece Author-Name: J.M.S. Martins Author-Workplace-Name: NAGREF, Institute of Plant Protection, 38001 Volos, Greece Title: Assessment of genetic resistance to crown gall in roots of apricot hybrid descents Abstract: Plants from five inter-varietal crosses of the apricot cultivars Bergeron, Stark Early Orange and Stella were tested for their resistance to Crown Gall in field conditions at Velestino, Greece. One-year-old plants were inoculated by immersing the roots in a suspension of a mixture of local strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens immediately before they were planted. Resistance was evaluated by the weight of the galls eight months after inoculation. Segregation of characters was observed in all the descents, demonstrating the heterozygotic nature of the parent cultivars. The distributions of gall weights obtained in the five hybrid families indicate that at least two allele pairs are involved in the determination of the level of resistance to the disease. Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, apricot genotypes, resistance to crown gall Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 555-557 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10553-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10553-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0091.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10553-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.H. Czembor Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Genetics Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), Radzikow, 05-870 Błonie, Poland Author-Name: H.J. Czembor Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Genetics Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), Radzikow, 05-870 Błonie, Poland Author-Name: M. Mackey Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Genetics Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), Radzikow, 05-870 Błonie, Poland Title: Genetic diversity of barley landraces from Near East, North Africa and Southern Europe in relation to resistance to powdery mildew Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the resistance to powdery mildew in 218 barley landraces collected in Near East (Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Iraq), North Africa (Egypt, Algeria, Morocco) and Southern Europe (Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain). Plants with resistant reactions were found in 31 (14%) landraces from which 41 single plant lines were selected. These lines were tested with 20 differential isolates of powdery mildew. Eight (19.5%) lines originated from 7 landraces (5 from Israel, 1 from Syria and 1 from Greece) were resistant to all powdery mildew virulence genes prevalent in Europe. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programes and barley production was discussed. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, Blumeria graminis, barley landraces, powdery mildew, genes for resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 558-560 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10554-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10554-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0092.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10554-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hýsek Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kreuzman Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Brožová Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of pea selections to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi (races 1, 2, 5, 6) and Fusarium solani Abstract: Forma specialis (f.sp.) pisi of Fusarium oxysporum infestates pea but on other crop does not cause. Physiological races of this fungus (races 1, 2, 3 and 6) are tested on differentiation selections of pea. In the mixture with Fusarium solani there was better differentiated the reaction of single races. Own method is based on the artificial infection of the pea with the mixture of conidia and mycelial fragments of the race of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi and Fusarium solani. The roots of germinating pea are partially shortened on the top and poured with the suspension of fungi. After the germinating the infected pea is placed into Perlit (the substance for the cultivation). The pea was watered after that. During 3 years of our work we tested namely many new selections from the breeding station in Lužany. It seems that some of them should be used for new selection of realy resistant varieties. In the year 1999 there were new selection relatively resistant: 595/32, 682/37, 238/847, in the year 2000 no resistant selections were gained and in the year 2001 there were like resistant evaluated these selections: 633/1409 and 1456/1919. Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi, Fusarium solani, physiological races, varieties of pea, resistance test, evaluation of resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 561-564 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10555-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10555-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0093.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10555-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Andruszewska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Natural Fibres, 60-630 Poznań, Poland Author-Name: K. Langner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Natural Fibres, 60-630 Poznań, Poland Author-Name: M. Byczyńska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Natural Fibres, 60-630 Poznań, Poland Title: New Polish cultivars of flax resistant to Fusarium wilt Abstract: The breeders consider the lack of resistance of fibrous flax cultivars to Fusarium wilt the main problem in flax cultivation in Poland. The resistance to diseases, lodging, the quality of fiber and adaptation to local climatic conditions are the main factors that have to be taken into consideration when high yields are involved. Therefore, the selected cultivars must be characterized by these features. In breeding process, conducted at the Institute of Natural Fibres in Poznań, the breeding lines of flax were tested in F4, F5, F8 and F10 in different years. The tests were conducted in provocative conditions. The main aim of breeding of flax is obtaining of new cultivars having the resistance genes to Fusarium wilt and genes responsible for high yields. Such genotypes were obtained from crossings between cultivars grown in Poland and cultivars characterized by high quality of fiber, high yield of seeds, resistance to Fusarium wilt and lodging. Five among many cultivars obtained at the INF show the best features. These cultivars are: Nike, Artemida, Modran, Selena and Luna. Keywords: cultivars flax, resistance, Fusarium wilt Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 565-568 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10556-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10556-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0094.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10556-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pastirčák Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Mycology, Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Lemmens Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Mycology, Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Šrobárová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Mycology, Institute of Experimental Phytopathology and Entomology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 900 28 Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Title: Reaction of maize hybrids to ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe Abstract: Ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph stage: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) is a destructive disease of maize. In our experiment we tested twenty maize hybrids. Two inoculation techniques differing in the way of application of a macro-conidial suspension, were evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing maize resistance to ear rot. Based on the results of one season, highly significant differences in sensitivity to Fusarium ear rot between genotypes for all variants under mist irrigation and without mist irrigation, were detected. Keywords: fusariosis, maize, susceptibility, irrigation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 569-571 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10557-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10557-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0095.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10557-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Plachká Author-Workplace-Name: *OSEVA PRO Ltd., Research Institute of Oilseed Crops at Opava, 746 01 Opava Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Odstrčilová Author-Workplace-Name: *OSEVA PRO Ltd., Research Institute of Oilseed Crops at Opava, 746 01 Opava Czech Republic Title: Sensitivity of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to isolates of the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not Abstract: The pure cultures of the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans were isolated from the rapeseed leaves collected in Moravia. Two isolates were collected on the basis of their ability to produce yellow colour. The isolate producing yellow colour was classified as aggressive, while the isolate without the ability to produce yellow colour was not aggressive. The sensitivity to these isolates was verified in 11 rapeseed genotypes. This test was based on the method from the document Crucifer Genetics Cooperative (information document from the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin). This method is based on the inoculation of cruciferous leaflets with suspension from the isolate of the pathogen observed. The scale from 0 to 9 was used for evaluation (0 = no darkening around the wound, 9 = accompanied by profuse sporulation in large, more than 5 mm, lesions with diffuse margins). The infection degree of the aggressive isolate ranged in different genotypes from 1.45 to 4.5, the results of the non-aggressive isolate ranged from 1.0 to 1.5. Based on these results the aggressive isolate was used for further tests of the selected breeding lines. The tests involved selected breeding materials, registered varieties, control varieties with different sensitivity to the isolate of Leptosphaeria maculans and control varieties included in state trials. The maximal difference in the sensitivity exhibited by individual genotypes was five degrees. Keywords: Leptosphaeria maculans, Brassica napus, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 572-574 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10558-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10558-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0096.