Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 43 (2007)- Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: I-VIII Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2244-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2244-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2244-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iveta Pánková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Krejzar Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Čepl Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Kůdela Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in daughter tubers of volunteer potato plants Abstract: Daughter tubers of volunteer potatoes were tested for their ability to maintain Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms). In different areas of the CR, volunteer potatoes were searched for in crops grown in rotation with potatoes and where one or two years before Cms had been detected and identified in samples of harvested seed or commercial potatoes using the test scheme in accordance to EC Directive 93/85/EEC. During May and June of 2005 and 2006, emerging or emerged plants of volunteer potatoes were collected at nine locations of Bohemia and transplanted to the experimental field in the Diagnostic Service Laboratory at Šluknov-Kunratice in Northern Bohemia. The daughter tubers of these plants were harvested and stored at 6°C for 1 month and then at 22°C for 3 months for multiplication of Cms cells. Samples of the daughter tubers were divided into 215 partial samples and tested for the occurrence of Cms at five terms which differed in length of storage time. The DAS ELISA test was used to detect Cms in the tuber samples. Cms was detected in eight of the nine potato volunteer tuber samples from different locations. The presence of Cms in positively tested tuber samples was confirmed using a pathogenicity test on eggplants (Solanum melongena). The optimal time for the detection of the pathogen in the harvested daughter tubers was between 4 and 10 weeks of storage at 22°C. Keywords: potato, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, bacterial ring rot, potato volunteer plants, incidence of occurrence, DAS ELISA, Czech Republic Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 127-134 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2237-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2237-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2237-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Nedělník Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fodder Crops, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Moravcová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fodder Crops, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Lancová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Salava Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Fusarium spp. In wheat grain in the Czech Republic analysed by PCR method Abstract: The frequency of occurrence of four Fusarium spp. on wheat in the Moravia region, Czech Republic, was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Grain samples were collected during 2003-2006 at grain purchase centres. The dominant species was F. graminearum, which was recorded in all samples of the first 3 years of the study and in 88% of them in 2006. The previously more frequent F. culmorum was detected in 100 % of the samples only in 2005; in the preceding two years the frequency of its detection was lower, 84% and 60%, and in 2006 it was detected in 55% of the samples. Fusarium avenaceum had a very low occurrence in the years 2003-2004, but in 2005 it was recorded in 100% of the samples. In 2006 it was the opposite - total absence of this species. A quite different situation was found in the occurrence of the fourth species - F. poae. In the years 2005 and 2006 it was only detected in 10%, resp. 2% of the samples, compared to markedly higher occurrences in the previous years. A comparison of the current weather development with the long-term mean at the Troubsko locality suggests that years with a relatively long, wet and cold start of the growing season and warmer end of vegetation (late May-July) will favour F. graminearum. Keywords: Fusarium spp., PCR, detection, wheat Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 135-137 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2241-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2241-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2241-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně Author-Name: Pavel Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně Title: Reaction of winter wheat cultivars to common bunt Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and T. laevis Kühn Abstract: Fifteen registered winter wheat cultivars were tested for reaction to common bunt in 2-years trials. A mixture of seven Czech proveniences of common bunt was used for inoculation. Cvs Globus and Bill were most resistant in both years. The reaction of these two cultivars to 16 Czech and German samples of common bunt of different proveniences was also tested. On cvs Globus and Bill only one sample in one year caused bunt incidence 29.3% and 19.3%, whereas the incidence caused by other bunt samples was below 10% and 15%, respectively. Keywords: common bunt, wheat, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 138-141 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2238-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2238-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2238-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloň Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal Tomšovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Libor Jankovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Novotný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Contribution to identify the causal gents of Dutch elm disease in the Czech Republic Abstract: This study provides new data on Dutch elm disease in the Czech Republic. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is reported for the first time in the area of the Czech Republic, as well as both subspecies ssp. novo-ulmi (indigenous in the area of the Ukraine and Moldavia), and ssp. Americana indigenous in North America. The majority of the recorded strains belonged to O. n.-u. ssp. novo-ulmi, while O. n.-u. ssp. Americana and hybrids of these two subspecies were found less frequently. On the other hand, Ophiostoma ulmi was not found at all in the investigated samples. Identification on the subspecies level was performed by methods of molecular biology, i.e. PCR and RFLP of gene regions cu and col1. Keywords: Ulmus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, PCR, RFLP Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 142-145 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2243-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2243-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2243-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenka Odstrčilová Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding & Services, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the occurrence of mycoflora on caraway seeds after fungicide application Abstract: The spectrum of diseases and their harmfulness to caraway has changed within the past few years. The importance of Mycocentrospora acerina, recently regarded as the most serious pathogen, has decreased while the severity of other fungi, such as Erysiphe heraclei or Ascochyta carvi, has increased. This work was undertaken to identify and determine the incidence of fungi which contaminate the seeds and to evaluate the effect of fungicidal treatment. Direct microscopic evaluation confirmed that Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium cladosporiodes were the most common fungi occurring on caraway seeds. Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, Fusarium sp., Epicoccum nigrum, Trichothecium roseum and Aureobasidium sp. were not so frequent. In field trials during 2005 and 2006, fungicide application at flowering of the crop affected mainly the pathogenic fungi Ascochyta carvi and Septoria carvi, but not the saprophytic fungi A. alternata or Cladosporium sp. In comparison with the control, in 2005 the yield increased (*α = 0.05) only with prothioconazole and dimoxystrobin + boscalid. There was no yield increase at the significance level α = 0.01 in either year. The fungicides had only a very small effect on the weight of thousand seeds, the germination rate and the essential oil content. The results of the trials showed that most of the tested preparations would be perspective for use in practice, especially under weather conditions that are more favourable for a higher incidence of severe fungal diseases. Application of fungicides reduced the occurrence of the fungi and had no negative effect on yield parameters and quality. Keywords: caraway, fungal diseases, fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 146-150 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2240-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2240-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2240-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimíra Zelená Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Veverka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effect of surfactants and liquid fertilisers on transcuticular penetration f fungicides Abstract: Penetration of active compounds into the leaves plays an important role in their systemic activity. The effect of surfactants and liquid fertilisers on the penetration of fungicides was studied in model trials with the cuticle from Bryophyllum calycinum. Solutions of the fungicides were pipetted on pieces of cuticle laid on agar covered by spores of Cladosporium cladosporioides. The diameters of the inhibitory zones were measured and served to gauge the level of penetration by the variants. The size of the inhibitory zone of the control variant of Alto Combi 420 SC pipetted on the cuticle was only reduced to 92.6% of the variant where the solution was pipetted directly onto the agar; thus, the cuticle's effect on penetration was minor. Penetration through the cuticle decreased the diameters of inhibitory zones also of other fungicides: Discus to 84.1%, Horizon 250 E to 83.0%, Baycor 25 WP to 77.7%, Topsin 500 SC to 60.0 and Amistar to 37.8% of their control variant. The high penetration by the original formulations Alto Combi and Discus left no or little room for any increase of their penetration when mixed with additives. A higher penetration by Discus would also be undesirable because of its contact activity. The additives increased penetration most when mixed with Topsin and Amistar. The effect of surfactants and liquid fertilisers on the penetration of fungicides cannot be generalised. It was unique to each fungicide/additive combination. While the conditions of the trials enabled high penetration of some original formulations, the question arises how the additives will perform under conditions that will allow only low penetration. Keywords: fungicides, surfactants, liquid fertilisers, cuticle Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 151-156 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2236-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2236-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2236-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Veverka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jindra Štolcová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Růžek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mycology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Sensitivity of fungi to urea, ammonium nitrate and their quimolar solution UAN Abstract: The sensitivity of oomycota, saprophytic and pathogenic fungi to urea, ammonium nitrate and UAN (urea plus ammonium nitrate in equimolar solution) was studied in laboratory trials. The compounds were applied in agar in concentrations of 0.06, 0.19 and 0.6M. The most toxic was urea. Ammonium nitrate inhibited the growth of fungi only in higher concentrations. In contrast, the growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis was stimulated by even the highest concentration of 0.6M ammonium nitrate. The fungi most sensitive to urea and UAN were Alternaria tenuissima, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. No synergistic effect between the two compounds in UAN was found. Urea was toxic also to Colletotrichum acutatum which does not produce urease. Likewise, the urease inhibitor NBPT did not decrease the toxicity of urea to fungi; the urea degradation product ammonia should, therefore, not be assumed to be the only toxic agent. Application of urea in agricultural practice can decrease the population of a pathogen not only by the stimulation of antagonists, but also by the direct toxic effect. The tested concentrations of 0.06-0.6M correspond to 0.36-3.6% (w/w) solution of urea and to 0.64-6.4% UAN used in agricultural practice as a 75% water solution. If the dilution and metabolisation under natural conditions is taken into account, the concentration of urea 0.06M (0.36%) was too low to have an effect of practical importance on fungi. While after application of urea on plants or on plant debris its concentration is increasing due to water evaporation, the concentration of the extremely hygroscopic UAN is decreasing. Therefore, the control effect will depend more on the applied rate than on the concentration. Keywords: urea, ammonium nitrate, UAN, fungi, urease inhibitor NBPT Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 157-164 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2239-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2239-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2239-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Beránek Author-Workplace-Name: Section Harmful Organisms - Unit of Plant Protection Methods, State Phytosanitary Administration, Brno, Czech Republic Title: First records of Leptoglossus occidentalisdemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic Abstract: In the autumn of 2006 and summer 2007 the coreid species Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 was detected in the Czech Republic for the first time as a new alien insect species. It is native to North America, where it causes important seed losses on coniferous trees, especially pines. From Europe it is known since the end of the last century, when it was introduced to Italy. Its repeated finding could indicate a vital population of this species in the Czech Republic, not only introduced individuals. Keywords: Hemiptera, western conifer seed bug, seed losses, coniferous trees Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 165-168 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2242-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2242-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200704-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2242-PPS