Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muwaffaq R. KARAJEH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection and IPM and Author-Name: Saed J. OWAIS Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan Title: Reaction of selected apple cultivars to wilt pathogen Verticillium dahlia Abstract: The reaction of five apple cultivars to olive wilt caused byVerticillium dahliae Kleb was evaluated. Five apple cultivars (Royal Gala, Delicious Anabri, Double Red, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith) and one olive cultivar (Nabali Mohassan) were inoculated with V. dahliae and grown under partially controlled greenhouse conditions. Typical symptoms of the disease were developed on the inoculated olive seedlings. However, all tested apple cultivars did not show the typical symptoms of Verticillium wilt except cv. Delicious Anbari, which showed 8.31% disease severity. The average percentage of disease severity was 61.2% in Nabali Mohassan. The pathogen was positively re-isolated from the inoculated seedlings of cvs Nabali Mohassan and Delicious Anbari after 12 months from the inoculation date. Results indicate that an apple plantation to replace dead or severely diseased olive trees infested with Verticillium wilt is an appropriate low-cost and environmentally sound IPM alternative approach to control Verticillium wilt. Keywords: control, Malus domestica, disease assessment Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 99-104 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/61/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:61-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Spitzer Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic, Author-Name: Pavel Matušinsky Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic, Author-Name: Zuzana Klemová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic, Author-Name: Jan Kazda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of fungicide application date against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on yield and greening of winter rape Abstract: In experiments with winter rape during 2004-2008, we examined the effectiveness of fungicides containing active ingredients based upon triazoles and SBI inhibitors (group A): flusilazole 250 g/l a.i., flusilazole 125 g/l a.i. + carbendazim 250 g/l a.i., and cyproconazole 120 g/l a.i. + carbendazim 300 g/l a.i. Fungicides based upon older and newer triazoles, strobilurins, and SDH inhibitors (group B) were also used: cyproconazole 80g/l a.i. + azoxystrobin 200 g/l a.i., prothioconazole 250 g/l a.i., prothioconazole 125 g/l a.i. + tebuconazole 125 g/l a.i., and boscalid 200 g/l a.i. + dimoxystrobin 200 g/l a.i. The application of group A fungicides against S. sclerotiorum during BBCH 65-69 growth stage had demonstratively higher effectiveness, while for group B the application date had no effect. The greening (or "stay-green") effect only occurred with group B. The correlation coefficient for greening effect and yield was R = -0.3033 for applications during BBCH 61-65 while it was R= -0.3542 for BBCH 65-69 stage, thus indicating a relatively weak relationship. Keywords: flusilazole, carbendazim, cyproconazole, azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, boscalid, dimoxystrobin, effectiveness Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 105-109 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/12/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:12-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devadason Alice Author-Workplace-Name: Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Subramanian Sundravadana Author-Workplace-Name: Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Title: Effects of biocontrol agents and plant products Macrophomina phaseolina and colchicine content in Gloriosa superba Abstract: Gloriosa superba is a medicinal plant severely infested with soil-borne Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Under in vitro conditions a commercial formulation of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina isolates. Among the oil cake, mahua cake at 10% completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the M. phaseolina isolates. Under field conditions both the soil and foliar application of biocontrol agents is attributed to the healthy growth of G. superba crops by controlling the tuber rot disease and ultimately boosting the colchicine content. Keywords: Macrophomina blight, tuber rot, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, oil, soil application, foliar application Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 110-115 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/18/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:18-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alois HONĚK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Matúš KOCIAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdenka MARTINKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Ecology and Weed Science, Division of Agroecology, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in an apple orchard Abstract: Many rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) species are carnivorous. Despite their positive role in the biological control of agricultural arthropod pests rove beetles are relatively poorly studied in general, and little is known about their habitat associations including their occurrence and seasonal activity in the apple-orchard environment. In 1994, abundance and composition of adult staphylinid taxocenosis was established in a 12-years-old apple orchard at Prague-Ruzyně, and compared with taxocenoses inhabiting nearby grassy ridge, winter wheat field and forest. The staphylinids were collected throughout the vegetation season using unbaited pitfall traps. Staphylinid activity was highest in the apple orchard where 28 species were established in the total sample of 1238 individuals. Dominant species Drusilla canaliculata (F.), Ocypus nero semilanatus Müller, Dinarea angustula (Gyllenhal) and Oxytelus insecatus Gravenhorst together represented 93% of the total sample. The former two species dominated also the taxocenosis of grassy ridge and could disperse to the orchard from surrounding swards. Most established species are polyphagous predators or parasitoids that might contribute to the biological control of some orchard pests. Keywords: community, grass sward, field, forest, taxocenosis, seasonal dynamics, abundance, activity, diversity, similarity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 116-122 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/2/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:2-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan Balfour Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Life Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies Author-Name: Ayub Khan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Life Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies Title: Effects of Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas on Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Abstract: The preponderance of susceptible sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock has facilitated the spread of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Trinidad and Tobago. CTV is transmitted by the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), which establishes large colonies on new flushes of citrus plants. As the colonies become highly populated, winged (alate) aphids are produced which can migrate to uninfected neighbouring citrus trees and hence transmit CTV. In the present study different concentrations of the entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimm) Viegas in water-based formulations were applied to T. citricida and the pathogenic effects were analysed. Bioassays were also conducted on the major parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson to test the pathogenic effects of V. lecanii on mortality and the percent emergence from mummies. The LC50 values for T. citricida and L. testaceipes were 2.26 × 1010 spores/ml and 1.09 × 109 spores/ml, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between the two LC50 values. At the highest concentration (1.49 × 109 spores/ml) percent mortality peaked at 78.9% after 12 days and 1.95 × 109 spores/ml, mortality of L. testaceipes reached 95.1% after 6 days. Emergence of L. testaceipes at the highest concentration of 1.95 × 109 spores/ml was 57.8%. Keywords: brown citrus aphid, alate aphids, entomopathogenic fungus, natural enemy, mummies Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 123-131 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/59/2011-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2011-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:59-2011-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed E. I. BADAWY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Egypt Author-Name: Ahmed F. EL-ASWAD Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Egypt Title: Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii Abstract: As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, chitosan has received much attention as a biopolymer active against some agricultural pests. The, insecticidal activity of chitosans of four molecular weights (2.27 × 105,3.60 × 105,5.97 × 105,and9.47 × 105 g/mol) was investigated against two species of arthropod pests: oleander aphid Aphis nerii and cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. In addition, the most active chitosan of 2.27 × 105 g/mol was chemically modified with metals of Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) to give corresponding chitosan-metal complexes. Larval mortality, growth inhibition, and antifeedant activities for third instar larvae of S. littoralis were evaluated at 4 g (a.i.) chitosan/kg diet. Chitosan of 2.27 × 105 g/mol and its complexes with Ni and Hg were the most active compounds. The results against A. nerii indicated that chitosans of 3.60 × 105 and 5.97 × 105 g/mol showed high activity among the different molecular weights in leaf-dip bioassay after 24 h of treatment with 48 and 49% mortalities, respectively, at 1000 mg/l. All compounds had a systemic effect against A. nerii. Chitosans of 2.27 × 105,3.60 × 105,and5.97 × 105 g/mol showed the highest efficacy at all concentrations tested; however, chitosan-Cu was significantly the most active among the complexes. Keywords: arthropod pests, larval mortality, biopolymer Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 131-141 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/67/2010-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2010-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201203-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:3:id:67-2010-PPS