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10558-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Šárová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague 6-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: V. Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague 6-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Author-Name: A. Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague 6-Ruzyně, Czech Republic * Title: Response of winter wheat cultivars to artificial infection with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in field and greenhouse conditions Abstract: The response of 22 winter wheat cultivars to artificial infection with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been studied in the field conditions for three years and in the greenhouse conditions as well. The set of cultivars included the cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Swiss cultivar Arina known for satisfactory resistance to different foliar and head blights. High level of field resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was detected in cultivars Arina, Vlasta, Rialto, Athlet, Trane, Siria, Vega, Alana, Samara. Not all cultivars showed similar reaction in field and greenhouse tests. Correlation between results of the field and the greenhouse tests was significant for 18 of 22 cultivars. Arina, Vlasta and Vega showed acceptable field resistance and high resistance in the greenhouse tests to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis too. The greenhouse experiments helped to differentiate between examined isolates collected from the territory of the Czech Republic. Cultivar reaction to isolates No. 98001, 98007, 98010, 00071 correlated significantly with the field results. Keywords: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, tan spot, winter wheat, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 575-579 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10559-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10559-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0097.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10559-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Steed Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Author-Name: E. Chandler Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Author-Name: M. Thomsett Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Author-Name: J. Carter Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Author-Name: S. Faure Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Author-Name: P. Nicholson Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Title: Characterisation of fusarium head blight resistance located on chromosome 4A of Triticum macha Abstract: Chromosome 4A of Triticum macha carries resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Double haploid lines (DH) of T. macha 4A were used to determine the type of resistance and location of the gene(s). FHB resistance and yield trait data collected over two seasons following spray and point inoculation, indicate that the resistance is of type I and is probably conferred by a single gene. The resistance was mapped with microsatellite markers to a small area of the T. macha 4A chromosome flanked by markers gwm 610 and gwm 165. This could greatly facilitate future marker assisted selection work aimed at increasing resistance to FHB in other winter wheat lines. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Triticum macha, Fusarium culmorum Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 580-582 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10560-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10560-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0098.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10560-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vaverka Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Author-Name: S. Vaverka Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Title: Evaluation of gooseberry cultivars resistance to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein and its chemical control Abstract: In the course of 1993-2001 extensive field trials were carried out to evaluate the resistance (susceptibility) level of 34 gooseberry cultivars to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein. Cultivars originated from the Czech Republic and from other European countries. Each tested cultivar had 7 trees (5-10 years old). Beside the resistance (susceptibility) evaluation, biological efficacy of 9 fungicides using EPPO methods has been checked at the same number of cultivars and at the same number of gooseberry trees. Highly significant differences of resistance or susceptibility were observed among gooseberry varieties. Analogical results (differences in biological activity of fungicides) have been attained in the course of chemical treatment. 18 cultivars has been classified as low resistant, 12 cultivars as moderate resistant and 4 cultivars as high resistant. None of the tested fungicides proved perfect biological efficacy (100% healthy berries). 4 of them proved high biological effect (more than 90% healthy berries), 3 proved low biological activity (less than 75% healthy berries) and 2 proved moderate biological activity (75-90% healthy berries). Keywords: gooseberry, Ribes uva crispa, Sphaerotheca mors uvae, resistance of cultivars, efficacy of fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 583-587 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10561-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10561-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0099.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10561-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O.A. Baranova Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St.-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia Author-Name: A.P. Dmitriev Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St.-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia Author-Name: A.V. Voylocov Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St.-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia Author-Name: O.V. Solodukhina Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St.-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia Title: Mapping of resistance genes to brown rust in 1R chromosome of rye (Secale cereale L.) Abstract: Five resistance genes to single-pustule isolates Nos. 12, 81,108 and 7 of brown rust were mapped on 1R chromosome of rye using two different F2 populations. Under segregation analysis it was found linkage between genes controlling resistance to single-pustule isolates No. 12, 81, 108 and 25 and isozyme locus Prx7, which to be localized on chromosome 1R. The recombination frequencies are 0.32, 0.28, 0.29 and 0.32 correspondingly. Also we were found linkage between Prx7 and gene, controlling resistance to single-pustule isolate No. 7. Recombination frequency in this case was equal 0.10 and 0.29 in dependence on analyzing hybrids. Keywords: genetic mapping, resistance genes, brown rust, Isozyme, Prx7, Secale cereale L., 1R chromosome Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 588-589 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10562-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10562-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0100.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10562-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Duvnjak Author-Workplace-Name: *Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Vrataric Author-Workplace-Name: *Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: A. Sudaric Author-Workplace-Name: *Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: J. Cosic Author-Workplace-Name: *Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia Title: Occurrence and intensity of more important fungal diseases on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determinate the occurrence and intensity of attack by the more important fungal diseases on soybean in Eastern Croatia. Four-year investigation (1998-2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with different level of disease resistance. The investigation was set in two planting date (optimal and delayed) on experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Following more important diseases were established: Downy mildew, Pod and stem blight and Stem canker. Significant differences in disease incidence were caused by genetic diversity of tested materials as well as different climatic conditions among growing seasons. According to planting date, significantly higher incidence of Downy mildew and Pod and stem blight was in optimal planting date. Keywords: soybean, fungal diseases, occurrence, intensity, cultivar, planting date Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 590-592 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10563-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10563-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0101.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10563-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Gál Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: L. Szunics Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: G. Vida Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: Lu. Szunics Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: O. Veisz Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Author-Name: Z. Bedő Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Resistance Breeding Department, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary * Title: Efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in Martonvásár Abstract: The efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in adult plants was studied on near-isogenic lines of Thatcher carrying known leaf rust resistance genes in the artificially inoculated leaf rust nursery of the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Martonvásár over a five-year period (1997-2001). Eight of the wheat lines tested (Lr9, Lr19, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35, Lr37) exhibited little or no infection. Lines carrying genes Lr13, Lr44 and LrB were resistant in two years and those carrying Lr34, Lr38 and LrW in three years, after which they suffered moderate or heavy infection. Three lines (Lr12, Lr17, Lr32) proved to be moderately resistant. The majority of the wheat lines tested became heavily infected. Keywords: Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici, Triticum aestivum, resistance genes, efficiency Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 593-595 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10564-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10564-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0102.