Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zvonko PACANOSKI Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Title: The myth of organic agriculture Abstract: Although many people are convinced of the superiority of organic agriculture in any form, there are many negative aspects that follow this type of agricultural system. The productivity of organic cropping systems is considerably lower than that of conventional or integrated systems and leads to less land being available for non-agricultural uses such as wildlife habitats, has greater negative impacts on the environment, and reduced sustainability. The absence of synthetic fertilisers or pesticides does not necessarily lead to an ability to produce healthy and safe food in an environmentally sustainable manner. Keywords: organic agriculture, environment, yield, pesticides, fertilisers, food Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 39-48 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/43/2008-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2008-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:43-2008-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Sayied EL-BRAMAWY Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy Department and Author-Name: Salah El-Sayed EL-HENDAWY Author-Workplace-Name: Agronomy Department and Author-Name: Waleed Ibrahim SHABAN Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt Title: Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenotypical traits to screen sesame accessions for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases Abstract: Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (FOS) and Macrophomina phaseolina (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH. Keywords: branch number, infection percentage, days to maturity, seed color Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 49-58 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/10/2008-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2008-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:10-2008-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jindra ŠTOLCOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Insect damage to and mortality of seedlings of Chenopodium album L. and Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve Abstract: During 1997-1999, the damage and mortality caused by insect herbivores to pigweed (Chenopodium album) and wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus) were studied in an early fallow field at Prague-Ruzyně. The highest abundances of Ch. Album and F. convolvulus (83 and 3.5 plants/m2, resp.) were recorded in 1999, the lowest (11.6 and 0.3 plants/m2, resp.) in 1998. Mortality was low in 1997 (9.6% and 1.4%, resp.) and 1999 (4.0% and 2.5%, resp.), but high in 1998 (25% and 10%, resp.) due to concurrent drought. In accordance with previous studies on Thlaspi arvense, herbivory and concurrent drought may increase the mortality of Ch. Album and F. convolvulus seedlings, and thereby alter the species composition of the weed community during secondary succession. Keywords: pigweed, Chenopodium album L., wild buckwheat, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, flea beetle, Phyllotreta spp., herbivory, phytophagous insect, secondary succession, fallow Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 59-65 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/21/2008-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2008-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:21-2008-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloslav ZOUHAR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej DOUDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: David LHOTSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roman PAVELA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Medicine, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effect of plant essential oils on mortality of the stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the nematicidal activity of different essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants for use in nematode management. Essential oils of Eugenia caryophyllata, Origanum compactum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus matschiana and Thymus vulgaris showed nematicidal activity against Ditylenchus dipsaci. Keywords: Keywords: Ditylenchus dipsaci, essential oils, control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 66-73 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/6/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:6-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Libor JANKOVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildilfe Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ottmar HOLDENRIEDER Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Title: Chalara fraxinea - ash dieback in the Czech Republic Abstract: The causal agent of ash dieback, the hyphomycete Chalara fraxinea, was isolated from a Fraxinus excelsior cv. Pendula tree, in the Arboretum Křtiny between Křtiny and Jedovnice in Drahany Highland, and subsequently from several other locations in South Moravia in the Czech Republic. The infection was associated with severe twig dieback and symptoms of ash dieback were observed in many locations across the Czech Republic. The morphology of C. fraxinea is described and an ITS sequence is provided. Hymenoscyphus albidus, the teleomorph of C. fraxinea, is known as a quit common species from precedent mycofloristic studies provided in different areas in the Czech Republic. Keywords: Chalara fraxinea, ash dieback, Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus angustifolia, ash, distribution, Hymenoscyphus albidus Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-78 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/45/2008-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2008-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-200902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:45-2008-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Veverka Title: A. Lebeda, P.T.N. Spencer-Phillips, B.M. Cooke (eds) - The Downy Mildews - Genetics, Molecular Biology and Control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 79-80 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1536-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1536-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:1536-PPS