Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Piterková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka Luhová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludmila Zajoncová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Šebela Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Petřivalský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Modulation of polyamine catabolism in pea seedlings by calcium during salinity stress Abstract: The relation of polyamine catabolism in the response of Pisum sativum to salinity stress was investigated. Pea seedlings were grown in increasing concentrations of Na+ or K+ or at different concentration ratios of these ions. We studied the effect of Ca2+ supplementation on plants exposed to salinity stress. The parameters measured in the roots and shoots of pea seedlings included biomass production, levels of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and polyamines and activity of enzymes of polyamine catabolism: diamine oxidase, aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase and peroxidases. Salinity induced increased polyamine levels and higher activity of enzymes participating in polyamine degradation. Supplementation of Ca2+ had a positive effect on biomass production and in most cases it stabilised both the polyamine level and the activity of the studied enzymes. Our results confirm the role of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase and polyamine catabolism in defence mechanisms of pea plants under salinity stress. Keywords: Keywords: Pisum sativum, calcium ions, potassium ions, enzyme activity, aminoaldehyde dehydro- genase Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 53-64 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/62/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:62-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Šafránková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence of Peronospora dianthicola on carnations in the Czech Republic Abstract: A downy mildew disease was observed on leaves of Dianthus chinensis L. cv. Scarlet in Brno in June 2011. Characteristics of visual symptoms and microscopic features are described. The morphology of the fungus was typical of Peronospora dianthicola, conforming to the published description by Francis (1983). P. dianthicola causing leaf spots on Dianthus has been recorded for the first time in the Czech Republic. Keywords: downy mildew, visual symptoms, Dianthus chinensis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 72-73 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/63/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/63/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:63-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sallam M.A. Nashwa Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Author-Name: Kamal A.M Abo-Elyousr Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Title: Evaluation of various plant extracts against the early blight disease of tomato plants under greenhouse and field conditions Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus), Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed), Nerium oleander (Oleander), and Allium sativum (Garlic) was tested for controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively), while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration. The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively). D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control. All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions. Keywords: Alternaria solani, Neem, Sweat Basil, Eucalyptus, Oleander, Garlic, Jimsonweed, antimicrobial activity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-79 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/14/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:14-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abbas Mohammadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran Author-Name: Reza Farrokhi Nejad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran Author-Name: Nasrin Noras Mofrad Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran$2 Title: Fusarium verticillioides from sugarcane, vegetative compatibility groups and pathogenicity Abstract: Sugarcane plant samples affected by the disease pokkah boeng were collected from the major sugarcane producing areas in Iran. Fifty isolates of Fusarium verticillioides were recovered from diseased sugarcanes. Results of pathogenicity tests revealed that all isolates were pathogenic to sugarcane. Four hundred and eighty-five nitrate non-utilising mutants were generated from F. verticillioides isolates. Media used for nit mutant generation included potato dextrose agar, minimal medium and Czapeck agar amended with 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% potassium chlorate. Nit mutants were divided into three phenotypic (nit1, nit3, and nitM) classes based on their growth on different nitrogen sources in the culture media. Among the isolates tested, 280, 115 and 90 nit1, nit3, and nit M were generated, respectively. Nit mutants were used to force the heterokaryon formation to determine the distribution of VCGs and their relation to pathogenicity and geographic origin. Forty-eight VCGs of F. verticillioides were isolated from sugarcane. Forty-six of the VCGs were represented by a single isolate, whereas the remaining two comprised two isolates. None of the VCGs was common. Keywords: pokkah boeng, Fusarium, mutant, nit Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 80-84 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/49/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:49-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nasir Saberi RISEH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad GHADAMYARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Behnam MOTAMEDINIYA Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Centre of Baluchestan, Baluchestan, Iran Title: Biochemical characterisation of α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases from red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Col.: Curculionide) Abstract: The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is one of the most destructive pests of palm trees in the southeast of Iran. Digestion in the alimentary canal of the red palm weevil is facilitated by some carbohydrases. Results of the in vitro studies indicated the presence of α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases in the digestive system and haemolymph of this pest. In the digestive system of females, the activities of α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase were higher than those of β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase. Also, the specific activity of α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases in the female digestive system was much higher than that in larvae. Results showed that the highest activities of α- and β-glucosidases were at pH 5 and of α- and β-galactosidases at pH 4. The R. ferrugineus α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases have an optimum temperature activity at 50, 50-60, 40-60, and 40°C, respectively. A zymogram pattern in the native gel revealed that R. ferrugineus α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases in the digestive system showed 2, 3, 1 and 1 major bands, respectively. The activity of α-glucosidase in the digestive system of larvae and female adults was higher than that of the other carbohydrases. Therefore, it is the most important subject for further study and design of a new approach to the control of this pest using carbohydrase inhibitors. Keywords: carbohydrates, digestive system, palm trees Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 85-93 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/19/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:19-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmelo Peter Bonsignore Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratorio di Entomologia ed Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento Patrimonio Architettonico e Urbanistico (PAU), Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy Title: Apate monachus (Fabricius, 1775), a bostrichid pest of pomegranate and carob trees in nurseries - Short Communication Abstract: The attacks of adult Apate monachus (Fabricius) on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) trees in a plant nursery in southern Italy was described. The adult beetles produce circular holes and large sinuous tunnels on young trees that can involve the trunk and branches. The same plant can be affected by large numbers of such access holes. The adults appear during late June and reach a peak during the first three weeks of July. Given the increase in the spread of cultivation of these trees and, therefore, in the rate of spread of this pest species, further damage to crops is expected. Keywords: Bostrichidae, Apate spp, Punica granatum L., carob, black borer Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 94-97 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/53/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201202-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:53-2011-PPS