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10564-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Šikšnianas Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania Title: Genetic control and combining ability of resistance to American mildew, Septoria leaf spot and gall mite in black currant Abstract: The character of gene interaction determining resistance to fungal diseases and gall mite was investigated by topcrossing method in black currant cultivars and forms of different genetic nature. For crossings three maternal varieties (testers) and seven paternal varieties and forms of different resistance to American mildew, Septoria leaf spot and gall mite were employed. Eleven cultivars and forms were assessed that differed in combining ability of resistance to fungal diseases and gall mite. Resistance to American mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Septoria leaf spot (Mycosphaerella ribis) is determined by genes with additive effects. In genetic control for resistance to gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) important are both genes - with additive and non-additive (dominant and epistatic) effects. Black currant form D16/1/-25 was ascertained to be a donor of resistance to American mildew and Septoria leaf spot and cultivar Ben Gairn - a donor of resistance to gall mite. Keywords: black currant, combining ability, genetic control, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae, Mycosphaerella ribis, Cecido-phyopsis ribis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 596-599 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10565-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10565-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0103.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10565-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Gelvonauskis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Orchard Plant Breeding, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania * Author-Name: D. GELVONAUSKIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Orchard Plant Breeding, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania * Title: Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding Abstract: Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0-5 scale: 0 - no infection on leaves, 5 - more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat - 51.9-59.5% and 53.5-72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected. Keywords: Venturia inaequalis, apple cultivars, general and specific combining ability, inheritance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 600-603 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10566-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10566-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0104.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10566-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Păcureanu Joiţa Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cereals and Industrial Crops, Fundulea 8264, Cãlãraºi, Romania * Author-Name: E. Procopovici Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cereals and Industrial Crops, Fundulea 8264, Cãlãraºi, Romania * Author-Name: S. Raranciuc Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cereals and Industrial Crops, Fundulea 8264, Cãlãraºi, Romania * Title: Sunflower breeding for resistance to the new races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Romania Abstract: The actual spectrum of the broomrape races in Romania has changed. The study of the sunflower differential set for the broomrape races, under natural and artificial infestation demonstrated the existence of a new spectrum of these races. We assigned the new race with F and the corresponding gene for resistance, with Or6 gene. In our breeding work for resistance to this new race of the parasite, the results we have this far achieved in introducing genes for resistance to broomrape into sunflower value inbred lines are important. Our use of convergent crosses based on transgressive recombination has proven very suitable as a method for incorporating resistance genes into standard sunflower lines. The χ2 test has shown the inheritance of resistance to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The results have also confirmed that the presence of broomrape in plant materials can be diagnosed very early in the season using a modification of the Pancenko method. An assessment made 40 days after sowing showed that broomrape plants were for the most part well developed by that time. Keywords: broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), broomrape races, resistance genes, resistant genotypes, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 604-607 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10567-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10567-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0105.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10567-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Comes Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy * Author-Name: A. Fanigliulo Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy * Author-Name: P. Piazzolla Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy * Author-Name: A. Crescenzi Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy * Title: Nicotiana benthamiana plants transgenic for PPV-SWC coat protein are resistant to PPV infection Abstract: Two constructs containing the coat protein gene (CP) of PPV-SwC - in (+) and (-) sense - were obtained and used to transform Nicotiana benthamiana plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformed lines were analysed for the integration of the CP gene by PCR and Southern blot. Sixty transgenic lines were selected. Expression of CP gene was investigated by immuno-western blot using a monoclonal antibody specific for PPV-SwC. Various levels of CP expression were detected in transgenic plants. R1 lines were challenged with the homologous virus and with isolates belonging to D, M and EA PPV groups. A variable degree of resistance was obtained, going from complete susceptibility to immunity. Susceptible plants showed a slight delay in symptoms expression when compared to non transformed control. No correlation was established by CP expression level and observed resistance. Keywords: Plum pox virus, cherry, transgenic plants, induced resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 608-612 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10568-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10568-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0106.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10568-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Mironenko Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection; St-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia * Author-Name: O. Filatova Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection; St-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia * Author-Name: O. Afanasenko Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection; St-Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia * Title: Genetic control of Pyrenophora teres virulence to three barley accessions Abstract: Ascospore progeny of cross of Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates was evaluated on virulence to three barley genotypes. Monogenic inheritance of virulence (26 a:17 v and 31 a:18 v) was shown to cultivar Harbin and accession c 21272 and supported by results of two fungal backcrosses. The existence of three unlinked avirulence genes to CI 4922 is suggested (37 a:7 v). The model of interaction between barley resistance genes and avirulence genes with postulated fungal genotypes is proposed. Keywords: Pyrenophora teres, barley, sexual cross, backcross, avirulence gene, resistance gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 612-614 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10569-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10569-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0107.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10569-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Chini Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Daniel Rutherford Building, King's Buildings', Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, United Kingdom * Author-Name: S. Murray Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Daniel Rutherford Building, King's Buildings', Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, United Kingdom * Author-Name: J. Grant Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Daniel Rutherford Building, King's Buildings', Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, United Kingdom * Author-Name: C. Thomson Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Daniel Rutherford Building, King's Buildings', Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, United Kingdom * Author-Name: G. Loake Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Daniel Rutherford Building, King's Buildings', Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, United Kingdom * Title: Characterisation of a PR-1: Luciferase transgenic line deployed to uncover novel defence-related Arabidopsis mutants by luciferase imaging Abstract: In order to identify components of the defence signalling network that may contribute to the establishment of disease resistance, we generated a novel PR-1::Luciferase transgenic line which was deployed in an imaging based screen to uncover novel defence-related mutants. Approximately, 5000 ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) lines and 30 000 activation tagged lines were generated and screened for enhanced LUC activity via ultra low light imaging. Keywords: signal transduction, luciferase imaging, systemic acquired resistance, Arabidopsis mutants Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 615-616 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10570-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10570-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0108.