Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav POLÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michel RAVELONANDRO Author-Workplace-Name: Station of Plant Pathology, INRA Bordeaux, France Author-Name: Jiban KUMAR-KUNDU Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka PÍVALOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ralph SCORZA Author-Workplace-Name: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA Title: Interactions of Plum pox virus strain Rec with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus and Prune dwarf viruses in field-grown transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5 Abstract: Transgenic plums, Prunus domestica L. clone C5, were inoculated by bud grafting with Plum pox virus (PPV-Rec, recombinant strain originated from plum), PPV-Rec + Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Non-inoculated transgenic plums served as controls. Plants were grown in an open field for 5 years. They were evaluated by visible symptoms, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Mild PPV symptoms, diffuse spots or rings appeared two years after inoculation in some leaves of plants artificially inoculated with PPV-Rec, PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in leaves of shoots growing from infected buds used for inoculation. During the following three years, further weakening of PPV symptoms was observed in transgenic plants. In 2007, very mild PPV symptoms were found in only a few leaves, and over 60%, resp. 70% of the C5 trees showed no PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM and RT-PCR. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec and combinations PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. No symptoms of ACLSV appeared in combinations of ACLSV with PPV-Rec and PPV-Rec + PDV during 2004-2007, but the presence of ACLSV in leaves of transgenic plants clone C5 was proved by ELISA and RT-PCR. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of ACLSV on PPV-Rec were observed. No symptoms of PDV appeared in combinations of viruses with PDV during 2004-2007. PDV was not detected by ELISA, and the presence of PDV was uncertain by RT-PCR in most of inoculated trees in 2006 and 2007. The results of RT-PCR will be further confirmed by sequence analysis and discussed. These results suggest a possible antagonistic interaction between PPV-Rec and PDV in plum clone C5. Keywords: transgenic plum, resistance, sharka, interactions, PPV, PDV, ACLSV Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-5 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/535-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/535-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:535-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav POLÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: The production of antiserum against Myrobalan latent ringspot virus for detection of the virus using ELISA Abstract: Myrobalan latent ringspot virus (MLRSV) was purified from the extract of infected Chenopodiumquinoa Willd., using n-octanol, differential centrifugation, and saccharose gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy showed 28 nm large isometric particles in a sample of purified virus. Antiserum to MLRSV was prepared by immunisation of rabbits with intravenous injections of antigen in combination with intramuscular injections of antigen with Freund's adjuvant. The antibody titer of the obtained antiserum was determined by drop-precipitation method to be 1:1024. Immunoglobulins against MLRSV were isolated from antiserum with ammonium acetate, caprylic acid, and precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The isolated immunoglobulins (IgG) were conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The optimal dilution of IgG for detection of MLRSV using ELISA was 1×10-3μg/ml which was also the optimal dilution of conjugated IgG. Using this dilution of antibodies, the absorbance of samples from MLRSV-infected plants of C. quinoa varied between 0.71 and 1.45, while absorbance of samples from healthy plants (control) was 0.01 to 0.07. Keywords: nepovirus, MLRSV, purification, immunisation of rabbits, antiserum, IgG isolation, ELISA detection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 6-8 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/518-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/518-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:518-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Ondřej Author-Workplace-Name: Services Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radmila Dostálová Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Rudolf Trojan Author-Workplace-Name: SEMO Ltd., Smržice, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of virulence of Fusarium solani isolates on pea Abstract: The virulence of 166 Fusarium solani isolates collected in the Czech Republic from infected pea plants was evaluated. Based on the ability to produce phytotoxic naphtarazin (DHF - dihydrofusarubin), only two isolates from this collection (designated FS VG and FS We) corresponded with the characteristics of f.sp. pisi. Suitability and effectiveness of two methods of inoculation based on soaking of seed in the inoculum were evaluated. The possibility to use mixtures of inocula of different species (F. solani f.sp. pisi + F. oxysporum f.sp. pisi races 1 and 2) and of mixtures of two isolates with different virulences was explored. Employing an efficient testing method and the most virulent isolate FS VG, 184 semileafless types of field peas and garden peas were screened to find accessions with a higher level of resistance to F. solani f.sp. pisi. Keywords: pea, germplasm, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, resistance, laboratory and glasshouse screening, Czech Republic Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 9-18 