Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Mazáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloslav Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Táborský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ervín hausvater Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Protection, Potato Research Institute in Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Protection, Potato Research Institute in Havlíčkův Brod, Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Mating type distribution of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic in 2007 and 2008 Abstract: A total of 195 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from late blight-diseased potatoes grown in several localities in the Czech Republic during the years 2007-2008. The isolates were analysed for mating type using the pairing test, CAPS marker assays and PCR assays. Of the 195 tested isolates, 28% were of the A1 mating type and 75% corresponded to the A2 mating type. Furthermore, oospores of P. infestans were microscopically detected in leaf samples from one locality. Keywords: late blight, pathogen, pairing test, CAPS, PCR, oospore detection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 89-97 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/49/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:49-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana Klenová-Jiráková Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Leona Leišová-Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alena Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Diversity of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae) isolates detected by virulence and AFLP analyses Abstract: Forty Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae isolates from several European countries and Israel were tested for virulence to 18 differential oat lines. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate diversity among the studied isolates. Twenty-nine different pathotypes were identified. The prevailing occurrence of pathotypes with a limited number of virulence genes may indicate that oat cultivars grown in Europe possess the limited number of resistance genes. A total of 501 AFLP polymorphic fragments were scored in the studied isolates using twelve primer combinations. All isolates had the unique AFLP molecular pattern. The genetic similarity of isolates from Serbia. Austria and from the Czech Republic indicates that oat crown rust urediniospores may often migrate to particular areas. The number of virulence genes in isolates also seems to play an important role in the clustering. Most isolates possessing a lower number of virulence genes (0-4) were grouped into two clusters, whereas another cluster was composed of a majority of isolates with 4-7 virulence genes. A significant correlation relationship of 0.187 (P = 0.007) was found between AFLP and virulence/avirulence genes based on distance matrices. Keywords: Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae, oat crown rust, oat, virulence, AFLP, diversity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 98-106 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/17/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:17-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloslav Zouhar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Mazáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Evženie Prokinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Quantification of Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa mycelium in wheat apical meristem by real-time PCR Abstract: In the Czech Republic, three closely related species of the genus Tilletia belong to pathogens that cause significant losses of wheat crops by replacing grains with a mass of teliospores. A quantitative real-time qPCR assay using SYBR Green I has been developed to quantify the amount of T. caries and T. controversa mycelium in apical meristems of different wheat varieties. The real-time PCR reaction was validated by evaluating selected extraction methods, examining the specificity of designed target-specific IGS primers and verifying the optimised amplification reaction on naturally infected wheat plants. The PCR detection limit for the specific identification of fungal DNA was 0.22 ng of mycelium, and the negative correlation between the target DNA quantity and cycle threshold (Ct) was high with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.992. The developed method was used to quantify pathogens mycelium in five wheat varieties in the range from 0.34 ng to 15 µg per one growing tip. Keywords: Tilletia spp., real-time PCR, apical meristem, absolute quantification Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 107-115 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/50/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:50-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Subramanian Jeyarani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Natarajan Sathiah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Palaniappan Karuppuchamy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Field efficacy of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedro-virus isolates against H. armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cotton and chickpea in Tamil Nadu Abstract: Field efficacy of seven geographical isolates of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV) along with an insecticide control was evaluated against H. armigera on cotton and chickpea in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Among the HaNPV isolates, CBE I (Coimbatore) and NEG (Negamum) applied at 3.0 × 1012 POB/ha to cotton and 1.5 × 1012 POB/ha to chickpea with an adjuvant, crude sugar, significantly reduced the H. armigera larval population and increased the yield. CBE I and NEG recorded the highest yield of 2038 kg/ha and 2033 kg/ha, which was on a par with endosulfan (2026.7 kg/ha) with cost/benefit ratios of 1:2.32, 1:2.48, and 1:1.12, respectively, on cotton. In chickpea grain yields of 980, 983, and 973.3 kg/ha and cost/benefit ratios of 1:1.36, 1:1.48 and 1:0.87, respectively, in CBE I, NEG and endosulfan treated plots were obtained. The isolate RAJ (Rajasthan) recorded the lowest yield comparable to that of the untreated control in both crops. Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, nucleopolyhedrovirus, geographical isolates, endosulfan Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 116-122 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/30/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:30-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed A. M. Osman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt Title: Biological efficacy of some biorational and conventional insecticides in the control of different stages of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Abstract: The biological efficacy of some biorational and conventional insecticides against different stages of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Seven different commercial products were tested, including the biorational insecticides: Spinosad, Mectin, Fitoverm, Match, Neemix in addition to two conventional insecticides: Actara and Actellic. Data indicated that all tested insecticides showed low toxic effects to L. decemlineata eggs, but most hatching neonates died shortly after hatching. All tested insecticides at their field rates showed high toxicity to larvae of L. decemlineata. The highest mortality was obtained in earlier instars, as compared to older ones, and mortality increased with the time of exposure. Moreover, the lower concentrations (up to 25% of the field rate) of Actara, Mectin, Spinosad, and Fitoverm showed high efficacy against L. decemlineata third instar larvae. Also, Actara caused the highest mortality in L. decemlineata adults, followed by Spinosad, Mectin, and Fitoverm as compared to Actellic, Match, and Neemix. In pupal bioassay, Fitoverm caused the greatest reduction in L. decemlineata adult emergence followed by Mectin, Actara, Actellic and Spinosad. In translocation bioassays, Actara caused the highest mortality in L. decemlineata 3rd instar larvae or adults followed by Spinosad and Mectin. The residual activity of tested insecticides against third instar larvae was also evaluated. Actara, Spinosad, and Mectin were more persistent under field conditions, consequently the mortality rates after 30 days of application were 46.67%, 44.44%, and 35.56%, respectively. Keywords: Leptinotarsa decemlineata, biorational and conventional insecticides, survival, mortality, translocation, residual effect Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 123-134 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/27/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:27-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Vostřel Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute, Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: Bifenazate, a prospective acaricide for spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) control in Czech hops Abstract: Bifenazate, a new selective carbazate acaricide, seems to be a very good substitute for propargite to control spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on hops in the Czech Republic. To investigate the phenomenon of T. urticae resistance to this compound, 20 samples of field populations were taken in several Czech and Moravian hop-growing regions in 2006 and 2007 and subjected to laboratory tests in a Potter tower. Low values of C100 M (100% mortality) in comparison with the supposed registered concentration reveal that bifenazate may become a useful acaricide within the anti-resistant strategy against T. urticae not only in Czech but also in all European hop-growing regions. Keywords: two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), hop (Humulus lupulus L.), hop protection, acaricide, bifenazate, resistance, LC90, C100 M, anti-resistant strategy Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 135-138 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/54/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201003-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:54-2009-PPS