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10570-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Šrobárová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: G. Kogan Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Tamas Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Machová Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Protective activity of the fungal polysaccharides against fusariosis Abstract: Most of the experiments carried out in the area of plant protection have used chitin and chitosan obtained from the crustacean chitin which production is rather expensive. In our study we have applied the chitin-glucan complex prepared from the waste mycelia of filamentous fungi, from baker's yeast. Five different polysaccharides have been used for the preparation of water-soluble compounds and the assay of their antifungal activity against plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. In the field experiments, application of the polysaccharides led to the diminished infestation as well as to significantly increased productivity of fresh weight of the plants (tomato). The results demonstrated that application of the polysaccharides led to increased production of cell wall and some outher and intermembrane-bound proteins. Although the nature of the observed proteins has not been yet established, it can be speculated that they represent some enzymes involved in the antiinfective defense mechanisms in plants. Keywords: fungal polysaccharides, chitin-glucan, Fusarium oxysporum, tomato, membrane-bound proteins Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 617-619 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10571-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10571-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0109.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10571-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Porras Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Author-Name: C. Barrau Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Author-Name: B. Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Author-Name: F.T. Arroyo Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Author-Name: C. Blanco Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Author-Name: F. Romero Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria Las Torres-Tomejil, Aptdo. Correos Oficial, 41 200 Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain * Title: Effects of temperature on in vitro response of Trichoderma strains against strawberry pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Abstract: Effect of temperature on growth and antagonistic ability of Trichoderma spp. isolated from local strawberry culture and commercial product, against Rhizoctonia solani, strawberry pathogen, was studied in vitro. Trials were carried out twice, at 10, 25 and 30°C. Inhibitor effect was evaluated by radial growth measures of established duals on PDA's dishes, using Royse and Ries formula, to evaluate the percentage inhibition of radial growth. Design of dishes was a randomized complete block, considering 10 replicates. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance. The objective has been to determine the most competitive Trichoderma strain and the best temperature that produce the inhibiting effect on the pathogen growth. Local strain has the best behavior at 10 and 25°C. Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma spp., biocontrol, strawberry, temperature Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 620-622 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10572-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10572-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0110.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10572-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Stompor-Chrzan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland Title: Effect of aqueous extracts of aspen, black currant, folded blackberry and walnut leaves on development of pathogenic fungi Abstract: The antifungal activity of water extracts of dried leaves of folded blackberry (Rubus plicatus W. et N.), walnut (Juglans regia L.), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), and aspen (Populus tremula L.) was assessed in the in vitro experiment. The tested fungi were Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum and F. solani. It was found that all tested extracts inhibited the development of A. alternaria and F. oxysporum, whereas the strongest inhibiting effect was exhibited by extracts of aspen (A. alternata and F. oxysporum), black current (A. alternata) and folded blackberry (F. oxysporum). The tested extracts had no effect on B. cinerea. Keywords: damping - off fungi, growth, inhibition, plant extracts Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 623-625 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10573-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10573-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0111.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10573-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Strano Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: A. Campisano Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: V. Coco Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: V. Grimaldi Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: A. Catara Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Title: Effectiveness of CaCl2 and Tween 80 in enhancing yeast biocontrol activity against Penicillium digitatum on tarocco orange Abstract: Postharvest biocontrol activity of CaCl2 and four yeasts against Penicillium digitatum was tested on Tarocco oranges. All tested organisms (Pichia anomala J121, Pichia guilliermondii NRRL Y18314, Debaryomyces hansenii DBVPG 4025 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae P1.6) significantly reduced mould incidence and severity. Application of CaCl2 enhanced biocontrol efficacy of P. guilliermondii and S. cerevisiae, while it did not significantly affect biocontrol of P. anomala and D. hansenii. Keywords: Penicillium digitatum, orange, postharvest, yeast, biocontrol Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 626-628 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10574-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10574-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0112.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10574-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Cohen Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel Author-Name: A. Baider Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel Author-Name: B. Ben-Daniel Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel Author-Name: Y. Ben-Daniel Author-Workplace-Name: *Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel Title: Fungicidal preparations from Inula viscosa Abstract: Inula viscosa is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean Basin. Extracts made from the shoots of this plant exhibited a strong fungicidal activity in vitro and in vivo. TLC analyses revealed at least 7 fungicidal compounds. Most are lipophilic. When such extracts were sprayed on the leaf surface of crop plants they effectively controlled downy mildew in grape, cucumber and tobacco; late blight in potato and tomato; gray mold in cucumber and tomato; and, powdery mildew in cucurbits and cereals. Field experiments conducted with grape vine and potato resulted in effective control of Plasmopara viticola and Phytophthora infestans, respectively. The data suggest that Inula viscosa is a useful source of herbal fungicidal preparations for agricultural use. Keywords: herbal extracts, disease control, organic farming Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 629-630 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10575-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10575-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0113.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10575-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Kurzawińska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Author-Name: I. Gajda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Cracow, 31-425 Cracow, Poland * Title: Fungi isolated from soil with quicksets of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and their influence on the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani Abstract: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is often attacked by other pathogens (from genera: Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia) both when the quicksets are taken root and later, when the young plants are planted. The aim of the study was to determine an effect of saprobiotic fungi isolated from soil with quicksets Chamaecyparis lawsoniana on the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani. In our experiment, method series biotic was used (MAŃKA 1974). This method allowed to determine index of impendence for plants by Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani with the help of summary biotic effect. The results of observation on the biotic interaction of saprobiotic fungi isolated from soil with quicksets Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, analysed as biotic series and Phytophthora cinnamomi and Rhizoctonia solani showed, that this of fungal community did not limited growth of these pathogens. Summary biotic effects were negative. Environment of saprobiotic fungi more promoted growth of Rhizoctonia solani than Phytophthora cinnamomi. It means, that in the soil under Chamaecyparis lawsoniana crop, Rhizoctonia solani could have a better of conditions for growth than Phytophthora cinnamomi. Keywords: biotic effect, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, soil fungi, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Rhizoctonia solani Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 631-633 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10576-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10576-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0114.