Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Řezáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stano Pekár Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Kocourek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Bt-maize on epigeic spiders (Araneae) and harvestmen (Opiliones) Abstract: The effect of two strategies, used to control Ostrinia nubialis, on the abundance and diversity of epigeic spiders and harvestmen in maize was monitored. The two strategies were (1) transgenic insect-resistant maize, and (2) biological control by Trichogramma wasps on an isogenic maize hybrid. They were compared with a conventional system (isogenic maize hybrid), which was taken as the control. The investigation was performed at two localities (Ivanovice na Hané and Prague) in the Czech Republic from 2002 to 2004. Spiders (Araneae) and harvestmen (Opiliones) were collected by means of pitfall traps. We found that the annual abundance and diversity of arachnids on plots with the two strategies were not significantly different from a conventional system. The overall abundance of spiders decreased over three years in all systems. There was no difference in the family and guild (hunters versus web-builders) composition between strategies and the conventional system. A displacement of linyphiid spiders with lycosids on all plots over time was observed. This change is attributed to the existence of a sparse weed cover of maize fields as a result of consecutive monocultural planting. Keywords: Bt-maize, diversity, Trichogramma Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-8 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2689-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2689-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2689-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Abd-Allah Shawki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dalibor Titěra Author-Workplace-Name: Bee Research Institute, Libčice nad Vltavou, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Kazda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Kohoutková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysisi, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Táborský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Toxicity to honeybees of water guttation and dew collected from winter rape treated with Nurelle D® Abstract: The acute and chronic toxicity to honeybees, Apis mellifera of water guttation and dew collected from winter rape plants treated with the insecticide Nurelle D® (a.i. chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin) was investigated. Caged bees were fed on sugar syrup containing water guttation and dew for 24 h (acute toxicity test) and for 10 days (chronic toxicity test). Bee mortality and food consumption were determined daily. A contact toxicity test was performed within 24 h on bees kept in Petri dishes (10 bees per dish) lined with filter paper saturated with the test solution. The acute Nurelle D® contact and oral toxicity tests showed that the mortality of bees treated with water guttation and dew collected from the treated plants did not exceed 10%. A chronic toxicity test showed that adding contaminated water guttation and dew to the syrup caused an insignificant increase in bee mortality and reduced the syrup consumption significantly. The chlorpyriphos residue found in contaminated water guttation and dew were below the limit of detection (0.8 µg/kg) and the cypermethrin residue was below the detection levels. Keywords: Apis mellifera, mortality, chlorpyriphos residue Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 9-14 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2690-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2690-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2690-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lubomír Věchet Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Genetics, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici Abstract: During 4 years, 27 cultivars and breeding lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were tested in small plot experiments for resistance to powdery mildew fungus. The most resistant were Frimegu, RE9607, Runal, Asset, Folke and Wasmo. The cultivars Asta (Pm2,6) and Vlasta (Pm2,6 and another not determined specific gene or minor genes of resistance) fall into resistant cultivars. It seems that the specific genes of resistance Pm2 and Pm6 are still very effective against the present Czech population of powdery mildew on wheat. Resistance of the cultivars Hereward and Tarso, having the gene of resistance Pm8, can be ascribed to an additional undetermined gene that is effective only in mature plants. The cultivars Mikon and Ramiro with partial resistance had a higher infection type and disease severity than resistant cultivars, but lower disease severity than the susceptible cultivar Kanzler. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, powdery mildew, disease severity, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 15-20 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2691-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2691-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2691-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Matušinský Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Benada Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Survey of incidence of bunts (Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa) in the Czech Republic and susceptibility of winter wheat cultivars Abstract: Bunts (caused by Tilletia caries and T. controversa) belong to very important diseases of winter wheat because contaminated commodities (seeds, foods and feeds) affect the marketability of the crop on both domestic and export markets. They can be relatively easily controlled by