Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khabbaz SALAHEDDIN Author-Workplace-Name: General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama, Syria Author-Name: Veeramuthu VALLUVAPARIDASAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Duraisamy LADHALAKSHMI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Rethinasamy VELAZHAHAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Management of bacterial blight of cotton using a mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis Abstract: The potential of antagonistic rhizobacteria in the management of bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. In this study, 93 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of cotton were screened for their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Xam in vitro. Among them, 21 isolates were found to inhibit the in vitro growth of Xam. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis based on phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and using 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among the 21 isolates, the isolates P. fluorescens Pf32 and P. fluorescens Pf93 and B. subtilis B49 exhibited the maximum inhibitory activity against Xam. Talc-based powder formulations of the effective antagonistic isolates of P. fluorescens (Pf32, Pf93) and B. subtilis (B49) were developed and evaluated individually and in combination for their efficacy in the management of bacterial blight of cotton under greenhouse and field conditions. The P. fluorescens isolates Pf32 and Pf93 and Bacillus subtilis isolate B49 survived well in the talc-based formulation for more than 90 days. The application of a mixture of Pf32, Pf93 and B49 to seed, soil and foliage significantly reduced the bacterial blight incidence and increased the plant height, number of branches and number of bolls under field conditions. The plots treated with a mixture of Pf32, Pf93 and B49 recorded the maximum yield of 1915 kg/ha and 1512 kg/ha in trial I and trial II compared to 1210 kg/ha and 987 kg/ha in the untreated control, respectively. Keywords: Keywords: biological control, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Gossypium hirsutum, bacterial blight Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 41-50 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/20/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:20-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Joseph Rili Cumagun Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Protection Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines Author-Name: Jelmer Abejuela Aguirre Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Plant Industry, Economic Garden, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Author-Name: Cherry Apin Relevante Author-Workplace-Name: East West Seed Company, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Philippines Author-Name: Conrado Hubay Balatero Author-Workplace-Name: East West Seed Company, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Philippines Title: Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. in bottle gourd and bitter gourd Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for a large range of diseases on economically important crops such as bitter gourd and bottle gourd. Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of F. oxysporum in bitter gourd and bottle gourd isolated from two breeding stations of East-West Company in the Philippines namely San Ildefonso, Bulacan and Lipa, Batangas were tested. Eleven F. oxysporum isolates from bitter gourd and 12 isolates from bottle gourd were inoculated on 7-day and 1-month-old bitter gourd and bottle gourd plants in the greenhouse. All F. oxysporum isolates from bitter gourd were pathogenic on 7-day-old and 1-month-old bitter gourd and nine out of 12 isolates from bottle gourd were pathogenic on bottle gourd. Three isolates from the infested soil were non-pathogenic on bottle gourd. There was a significant difference in aggressiveness of the isolates on their natural hosts (P ≤ 0.05). There also was a significant difference in the aggressiveness of isolates pathogenic on bitter gourd from Batangas and Bulacan (P ≤ 0.05) but isolates from Batangas and Bulacan had similar aggressiveness as bottle gourd (P ≥ 0.05). Aggressiveness of F. oxysporum on 7-day-old bitter gourd and bottle gourd was significantly different compared to those on 1-month-old plants, demonstrating an effect of the host age onaggressiveness. Correlations between aggressiveness of F. oxysporum isolates on 7-day-old and 1-month-old bitter gourd and bottle gourd were moderate (r = 0.63, 0.78). Out of 12 isolates from bottle gourd, only one isolate was pathogenic on 7-day-old bitter gourd. Four of the isolates from bitter gourd were pathogenic on 7-day-old bottle gourd but not on 1-month-old bottle gourd. No cross infection was observed on mature plants. Keywords: bitter gourd, bottle gourd, Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenaria ciceraria, Momordica charantia Linn., pathogenicity, aggressiveness Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 51-58 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/18/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:18-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kamil HUDEC Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Darina Muchová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Station in Malý Šariš, CVRV in Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: Influence of temperature and species origin on Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale pathogenicity to wheat seedlings Abstract: The influence of temperature and species origin on the in vitro growth rate and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Microdochium nivale (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and M. nivale) to wheat seedlings was examined. The mycelial growth of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. poae was the fastest at 25°C, and of M. nivale at 15°C. The isolates of F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae originating from mountain regions grew significantly faster at 15°C than those from flatland regions. The isolates from flatland regions grew significantly faster at 25°C than those from mountain regions. F. culmorum and F. graminearum were the most pathogenic species to the root development. The retardation of wheat grain germination caused by the tested species was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae. The biomass growth retardation at 15°C was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae; at 25°C as follows: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, M. nivale, F. poae. The isolates of M. nivale and F. poae originating from mountain regions were significantly more pathogenic than those from flatland regions. The results suggest that there exist different temperature ecotypes and pathotypes of Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale across the territory of the Slovak Republic. Keywords: Fusarium, wheat, seedlings, pathogenicity, in vitro growth, ecotypes Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 59-65 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/12/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:12-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal