Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín Dreiseitl Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Severity of powdery mildew on winter barley in the Czech Republic in 1976-2005 Abstract: Results of scoring the reaction to powdery mildew of 240 winter barley varieties that were gradually included in 392 Czech Official Trials conducted at 21 locations were analysed. The reaction of the varieties was determined on the basis of the level of infection by the disease. Therefore, the data can also be used to assess the disease severity in years and at locations. Several characteristics indicative of disease severity were considered, including the disease severity coefficient (= average infection of susceptible varieties in trials with a high disease severity/the proportion of such trials). The value of the coefficient is inversely proportional to disease severity. The highest powdery mildew severity was found in 1976, and the years 1988, 1990 and 2003 were characterised by high infection of the examined varieties. In contrast, the disease was practically absent in 1979 and 1982, and its severity was also low in 1978, 1981, 1985, 1991 and 1998. Very low disease severity was found for the period 1977-1982 when insufficient disease severity was found on average in 78% of the trials and high disease severity in only 6% of the trials. The highest disease severity was found at locations Trutnov, Horažďovice and Chrastava. The analysis of data from a large number of field trials conducted at various locations for a period of 30 years confirmed that powdery mildew is an important disease of winter barley in the Czech Republic. Known genetic sources of resistance and current methods, such as marker assisted selection, enable breeders to solve this problem. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, disease severity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 77-85 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2247-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2247-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2247-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tibor Roháčik Author-Workplace-Name: SELEKT, Research and Breeding Institute, Inc., Bučany, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Kamil Hudec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Fungal infection of malt barley kernels in Slovak Republic Abstract: The influence of agro-environmental factors (year, cultivar and climatic factors) on the occurrence of fungi on kernels of malt barley, species spectrum and seedling viability were evaluated during 2004 and 2005. The seeds (asymptomatic, fraction above 2.5 mm) originated from different cultivars and locations of the Slovak Republic. Surface sterilisation of the kernels before isolation of the fungi was the key factor for objective results on the occurrence of Fusarium species. Screening of non-sterilised kernels gave a different spectrum of fungal species and their frequency and may lead to distorted results. The most frequent species isolated from barley kernels were Alternaria spp., Cochliobolus sativus, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium spp. and Pyrenophora teres. The results confirmed that agro-environmental factors (mostly year and microclimatic conditions) had a major influence on infection by and population structure of fungi in malt barley kernels. The total sample infection by Fusarium spp. was significantly higher at localities with higher altitude and in 2005. The infection level varied from 0% to 20%, in some localities in 2005 it exceeded 20%. The widest fungal species spectrum was recorded in the locations with high level of kernel infestation. In localities with lower infection, the species spectrum was narrower. Keywords: malt barley, kernels, fungal infection, agro-environmental factors Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 86-95 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2249-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2249-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2249-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Pepperný Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol and Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Influence of baculovirus AdorGV on the mortality of larvae and pupae of summer fruit tortrix Adoxophyes orana in laboratory conditions Abstract: The mortality of larvae and pupae of Adoxophyes orana was examined by keeping larvae of each larval instar (L1-L5) on an artificial diet in laboratory conditions. Larvae were infected by using an artificial diet containing AdorGV-based CAPEX® 2. Samples of uninfected larvae from each instar served as controls. The mortality of larvae infected in the 1st instar was 100%, compared to a mortality of 68% in the control. In both, the larvae died before the 5th larval instar. With larvae infected in subsequent instars the mortality rate declined gradually (96%-72%-40%-12%) and death occurred predominantly in the 5th larval instar. The mortality of larvae in the controls was low (12%-12%-0%-0%). The mortality of pupae from larvae infected in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was high (100%-86%-93%), and the mortality of larvae and pupae combined was close to 100%. Mortality of pupae developed from larvae infected in the 5th instar was 27% and that of larvae and pupae combined was 36%. The mortality of pupae developed from uninfected larvae in all controls was low (max. 8%). These results demonstrated the high efficacy of AdorGV to cause high mortality of larvae and pupae of Adoxophyes orana in laboratory conditions. Keywords: summer fruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana, AdorGV, mortality, larvae, pupae Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 94-102 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2245-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2245-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2245-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alphonsus Mbonu Oparaeke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria Title: Toxicity and spraying schedules of a biopesticide prepared from Piper guineense against two cowpea pests Abstract: The toxicity of three concentrations (5%, 10% and 20% w/v) and spraying schedules (2, 4 and 6 weekly applications) of an extract from West African black pepper, Piper guineense, for managing two major post-flowering pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, was investigated in two cropping seasons at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The insect pests were the larvae of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the cowpea coreid bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The higher concentrations (10% and 20% w/v) and more frequent applications (4 and 6/week) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the numbers of the two insect pests compared to the untreated control in both years. Pod damage was significantly reduced and grain yields consequently increased in treated plots compared with the other extract treatments and the untreated control. West African black pepper extract applied at higher concentrations and more frequently could play an important role in integrated management of pests' infestations on field cowpea managed by limited resource farmers in third world countries. Keywords: toxicity, Piper guineense extract, Maruca vitrata, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, spray schedules, cowpea Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 103-108 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2251-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2251-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2251-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hail K. Shannag Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: Jafer M. Al-Qudah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: Nawaf M. Freihat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Title: Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties Abstract: The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, to A. gossypii were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local. Keywords: Aphis gossypii, okra, yield, plant growth Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 109-117 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2250-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2250-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2250-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zvonko Pacanoski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia Author-Name: Tasko Kostov Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia Author-Name: Gordana Glatkova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture, Skopje, R. Macedonia Author-Name: Branislav Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture, Lesak, Serbia Title: Effect of soil applied herbicides and depth of sowing on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) emergence and early growth Abstract: Greenhouse trials were conducted during 2005 to investigate the effect of six soil applied herbicides on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) sowed at a depth of 4 cm and 7 cm, and determine the potential injury to maize by the herbicides and the influence of sowing depths. The efficacy of all herbicides was high, regardless of sowing depth and, generally, the coefficient of efficacy ranged from 86.3% to 100.0%. Most of the herbicides had no significant phytotoxic effect on maize plant density/container, height and fresh weight of maize. Exceptions were Atranex-90WDG and Cyatral-SCZ, which caused serious injury to maize (33% and 37%, respectively) if seeded at a depth of 7 cm, and significantly reduced height and fresh weight of the plants. Keywords: Xanthium strumarium L., Zea mays L., herbicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 117-121 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2246-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2246-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2246-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadežda Bukvayová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General and Quarantine Diagnostics, Section of Diagnostics, Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Cryptocline taxicola (All.) Petr. - A new plant pathogen reported in Slovak Republic - Short Communication Abstract: Symptoms of fungal infection were observed on a plant of Taxus baccata in an urban park. Diagnosis of the pathogen showed the presence of the fungus Cryptocline taxicola. This is the first report of this fungus in Slovak Republic. Characteristics of visual symptoms and microscopic features are described. Keywords: Taxus baccata, Cryptocline taxicola, stereomicroscopy, microscopy, culture Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 122-124 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2248-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2248-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200703-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2248-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Veverka Title: A. Lebeda, P. T. N. Spencer-Phillips (eds): Advances in Downy Mildew Research. Vol. 3 (Proceedings of the 2nd International Downy Mildews Symposium) - Book Review Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 125-126 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2252-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2252-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2252-PPS