chemical seed treatments. Due to the availability of effective chemical control, the reaction of wheat cultivars to bunts has so far not been an important trait for plant breeders in some areas of the world. However, if synthetic chemicals are not allowed, like in organic farming, untreated seed may quickly lead to a build-up of bunt to levels that render the crop unmarketable. The use of wheat cultivars partially or fully resistant to bunts could greatly contribute to ease the bunt problem. The reaction of winter wheat cultivars was evaluated in field tests. Seeds of winter wheat were inoculated with teliospores of T. caries. The reaction to T. controversa was studied under heavy natural infestation with spores in the soil. With T. caries, the heaviest infection was found in cvs Drifter and Ebi, while cvs Nela, Brea and Samanta had the lowest. The average level of infection with T. controversa was higher than that of T. caries. The cvs Niagara, Brea and Versailles had significantly lower numbers of bunt ears of T. controversa in 2002. The incidence of both bunts in grain samples that had not been cleaned and sorted after harvest was monitored for 4 years. A total of 1 058 samples collected from various locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of bunt spores and the species determined. The investigation demonstrated a rather widespread occurrence of bunts across the Czech Republic, with T. controversa being more frequent. Keywords: bunts, Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa, , cultivars, winter wheat, incidence of bunts, Czech Republic Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 21-25 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2692-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2692-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2692-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Prokop Author-Workplace-Name: State Phytosanitary Administration, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Veverka Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Influence of droplet spectra on the efficiency of contact fungicides and mixtures of contact and systemic fungicides Abstract: The effects of droplet spectra, spray volume, and the addition of an adjuvant to the spray solution against Phytophthora infestans were evaluated using contact fungicides, mixtures of contact and systemic fungicides, and a contact fungicide + an adjuvant. Six droplet spectra, ranging from VMD = 183 µm to VMD = 939 µm, were used. The spray volumes were 300, 450 and 600 l/ha for the contact fungicides, and 300 l/ha was used for the mix of contact with systemic fungicides. No significant differences in efficiency were observed between different droplet spectra when used for the mix of contact with systemic fungicide treatments. However, the efficiency of treatments with a contact fungicide significantly increased with smaller droplet spectra. The larger droplet spectra required larger spray volumes for greater efficiency. The addition of the adjuvant (pinolene, 96%) to the spray solution of the contact fungicide caused the efficiency to be similar for all droplet spectra. The effect of droplet spectra is more pronounced in contact compounds. The translocation of the systemic compounds and the ability of the surfactant to improve the coverage with contact compounds may be the main mechanisms that counteract the effects of larger droplet spectra and lower leaf coverage. Keywords: Phytophthora infestans, fungicides, water volume, droplet size, droplet density Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 26-33 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2693-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2693-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2693-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Gabriela Červená Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Diagnosis, State Phytosanitary Office of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslava Rodová Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Diagnosis, State Phytosanitary Office of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Jokeš Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: First report of Pepper mild mottle virus in pepper seeds produced in the Czech Republic - Short Communication Abstract: Symptoms of viral infection were observed on plants of pepper, cv. OL 228, raised from commercial seeds of Czech origin in a greenhouse in the year 2002. Infected plants showed mosaic or mottling on leaves, and necrotic depressions on fruits. Straight, rod-shaped viral particles of about 300 nm, indicating a tobamovirus infection, were found by electron microscope. ELISA produced negative reactions for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) but positive reactions with an antiserum to Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). In biological characterisation using pepper cultivars with the L1, L2, L3 and L4 tobamovirus resistance genes it was found that the Czech isolate of PMMoV belongs to pathotype P1.2. This is the first report of PMMoV in the Czech Republic. Its distribution, however, may still be limited as a survey did not reveal other infections in the main pepper producing areas. As PMMoV spreads with infected seeds, the possibility of its chemical deactivation by NaOH was tested and confirmed. Keywords: Pepper mild mottle virus, characterisation, pathotype P1.2, Capsicum annuum, ELISA, electron microscopy, seed transmission, virus deactivation, sodium hydroxide Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 34-37 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/2694-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2694-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200601-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:42:y:2006:i:1:id:2694-PPS