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/519-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/519-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:519-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radovan Malina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ján Praslička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of temperature on the developmental rate, longevity and parasitism of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Abstract: Temperature-dependent development, longevity and parasitism of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday was measured at four constant temperatures between 15°C and 30°C using Aphis pomi de Geer as host. The thresholds for egg-mummy and mummy-adult development were 6.8°C and 3.9°C, respectively. Development into mummies required an average of 146.3 degree-days (DD), while development into adults took an average of 85.3 DD. Longevity was increasing linearly in the range from 15°C to 25°C (8-15 days), but was lower at 30°C (11 days). The relationship between parasitism, recorded as percent aphids mummified, and temperature was increasing at the temperatures 15-25°C, but decreasing at higher temperatures; 10.8% of the aphids were parasitised at 15°C, 15.9% at 25°C and 14.6% at 30°C. These results are compared with previously reported data on temperature-dependent development of A. ervi on a different host. Keywords: Aphidius ervi, development time, parasitism, longevity, thermal constants Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 19-24 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/534-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/534-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:534-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ján GALLO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Monika JELOKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Spectrum of the pests on cereal crops and influence of soil fertilisation Abstract: Our research was realised on spring barley and winter wheat in Nitra-Dolná Malanta during 2004-2006. We found that the total occurrence of the pests had decreasing tendency. The flea beetle (Phyllotreta), thrips (Thysanoptera) and cereal leaf beetle (Oulema gallaeciana) had the highest occurrences. More pests occurred on non-fertilised variants than on fertilised ones in 2004. During 2005 and 2006 there were more pests on the fertilised variants. The effect of fertilisation was the same for spring barley and winter wheat. Keywords: spring barley, winter wheat, Phyllotreta, Thysanoptera, Oulema gallaeciana, fertilisation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 25-31 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/536-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/536-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:536-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan KABÍČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Cohabitation and intraleaf distribution of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on leaves of Corylus avellana Abstract: Leaves from uncultivated and unsprayed hazelnut shrubs, Corylus avellana, were sampled from June to August 2005 to obtain information on the phytoseiid mite taxocenoses, population density and intraleaf distribution. Six phytoseiid mite species were identified, of which three, Kampimodromus aberrans, Euseius finlandicus and Neoseiulella tiliarum, were more abundant. The eudominant, slowly moving K. aberrans was found on all leaf samples. Phytoseiid population density averaged 3.16 mites per hazelnut leaf. While on most leaves only one phytoseiid species was found, on some there was cohabitation of two (rarely three) species. The three frequent species mostly inhabited the sheltered microhabitat at the veins of leaves of C. avellana. Keywords: Kampimodromus aberrans, leaf microhabitat, phytoseiid location, shelter, behavior, defensive strategy, hazelnut, fauna Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 32-36 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/3/2008-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2008-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:3-2008-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jolanta KOWALSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Control and Quarantine, Institute of Plant Protection, Poznan, Poland Title: The potential of Beauveria brongniartii and botanical insecticides based on Neem to control Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae in containerised plants Abstract: Otiorhynchus sulcatus is considered as an important pest of strawberry fields and on potted ornamental plants. The efficacy to control this pest by new Polish products containing azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii were tested. The aim of the laboratory investigation was to assess the influence of different forms of azadirachtin (A and B) and the entomopathogen on mortality and physiological development of the insect. Mortality after treatment ranged between 86-93%. There were significant differences in the mean number of surviving stages of the insect between Beauveria and neem treatments, but the final total mortality was not statistically different. Sensitivity of all developmental stages to the fungus was observed. In the neem treatments the physiological development of larvae was completely stopped. The level of control achieved by Beauveria and neem for use in outdoor containers is acceptable for practical application. Keywords: Keywords: Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Beauveria brongniartii, azadirachtin, control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 37-40 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/521-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/521-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200801-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:521-PPS