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10576-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Nicoletti Author-Workplace-Name: Tobacco Experiment Institute, I-84018 Scafati, Italy * Author-Name: F. Raimo Author-Workplace-Name: Tobacco Experiment Institute, I-84018 Scafati, Italy * Author-Name: E. Cozzolino Author-Workplace-Name: Tobacco Experiment Institute, I-84018 Scafati, Italy * Title: In vitro evaluation of fungal antagonists of Phytophthora nicotianae Abstract: As tobacco black shank epidemics caused by Phytophthora nicotianae occurred in central Italy in the late 1990s, fungal antagonists of the pathogen were searched in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants. Isolates of Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Gliocladium roseum, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, Scopulariopsis candida and Trichoderma harzianum were recovered. Antagonism of these isolates toward P. nicotianae was evaluated in vitro: even if no hyphal interactions were observed in dual cultures, aberration in mycelial growth and morphology of sporangia occurred in most cases. Unlike those of T. harzianum, concentrated culture filtrates of A. sydowii, F. chlamydosporum, G. roseum, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, inhibited growth of all P. nicotianae isolates tested, while culture filtrates of S. candida caused aberrant mycelial growth. Keywords: Phytophthora nicotianae, tobacco, fungal antagonists, in vitro assays Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 634-637 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10577-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10577-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0115.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10577-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Coco Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: V. Grimaldi Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: A. Campisano Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: L. Strano Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Author-Name: A. Catara Author-Workplace-Name: di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy Title: Assessment of orange fruit colonization by biocontrol yeasts Abstract: A scanning electron microscope study of citrus fruits was performed to assess the colonization process of antagonistic yeasts to green mould of Tarocco oranges under artificial inoculation. Yeast suspensions of Debaryomyces hansenii DBVPG 4025, Pichia guilliermondii NRRL Y 18134, P. anomala J121 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae P1.6 with or without addition of 1% CaCl2 + 0.1% Tween 80 were evaluated. Penicillium digitatum was sprayed one hour later. Observation of fruit surface waxes revealed marked morphological diversity. Yeast cells and conidia were mostly localized on epicuticular waxes, particularly in naturally occurring small pits. The size of the wound affected the number of yeasts and conidia penetrating inside. Treatment with CaCl2 did not affect the waxes and/or the behaviour of the yeasts and pathogen. Keywords: Penicillium digitatum, orange, Scanning Electron Microscopy, yeast, colonization Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 638-641 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10578-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10578-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0116.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10578-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Kaup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Entomology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland * Author-Name: K. Janowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Entomology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland * Author-Name: K. Paruch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Entomology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland * Title: Effect of the product of radiational removal of SO2 and NOx from combustion gases on the population of Globodera rostochiensis nematodes (Woll., Behrens 1975) Abstract: The studies were carried out in a greenhouse of the Agricultural University of Szczecin, during two growing seasons. The aim of this study was determine the effect of the product obtained from radiational SO2 and NOx removal from combustion gases on the populations of Globodera rostochiensis nematodes - one of the most common quarantine organisms. The analysis of the effect of the applied product on the population of nematodes demonstrated their varied character of response. In the combination with the product of radiational purification of combustion gases, also significantly lower population density (number of eggs and larvae in 1 g of soil) and lower fecundity of Globodera rostochiensis females were observed compared to the control combination. And in the second year of the experiment, the number of cysts in the combination with the product of SO2 and NOx removal from combustion gases was significantly lower compared to the control, and was less than half of the quantity of the previous year. Keywords: interaction, nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, product of radiational removal, Lycopersicon Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 642-644 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10579-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10579-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0117.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10579-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.K. El-Kazzaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt Author-Name: M.M. Badr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt Author-Name: H.M. El-Zahaby Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt Author-Name: M.I. Gouda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt Title: Biological control of seedling damping-off and root rot of sugar beet plants Abstract: Some fungal and bacterial bioagents as well as an Actinomycete isolate were screened for their antagonistic effects against S. rolfsii, R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solani in vitro. Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T. pseudokningii, certain isolates of Bacillus subtilis and one isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens were the most effective bioagents in suppressing the radial growth of the four pathogens, in general. Yet, they were less effective in retarding growth of Fusarium spp. as compared with the other pathogens under study. Studying biological control showed the possibility of controlling sugar beet damping-off and root rot by certain bioagents as T. hamatum, T. hazianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and B. subtilis under greenhouse (S. rolfsii-infested soil) and field (natural infection) conditions. These treatments also caused and increase root yield per plot. Keywords: damping off, root rot, sugar beet, biocontrol Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 645-647 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10580-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10580-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0118.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10580-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dědič Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Ptáček Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horáčková Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: N. Čeřovská Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Filigarová Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Potato virus S (PVS): puzzling virus for potato breeders and seed producers Abstract: In the framework of PVS eradication from breeding materials of Czech potato cultivars, the systematic research was devoted to: susceptibility of cultivars, occurrence of PVS in imported and domestic materials, and to maintenance of virus-free basic grades potatoes on breeding stations. In the field-exposure trials was proved high level of susceptibility of most cultivars to PVS and by contraries, gradualy increased proportion of maintained virus-free cultivars of foreign, as well as domestic origin. Nevertheless severe infestation still persist in some of them. The contemporary situation with maintenance of virus-free basic material in CR was demonstrated. Keywords: Potato virus S, eradication, susceptibility Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 648-651 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10581-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10581-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0119.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10581-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. GAURILČIKIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, 5051 Kédainiai District, Lithuania Title: Incidence and severity of Septoria leaf blotch in winter wheat in relation to reduced dosage of fungicides Abstract: The trials were carried out over the period 1999-2000 with a view to testing the efficacy of reduced doses of triazole fungicides on winter wheat cv. Zentos. Septoria diseases (Septoria spp.) occurred on winter wheat annually. Full and reduced dosages of fungicides were highly effective against Septoria leaf blotch at an early milk stage, especially on flag leaf. Later the efficacy of reduced dosages of the fungicides was lower, than that of full doses. Due to full dosage of fungicides we obtained a sufficient yield increase annually. The yield increase through the use of 3/4 reduced doses was lower. But yield increase through reduced dosage to 1/2 was low and insufficient. Keywords: Septoria leaf blotch, winter wheat, triazole fungicide Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 652-655 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10582-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10582-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0120.