Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín DREISEITL Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in the Czech Republic from 2009 to 2010 Abstract: Virulences to powdery mildew resistances in barley cultivars mostly carrying unknown resistances were determined in 2009 and 2010. Random spore samples of the airborne pathogen populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained by means of a mobile version of a jet spore sampler by travelling across theCzech Republic. In total 301 isolates were studied, 55 differentials carrying mostly unknown resistances were used and 80 pathotypes were found, of which 26 representing 73.1% of isolates were detected in both years. Virulence frequencies showed a wide range from 0% to 100%. Complexity of the 2010 population slightly increased, mostly due to increasing frequencies of virulence to new resistances, whereas the complexity of virulences to resistances in most other differentials decreased. Pathotype 00027 was the most abundant (10.0%). Diversity of the 2010 population considerably increased due to changes in virulence frequencies. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., powdery mildew resistances, pathogen population, virulence frequencies, diversity parameters Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 43-51 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/44/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:44-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jozef Huszár Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovak Republic Title: Occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary and Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. on Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. in Slovak Republic Abstract: The polyphagous pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary causes significant diseases of sunflower and oil-seed rape while Diaporthe wilt, invoked by the pathogen Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt-Cvet. et al., is another important disease of sunflower in Slovakia. Since 2001 we have identified S. sclerotiorum on Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. in three locations and the infestation of I. xanthiifolia by D. helianthi has been observed only in one location of western Slovakia. The infestation of I. xanthiifolia by Sclerotinia disease and by D. helianthi has been observed only after secondary ascospore infection in sunflower fields. Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi, Iva xanthiifolia, Helianthus annuus Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 52-54 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/43/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:43-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucie Slavíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Author-Name: Jan Mikulka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Author-Name: Jiban Kumar Kundu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Tolerance of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroide) to sylfonylurea herbicides in the Czech Republic Abstract: Seeds of three blackgrass populations fromSouthern Bohemiawere collected in 2007-2008. Biological tests with chlorsulfuron were performed at the 2-3 leaf stage. Some plants survived after treatment with the highest dose 37.5 g/ha. Biological tests showed a resistant phenotype to chlorsulfuron. Leaves of these plants were analysed by dCAPS assay. Two domains of ALS gene: domain A ‒ P197 and domain B ‒ W574 were targeted by PCR with regenerated primers P197 containing BamHI site and W574 containing site BstXI. PCR products of all tested samples were cleaved by BamHI in the codon P197. No mutation of proline in P197 was found out. The codon W574 PCR product of the samples was not cleaved by BstXI. Keywords: Alopecurus myosuroides, ALS, resistance, sulfonylurea, dCAPS Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 55-61 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/13/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:13-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nnennaya O. Agbenin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Title: Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes: prospects and challenges for the poor Africa farmer Abstract: Africacontains a larger part of world's developing countries with their associated problems of food security and healthy environment. Pollution and its grave consequences are among the greatest challenges of the tropics and affect the choice of management strategies in agriculture. Biocontrol as an integral part of management is an attractive option for plant parasitic nematodes that should be pursued besides the cultural practices of crop rotation and organic amendment to include the use of microorganisms isolated, cultured and packaged in the tropics for tropical farmers. Exploring biocontrol in nematode management is yet unattainable for the tropical farmer, not until research and manpower development in this area are encouraged by both governments and donor agencies. Keywords: nematodes, food security, Africa Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 62-67 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/46/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:46-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Láska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Natural Science Faculty, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Biology of Trioza apicalis - a review Abstract: The morphology and biology of immature stages and the distinguishing characters of generations in summer are briefly reviewed. The time of migration of the overwintered generation and the use of the median flight time are given. The longevity of overwintered adults, and the start and course of oviposition by overwintered females were observed mainly during June and July. The interval between adult emergence and flights from carrots appears to be very short, 2-3 days. Departure from developmental summer host plants culminates at the beginning of September. The sex ratio of the overwintered generation is not persistent, since it is usually female-biased. In emerged adults in summer the ratio is 50:50, with weak protandry. The systemic action of sucking for the curling of leaves was found by Láska already in 1964. Inliterature records, both subspecies of Daucus carota dominate as developmental hosts, more recently Coriandrum sativum was shown to be more suitable than Petroselinum hortense. Norway spruce, and to a lesser extent other conifers, are predominantly mentioned as overwintering shelter plants. It is not clear how overwintering occurs in regions without coniferous forests, and only undefined shrubs or trees are given in the literature. The first damage was reported inDenmark about in 1896, spreading from about 1918 over just a few years to the other Fennoscandian countries, and later in some other European countries. The spring migration is discussed, which occurs in central and northern Europe on the same date, perhaps explicable by the orientation of this pest or its particular populations to long days, despite the climate and phenology of each region. It is hypothesised that a particularly aggressive race evolved inSjaelland (Denmark) at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, which later spread to other regions of northern and centralEurope. Keywords: Trioza apicalis Förster, Daucus carota L., immature stages, migration, systemic action of sucking, photoperiod, population Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 68-78 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:1-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kůdela Author-Name: K. Reinink Author-Name: R. Singh Author-Name: M.P. Widrlechner Title: Professor Aleš Lebeda at sixty - Biografical notice Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 79-82 Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/20/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:47:y:2011:i:2:id:20-2011-PPS