Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amir Behzad AKHGARI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mostafa MOTALLEBI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Reza ZAMANI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Title: Bean polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein expressed in transgenic Brassica napus inhibits polygalacturonase from its fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Abstract: Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) selectively inhibit polygalacturonases (PGs) secreted by invading plant pathogenic fungi. The objective of present research was to clone and introduce the pgip2 gene from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Goli, with antifungal potential, into the commercially important canola (Brassica napus, R line Hyola 308) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Here we used a transgenic overexpression approach in order to investigate the inhibitory activity of the PGIP on the PG from Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of damping off and root rot of canola. PGIP expression was determined in the functional inhibition assays against fungal PGs. Crude protein extracts prepared from transgenic canola leaves were found to inhibit the R. solani PG from 29% to 37% as compared to untransformed plants. The putative transgenic canola lines harbouring the pgip2 gene encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins were identified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Keywords: canola, bean, transformation, PGIP Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-9 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/46/2009-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2009-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:46-2009-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bohumír Cagaš Author-Workplace-Name: OSEVA Development and Research Ltd., Zubří, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Macháč Author-Workplace-Name: OSEVA Development and Research Ltd., Zubří, Czech Republic Title: Effect of some factors on the incidence of choke (Epichloë typhina) in grass seed stands in the Czech Republic Abstract: Choke of grasses caused by Epichloë typhina occurred in 2008 and 2009 in more than 25% of grass seed stands of timothy (Phleum pratense and P. nodosum); a lower incidence was reported in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). A decline in disease incidence in 2010 was caused partly by a reduction in the total area of grasses grown for seed production and partly by a decrease of older grass seed stands. The incidence of choke in timothy varieties Odenwälder and Pampas was very high; they differed statistically from the other 24 grown cultivars. No difference was found among 21 varieties of orchard grass. The highest incidence of choke was observed in varieties Comer and Dolina (timothy) and Amera (orchard grass). The incidence of choke in cultivated varieties of Phleum spp. and D. glomerata was affected by stand age (the incidence of the disease in timothy was recorded in 13% of stands in the first cropping year and in 50% of stands in the fifth cropping year). Choke disease occurred in all regions where the species were grown for seed. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Phleum nodosum, age, varieties, grass seed Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 10-16 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/44/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:44-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín DREISEITL Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Frequency of powdery mildew resistances in spring barley cultivars in Czech variety trials Abstract: In 2006-2010, resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen was studied in 277 spring barley cultivars. They were represented by 54 cultivars in Czech official variety trials, of which 42 were foreign, and 223 cultivars in variety trials conducted by domestic breeding companies in that period. Sixty-eight domestic cultivars (28.8%) exhibited heterogeneity in the examined trait, i.e. they were composed of lines with different resistances to powdery mildew. Thirteen known resistances were identified (Ab, Ar, HH, La, Ly, Mlo, Ri, Ro, Ru, Sp, St, Tu2 and We). The most frequent resistance was Mlo detected in 160 homogeneous cultivars (= 76.6%). The newly described resistance Ro was found in 13 cultivars. Frequency of other resistances was low (maximally 2.4%). Unknown resistances were found in 16 cultivars, in five of which they were effective to all used pathotypes of the pathogen. Research on cultivars possessing unknown resistances and registered heterogeneous cultivars continues. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Hordeum vulgare Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 17-20 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/11/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:11-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Péter Hoffmann Author-Workplace-Name: BASF Hungária Kft., Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: István Füzi Author-Workplace-Name: BASF Hungária Kft., Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Ferenc Virányi Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Indirect effect of fungicide treatments on chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator Schwein overwintering on grapevine bark Abstract: Erysiphe necator Schwein overwinters in Hungary primarily as large numbers of chasmothecia providing primary inoculum for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) infection in the next year. In two field trials, the effect of fungicide treatments on powdery mildew severity and the number of chasmothecia produced on leaves and washed to the bark were studied. In 2005, the number of chasmothecia harvested from the bark showed a limited correlation with disease severity (r = 0.553) and number of chasmothecia on leaves (r = 0.600). In 2006, using a refined sieving technique, a substantial increase in the number of harvested chasmothecia could be achieved resulting in a much closer correlation between the variables above (r = 0.750 and r = 0.886, respectively). Among the fungicides applied, boscalid and fluquinconazole (SC formulation) showed the most significant activity by decreasing both the autumn leaf infection and the formation of chasmothecia on the leaves and providing the lowest number of chasmothecia on bark. The research underlined the importance of fungicide applications made in the previous year to decrease the amount of overwintering inoculum and to help protect grapevines from powdery mildew infection in