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10582-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.A. Hiemstra Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Title: Verticillium wilt in tree species; elements for integrated and innovative management strategies (EU-Project QLRT-CT99-1523) Abstract: Verticillium wilt is of increasing significance in European agriculture, especially in tree hosts such as olive and stone fruits, and in shade tree nurseries. In the period 1997-1998 eight European research groups participated in an EU-funded Concerted Action on this disease. Main results were the publication of "A Compendium on Verticillium wilts in tree species" (HIEMSTRA & HARRIS 1998) and an RTD-proposal submitted for financing to the 5th EU Framework Programme. This proposal was approved by the European Commission and the research started in March 2000. Ten research groups participate in a project that aims to provide essential elements for an efficient and environmentally sound management of Verticillium wilt in trees. The research concentrates on tree key areas: (1) pathogen variability, (2) host resistance, and (3) detection and risk assessment. In addition the project aims at harmonising methods, exchange of experience and continuation of the successful co-operation developed during the previous Concerted Action. The specific achievements of the project include information on genetic variation within the pathogen and on distribution and virulence of its subspecific groups; standardised methods to select for host resistance; resistant selections of olive and maple; molecular methods to detect the pathogen in soil and plants; and improved risk assessment procedures. Details on aims, methods and participating groups will be presented. Keywords: Verticillium dahliae, pathogen variability, host resistance, detection, quantification, soil inoculum levels, Acer platanoides, Olea europaea, selection, methods Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 656-658 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10583-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10583-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0121.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10583-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Meszka Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: A. Bielenin Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland Title: Decrease of Venturia inaequalis (Cook) Aderh. sensitivity to dodine and sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicides Abstract: The effectiveness of fenarimol and difeconazole, DMIs fungicides, and dodine was tested in two experimental orchards and in greenhouse in two seasons. In 2001 monitoring of resistance to dodine was conducted also in some commercial orchards located in main apple production. In both experimental orchards fenarimol gave significantly poorer control of apple scab than difenoconazole when curative treatments were applied. The same results were obtained in greenhouse tests using for inoculation the suspension of conidia of V. inaequalis from these orchards. In many monitored orchards, in each region, a high level of dodine resistant isolates in population of V. inaequalis (even more than 40%) was noted. Only in six from 65 tested orchards there was less than 1% resistant isolates in population of the fungus. Keywords: Venturia inaequalis, fungicides resistance, dodine, sterol demethylation inhibitors Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 659-661 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10584-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10584-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0122.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10584-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Łukanowski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland * Author-Name: A. Baturo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland * Author-Name: Cz. Sadowski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland * Title: Healthiness of winter wheat and spring barley farmed under different systems Abstract: In 1997-2001 health of roots, stem bases and harvested grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in organic and conventional farms in Poland was investigated. More isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from spring barley in the organic farm and Fusarium spp. in the conventional farm. Results of winter wheat health estimation were not clear. In the end of cropping season higher mean disease index for roots was observed in organic farm, and for stem bases the relation was opposite. The main casual agents were Fusarium spp. Their higher occurrence was observed on roots, stem bases and also on grain in the organic farm. Furthermore, organic farm conditions were favourable to Trichoderma spp. development and conventional one to Penicillium spp. Keywords: wheat, barley, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium spp., fungi, diseases Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 662-666 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10585-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10585-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0123.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10585-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. SEMAŠKIENÉ Author-Name: K. TAMOŠINAS Author-Name: Z. Dabkevičius Title: Control of powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis (DC), in spring and winter wheat with decision support system based on assessments and weather data Abstract: As a result of the bilateral co-operation agreement between the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture field trials were set up to validate and further develop the Danish decision support system PC-Plant Protection on cereal crops under Lithuanian conditions. The plots treated according to recommendation by the PC-Plant Protection were compared with untreated plots and with conventional treatments commonly applied in Lithuania. The use of fungicides against powdery mildew in winter and spring wheat according to the recommendations of the decision support system gave a significant control even at low doses. Powdery mildew model of DSS PC-P was recommended in Lithuania for control of this disease. Keywords: decision support system, powdery mildew, winter wheat, spring wheat Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 667-669 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10586-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10586-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10586-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Topolovec-Pintarić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Dotnuva, LT 5051Kédainiai, Lithuania * Author-Name: B. Cvjetković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Dotnuva, LT 5051Kédainiai, Lithuania * Author-Name: T. Miličević Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Dotnuva, LT 5051Kédainiai, Lithuania * Title: The sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. to new botryticides in the protection of vineyards Abstract: Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grey mould, is a 1999 we conducted trials in order to analyse the efficacy of the pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and fenhexamide and to test sensitivity of B. cinerea to them in vineyard in which these ingredients had been applied intensively, but also in vineyards where they had never been used. Resistant B. cinerea strains to each ingredient were determined in both types of vineyards. Keywords: Botrytis cinerea, grapevine, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, fenhexamide, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 670-672 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10587-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10587-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0125.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10587-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hubert Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kubátová Author-Workplace-Name: *Research Institute of Crop Production, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Associated-food-hazards: storage fungi and mites in poppy, mustard, lettuce and wheat Abstract: Storage fungi and mites frequently cause injury of crops and contamination of crop agro-products (= "sensitive food ingredients") by allergens and toxins. This may have serious practical consequences since currently the food safety is one of the most important priorities of EU-agricultural policy. However, the risk of occurrence of biotic-hazard in various agricultural product and food ingredients is not equal since they differ in their sensitivity to infestation/contamination by various fungi- and mite-hazards. Therefore, the goal of our study was to identify and review the fungi-hazards connected with occurrence of 5 key-species of mite-hazards, in 4 kinds of "sensitive food ingredients" that include poppy, mustards, lettuce and wheat grain. Different numbers of fungal-hazards (wheat: 44, poppy: 37, mustard: 13, lettuce: 31) were isolated from the tested 4 kinds of crop agro-product. This indicates that their sensitivity to mite-associated fungal infestation/contamination increases in the following order: mustard, lettuce, poppy, and wheat. Mite-hazards differ in their vector-capacity of various fungi-hazards. Generally, predatory mites (i.e. Cheyletus spp.) represent lower risk than fungivorous and herbivorous species of mites (i.e. Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Caloglyphus rhizoglyphoides) in terms of vectoring fungi hazards. Many of the mites and fungi hazards rarely occurred independently. We therefore propose that (i) such pest-hazard-systems (i.e. fungi-mite-hazard-systems) should be called "associated-hazards" (ii) the new and specific approaches to risk assessment of "associated hazards" should be developed and implemented into practice. Keywords: fungi, mites, transport, vector, food safety, sensitive ingredients, poppy, mustard, wheat, mycotoxins Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 673-680 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10588-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10588-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0126.