ONDŘEJ Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Bohumír CAGAŠ Author-Workplace-Name: OSEVA PRO, Ltd., Grassland Research Station Rožnov-Zubří, Zubří, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška ONDRÁČKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Research, Breeding and Services, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Effect of the mycoflora of ergot (Claviceps purpurea)sclerotia on their viability Abstract: Twenty fungal species were isolated from sclerotia of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) originating from rye. In in vitro tests with the anamorphic stage of ergot (known as Sphacelia segetum) high mycoparasitic activity was exhibited only by two of them - Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum, moderate mycoparasitic activity was detected in Ulocladium sp., Clonostachys catenulata, Trichoderma hamatum, and Trichothecium roseum. In in vitro tests of mycoparasitic activity with sclerotia of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum their rapid and total destruction was brought about only by the fungi Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum. The viability of overwintering ergot sclerotia in the soil was influenced by their placement, age, depth of placement and treatment with a conidial suspension of the fungus Clonostachys rosea. The highest viability values were reported in fresh one-year-old sclerotia. In two-year-old sclerotia their viability was reduced and their sensitivity to microbial activity was higher. The sclerotia aged 3 years or more did not germinate and were all microbiologically degraded in the soil. More than 80% of degradation of sclerotia which were 1 to 2 years old was caused by the fungus Clonostachys rosea. The degradation of sclerotia aged 3 to 4 years was brought about by bacteria, soil edafauna (mites, nematodes) and fungi of the genera Trichoderma, Fusarium, Clonostachys, etc. Keywords: sclerotia, Claviceps purpurea, mycoflora of sclerotia, mycoparasitic degradation of sclerotia, Clonostachys rosea Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 66-71 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/48/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/48/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:48-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sedigheh Taheri Author-Workplace-Name: Diseases Department, Plant Protection Department, Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Zarghan, Iran Author-Name: Jabraeil Razmjou Author-Workplace-Name: Diseases Department, Plant Protection Department, Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Zarghan, Iran Author-Name: Nowzar Rastegari Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pest & Title: Fecundity and development rate of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L) (Hom.: Aphididae) on six wheat cultivars Abstract: Rhopalosiphum padi is a polyphagous species with a nearly worldwide distribution. Biological parameters of this aphid on six commonly grown wheat cultivars in the Fars province including Chamran, Darab2, Shiraz, Ghods, Marvdasht and Niknezhad were investigated at the two-leaf stage of wheat. The experiments were carried out at 24 ± 5°C, 65 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 14:10 h (L:D) in a greenhouse. The number of nymphs per female of R. padi was 62.05, 55.84, 49.89, 47.63, 42.76 and 40.65 (nymphs/female) on Niknezhad, Shiraz, Ghods, Marvdasht, Chamran, and Darab2, respectively. Also, the highest and the lowest rm values of this aphid were obtained on Niknezhad (0.381 per day) and Darab2 (0.328 per day), respectively. In addition, other population growth indices were estimated. In general, a high level of antibiosis in Darab2 compared with the other tested cultivars may decrease the population density of R. padi on wheat and also cause a suppression of cereal viruses (e.g. BYDV) and reduce the pesticide application to wheat fields of Iran. Keywords: Rhopalosiphum padi, wheat cultivars, biological parameters Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 72-78 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/10/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:10-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Kabíček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Scarceness of phytoseiid species co-occurrence (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on leafletsof Juglans regia Abstract: In order to obtain information on the phytoseiid mite taxocoenoses, population density and frequency of occurrence on leaflets of Juglans regia, abandoned and uncultivated trees were sampled from July to August 2007. Eight phytoseiid mite species (Euseius finlandicus, Neoseiulella aceri, Neoseiulella tiliarum, Typhlodromus pyri, Typhlodromus cotoneastri, Phytoseius turiacus, Amblyseius andersoni, Paraseiulus triporus) were identified. Total phytoseiid population density averaged 1.4 mites per leaflet. The most abundant was Euseius finlandicus, and Neoseiulella aceri was the second most common species. The predominant presence of only one phytoseiid species per walnut leaflet was noted, but the co-occurrence of two species (mostly E. finlandicus with N. aceri) was also observed. The simultaneous occurrence of three phytoseiid species on a single leaflet was seldom detected and the cohabitation of more than three species per leaflet was not observed. Keywords: cohabitation, phytoseiid taxocoenoses, competitive displacement, mite, natural control, walnut-tree Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 79-82 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/32/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:32-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Štěpánka Radová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of selected pesticides on the vitality and virulence of the entomopathogenicnematode Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) Abstract: The survival and infectivity of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) were determined after being exposed to 8 insecticides (a.i. kinoprene, lufenuron, methomyl, metoxyfenozide, oxamyl, piperonyl-butoxide, pyriproxyfen, tebufenozide), 7 acaricides (a.i. azocyclotin, clofentezin, diafenthiuron, etoxazole, fenbutatinoxide, fenpyroximate, tebufenpyrad) and 4 fungicides (a.i. captan, fenhexamid, kresoxim-methyl, nuarimol) under laboratory conditions. S. feltiae was tolerant to all tested insecticides and fungicides, mortality during 72 hours varied from 2.26% to 18.68 % and from 7.04% to 8.86%, respectively. Acaricides with a.i. fenpyroximate and tebufenpyrad considerably influenced the S. feltiae ability to infect larvae of Tenebrio molitor. Tebufenpyrad caused 95% and fenpyroximate 85% reduction in S. feltiae virulence. These results suggest that S. feltiae can be applied in combination with all tested pesticides except the acaricides with a.i. tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate. Keywords: Steinernema feltiae, compatibility, integrated pest management, acaricides, insecticides, fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 83-88 Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/35/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201002-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:2:id:35-2009-PPS