the next year. Keywords: grapevine powdery mildew, Vitis vinifera, chemical control, perennation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 21-30 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/66/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:66-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuldeep YADAV Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory and Author-Name: Narender SINGH Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory and Author-Name: Ashok AGGARWAL Author-Workplace-Name: Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal technology for the growth enhancement of micropropagated Spilanthes acmella Murr Abstract: Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae) is an endangered ornamental cum medicinal annual herb. This study reports on the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis) applied either alone or in combination on post-transplanting performance of micropropagated S. acmella. Complete plantlets of S. acmella were raised by direct organogenesis from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various cytokinins. S. acmella plantlets responded to all three mycorrhizal treatments in a significantly different way. G. mosseae enhanced the survival rate of S. acmella plantlets to 100%. Plant height, plant spread, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, biomass production, and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in AM inoculated plantlets as compared to the uninoculated ones. This clearly demonstrates that AM inoculation improved not only the survival rate of micropropagated plantlets but also their growth and biomass yield. Keywords: Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora laevis, Spilanthes acmella, acclimatisation, micropropagation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 31-36 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/21/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:21-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kunal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Author-Name: Poonam Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Title: Influence of pesticide-treated seeds on survival of Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer, symbiotic efficiency and yield in chickpea Abstract: Chemical seed protectants are used to reduce the adverse effects of seedling fungal pathogens or insect attack on legume pastures and crops. Chickpea seeds are also frequently treated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer inoculant to promote effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), which seems to be a cost effective measure. The population of viable Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer on seeds of chickpea declined with time of storage (4°C) in pesticide treated and untreated chickpea seeds in vitro. A significant reduction in chickpea rhizobia was observed in seed treatment with Captan followed by Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos. In a field experiment during the winter season 2006-2008, no difference in the emergence count of chickpea plants was observed. Treatments inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone or along with Captan, Chlorpyrifos or Endosulfan showed improved plant growth and symbiotic parameters (plant height, nodulation, leghaemoglobin content, and nitrogen content) in comparison with the uninoculated control treatment. Significantly higher grain yield (9.6%) was observed in the treatment inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone as compared to the uninoculated control. A non-significant difference in grain yield among treatments where Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer along with a mixture of fungicide and insecticides was applied was observed in contrast to the Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer treatment. In conclusion, the recommended rates of fungicide and insecticides as seed treatment were not detrimental to chickpea-Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer symbiosis, hence they can be safely used to obtain higher productivity. Keywords: gram, Mesorhizobium, captan, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, SNF Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 37-43 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/54/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:54-2010-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stanislava Koprdová Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health and Author-Name: Pavel Saska Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health and Author-Name: Alois Honěk Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health and Author-Name: Zdenka Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Agroecology, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Susceptibility of the early growth stages of volunteer oilseed rape to invertebrate predation Abstract: Chemical and agronomical control of volunteer plants is difficult, especially in reduced-input cropping systems where feeding by natural herbivores may become an important cause of their mortality. The consumption of the early growth stages of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. napus) by five species of ground-surface invertebrates abundant in rape fields of Central Europe was studied under laboratory conditions. The species were particular in their preferences for growth stages of oilseed rape. The gastropods Arion lusitanicus and Helix pomatia preferred seedlings rather than seeds, whereas all three species of arthropods rejected seedlings. Pseudoophonus rufipes consumed all seed stages with similar intensity, while Pterostichus melanarius readily accepted fresh, dry and imbibed seeds. The overall consumption by the isopod Armadillidium vulgare was low and concentrated on exhumed seeds. Seeds and the early growth stages of oilseed rape are thus susceptible to invertebrate predation, each stage being killed by a specific group of invertebrate predators. Keywords: volunteer seeds, seed and seedling mortality, carabid beetles, gastropods, terrestrial isopods Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 44-50 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/22/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201201-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:22-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.K. Kundu Author-Name: J. Chod Title: Assoc. Prof. Ing. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc. - septuagenarian Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 51-52 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/9/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:9-2012-PPS