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10588-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Dabkevičius Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, LT 5051 Kédainiai, Lithuania * Author-Name: R. SEMAŠKIENÉ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, LT 5051 Kédainiai, Lithuania * Title: Control of ergot (Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.) ascoscarpus formation under the impact of chemical, biological seed dressing Abstract: The present paper discuses the feasibility of ergot contaminants control in rye seeds through seed dressing. The objective of the work was to determinate the impact of chemical and biological seed dressing on sclerotia germination and ascocarps formation. Germination (%) of sclerotia treated with most of the investigated fungicidal action chemical seed dressers was significantly lower than that of untreated sclerotia. Although some chemical seed dressers did not give very good control of sclerotia germination, they delayed ascocarps emergence and significantly reduced their number above the soil surface at rye anthesis. Biocontrol agents did not have any significant effect on sclerotia germination and ascocarps formation. Keywords: Claviceps purpurea, ergot, sclerotia, ascocarps, winter rye, chemical and biological seed dressers Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 681-683 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10589-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10589-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0127.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10589-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Hausvater Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Táborský Author-Workplace-Name: *Potato Research Institute, 580 01 Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Practical experience with antiresistance strategies in the fungicides control of potato late blight Abstract: Pathogens with rapid reproductive cycles, producing large number wind-spread dispersed infection propagules like sporangiospores, are more likely to pose problems of resistance than slowly reproducing pathogens, which are dispersed over only short distances. Phytophthora infestans, is highly adaptable pathogen capable of exerting high disease pressure on crop, and develop resistance to phenylamid fungicide methalaxyl in the potato crop in Europe (1981-1984). Metalaxyl was then reintroduced for use in mixtures coformulated with multisite compounds, and the proportion of resistance strains "subpopulations" rose again, and albeit to a level lower than at the outset. The use of metalaxyl on seed crops, with the possibility of resistance being carried over the next season. Current recommendations are to use alternative multiside fungicides on potato crops. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding pathogen epidemiology in the management of fungicide resistance. Keywords: chemical control, Phytophthora infestans, cost/benefits Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 684-687 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10590-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10590-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0128.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10590-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Miličević Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Author-Name: B. Cvjetković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Author-Name: S. Topolovec-Pintarić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Title: Dynamics of most important fungal diseases of strawberries in Croatia and suggestions for integrated control Abstract: During trials (1998-2001) in the strawberry's plantation of the cv. Marmolade we monitored the appearance of the most important fungal diseases, their biology and possibilities of integrated control. Monitoring the biology of the determined fungi we established the way of overwintering, appearance of fruiting bodies and discharging of spores as well as beginning of primary infection and first symptoms of the following fungi: Mycosphaerella fragariae, Diplocarpon earliana, Gnomonia comari, Phomopsis obscurans on leaves and Botrytis cinerea on fruits. While checking the efficacy of fungicides, those most effecting to leaf diseases were Folicur Multi and Quadris, and on B. cinerea Switch and Teldor. Testing the resistance on botryticides the fungus B. cinerea showed low level of resistance to anilinopyrimidines and phenilsulfamides and high level to dicarboximides. Keywords: Botrytis cinerea, integrated control, leaf diseases, resistance, strawberry Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 689-691 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10591-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10591-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0129.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10591-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Pisarek Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Land Protection, University of Opole, Opole, Poland Author-Name: E.B. Moliszewska Author-Workplace-Name: *Department of Land Protection, University of Opole, Opole, Poland Title: Effects of sewage sludge on the parameters of the crop production and influence on some phytopathogenic soil fungi Abstract: Many types of organic wastes, including sewage sludge are used for supplementing the soil with the organic matter. The effects of this kind of fertilize are often compared to those of manure. We observed that there was no harmful impact on the winter wheat health if sewage sludge were added to the soil. In the laboratory tests we showed that water extract of sewage sludge as well as humic substances isolated from them were not sources of nutritive substances for tested fungi. Although some changes made in sewage sludge after freezing or autoclaving made them friendly for fungi. Pseudocercosporella isolates were more sensitive for tested substances than Fusarium culmorum. We observed an inhibition of fungal growth but it was mostly due to bacteria. Keywords: fungi, Pseudocercosporella, Fusarium culmorum, humic substances, sewage sludge, crop production Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 692-695 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10592-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10592-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0130.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10592-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Cabrera Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Author-Name: F.J. López-Bellido Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Author-Name: D. Recio Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Author-Name: J.M. Alía Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Author-Name: M. Serrano Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Author-Name: C. Verdejo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.U.I.T.A., ES-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain * Title: Incidence of temperature-related abiotic diseases in Spanish garlic bulbs Abstract: Several alterations of growth physiology and bulb formation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) crops, such as "rough" and "burst" bulbs, have been related by different authors with low temperatures during bulbs storage and crop development. These physiopathies affect both the yield and the quality of garlic crops. Incidence of such diseases in Spanish garlic (variety "purple of Las Pedroñeras") were studied during two consecutive years. Experimental design was factorial taking the bulb storage temperature (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°C) as variable factor. Growth indexes during crop development and final quantity of defective bulbs were evaluated. Experimental results show significant differences between treatments, with the higher incidence of both physiopathies in those bulbs stored at 5°C. The 15°C and 20°C storage temperatures clearly reduce the risk of these abiotic diseases and tend to increase the yield and the final quality of the crop. Keywords: garlic, physiopathies, temperature, rough Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 696-699 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10593-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10593-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0131.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10593-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Raudonis Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Laboratory of Plant Protection, LT-4335 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania Title: Integrated control strategy of apple scab according to warning equipment Abstract: In 1999-2001 in field trials two different apple scab control strategies were compared: (i) the current strategy - conventional disease management (CDM) and (ii) integrated disease management (IDM), according to scab infection periods. A new scab warning equipment METOSR-D was used for detection of infection periods and forecast of disease intensity at three levels: light, moderate and severe. According to CDM apple-trees were sprayed 9 times a season. Scab warning equipment gave a possibility to optimize the use of fungicides against scab and to reduce the total spray applications per season in average till 6.3 in very susceptible cultivars and 5 in moderately susceptible ones. This is 30 and 44% less spray applications comparing with CDM. Annual spray program ranged from 5 till 8 spray applications of very susceptible cultivars. CDM and IDM gave high scab control in apple-trees and there was not found any essential difference in scab incidence between two control strategies. Keywords: apple-trees, control strategies, scab, warning equipment Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 700-703 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10594-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10594-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0132.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10594-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Šilha Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: P. Hamouz Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: V. Táborský Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: K. Štípek Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: J. Šnobl Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: K. Voříšek Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: L. Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: L. Brodský Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Author-Name: K. Švec Author-Workplace-Name: 3 Department of Crop Production, 4Department of General Plant Production and Agrometeorology, 5Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 165 21 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic E-mail: silha@af.czu.cz Title: Case studies for precision agriculture Abstract: The results of spatial variability of plant-available soil nutrients (P, K, Mg) and soil pH are described in this paper. Experiment was realized on the field of area 72 ha (orthic luvisol), located in the area of Český Brod. The use of coefficient of variation as a criterion of variability of soil agrochemical properties and yield on the field showed the following: the highest variability was observed in available P, the second highest variability was in available K, and the lowest variability of main non-mobile nutrients was in the available Mg. Soil pH was the lowest of all measured soil properties. Although the highest correlation coefficient between the soil available P content and soil pH was established, the process of spatial dependence was not detected. Detailed field scouting and others data can be important elements, as can complex decision rules, taking into account additional factors such as the characteristics of crop protection agents and preferences of the farm manager. This paper illustrates, how to plant nutritions, crop protection, crop production might be integrated to support these diseases and weeds management decisions. Keywords: soil agrochemical properties, septoria disease, LA, GLA, weed infestation, yield of wheat, soil biological characteristics Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 704-710 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10595-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10595-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0133.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10595-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.C. Zoon Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: W. Golinowski Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: R. Janssen Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: D. Mugniéry Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: M.S. Phillips Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: M. Schlathoelter Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: G. Smant Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: L. Van Kruijssen Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: J.G. Van Der Beek Author-Workplace-Name: PlantResearch International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Title: Durable resistance against Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax Abstract: The EU-funded Project QLRT-1999-1462 DREAM (Durable Resistance Against Meloidogyne) aims to contribute to sustainable production systems by developing a strategy for durable resistance management for two polyphagous quarantine root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. The objective will be achieved by integrating expertise in breeding, nematology, botany and molecular biology. The project combines three areas of research: 1. Identification and incorporation of resistance in important arable crops: potato, pepper, ryegrass and fodder radish, 2. Study of variation in nematode virulence and of durability of the resistance, and 3. Optimising of production systems by rotation schemes. The main results expected are: resistant germplasm, characterised pathogen collections, breeding methods, knowledge of the stability of resistance, molecular markers linked to resistance and (a)virulence, resistance mechanisms and genes, genetic maps, and improved rotation schemes. The strategy and some first results will be discussed. Keywords: Meloidogyne chitwoodi, root-knot nematodes, virulence, Solanum, Capsicum, Raphanus, Lolium, resistance breeding Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 711-713 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10596-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10596-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0134.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10596-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.C. Blok Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: J. Wishart Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: D. Mugniéry Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: M. Bossis Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: P. Castagnone-Sereno Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: C. Neveu Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: G. Smant Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: C. Zijlstra Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: F.C. Zoon Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Author-Name: M.S. Phillips Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA United Kingdom Title: Molecular and genetic studies of the basis of virulence/avirulence in Meloidogyne chitwoodi Abstract: Within the EU project DREAM there is a programme of work investigating the molecular basis of virulence and avirulence in Meloidogyne chitwoodi and which involves partners from the Netherlands, France and Scotland. In Wageningen AFLPs are being used to examine genetic diversity between populations of M. chitwoodi. Partners in Wageningen and INRA are using M. javanica and M. incognita as model systems to isolate genes producing secreted proteins that could be implicated in the host pathogen interaction. They will search for homologous sequences in M. chitwoodi. At Rennes two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) studies are being conducted. The PCR based suppressive subtractive hybridisation (SSH), has been used at PRI and SCRI to compare avirulent and virulent nematodes and infected plant material (resistant and susceptible) at different times after infection. Keywords: Meloidogyne chitwoodi, potato, AFLP, cDNA, suppressive subtractive hybridisation (SSH), two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 714-716 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10597-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10597-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0135.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10597-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Lashermes Author-Workplace-Name: Unité Résistance des Plantes aux Parasites, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 34394 Montpellie Cedex 5, France Title: Breeding tools for durable resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) of coffee varieties Abstract: Coffee is one of the world's largest traded commodities, produced in over 60 countries. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have become a major threat in all major coffee-growing areas. So far, more than fifteen species of Meloidogyne have been reported as pathogens of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Nematocide treatments are only effective in the short term, expensive and environmentally hazardous. Growing nematode-resistant coffee trees constitutes so far the most promising option to control the pest. During the last decade, resistance to root-knot nematode have been identified in spontaneous accessions and relative diploid species. With the aim of improving the resistance to root-knot nematodes of coffee varieties grown in Latin America, a project was initiated in February 2002 with the financial support of the European Community (INCO, Contract ICA4-CT-2001-10070). The selected strategy relies upon the combined development of (i) varieties (either cultivar or rootstock) associating complementary well-characterised resistance genes, and (ii) optimised variety-deployment strategies based on a careful characterisation (geographical distribution, virulence and pathogenicity) of root-knot nematodes populations damaging coffee trees. Keywords: nematode, rootstock, genetic, resistance, Coffea arabica L Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 717-720 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10598-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10598-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0136.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10598-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Wishart Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland * Author-Name: M.S. Phillips Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland * Author-Name: A. Paterson Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland * Author-Name: V.C. Blok Author-Workplace-Name: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland * Title: Comparison of gene expression in Solanum bulbocastanum infected with virulent and avirulent isolates of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Abstract: Resistance to root knot nematode M. chitwoodi has been identified in the wild tuber-bearing Solanum species, S. bulbocastanum. Three pathotypes were identified suggesting at least two different genetic factors for virulence and resistance in the pathogen and the host species, respectively. Roots of S. bulbocastanum were infested with two isolates of M. chitwoodi differing in virulence. The infection process was monitored by histological examination of roots allowing time points to be identified. cDNA libraries were constructed from infected root tissue using Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) to enrich for transcripts from either compatible or incompatible interactions, at three days and seven days post infection. Both plant and nematode genes, which may be important during the host/parasite interaction, were identified. Keywords: Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Solanum bulbocastanum, suppression subtractive hybridisation, virulence genes Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 721-722 Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10599-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10599-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200211-0137.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10599-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Special Issue - DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANT PATHOLOGY, 6th Conference of European Foundation for Plant Pathology, Prague, Czech Republic, 8-14 September 2002Second part Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: i-viii Volume: 38 Issue: SI2-6thConfEFPP Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/10621-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10621-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:38:y:2002:i:SI2-6thConfEFPP:id:10621-PPS