Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Name: R. Pokorný Title: Introduction Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S1-S2 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/85/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:85-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Mihalčík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Production - Plant Production Research Center Piešťany, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Katarína Hrčková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Production - Plant Production Research Center Piešťany, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Martin Singer Author-Workplace-Name: Monsanto Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Anna Plačková Author-Workplace-Name: Monsanto Slovakia, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ján Kraic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Production - Plant Production Research Center Piešťany, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of MON 810 cultivation and prevention to adventitious presence in non-GM fields: A case study in Slovakia Abstract: The efficiency of border rows to prevent the adventitious presence of GM maize in non-GM maize plots was evaluated as well as the effect of the MON 810 maize of the yield and self-protection against the European corn borer. The GM maize MON 810 event was drilled at 3 locations over the Slovakia and the grain samples were collected from the neighbouring conventional maize fields. The data obtained by Real-Time PCR indicate that coexistence between GM and conventional maize is feasible and the isolation distance of 200 m (respectively 100 border rows of conventional maize) separates GM maize from the conventional one more than sufficiently. The effective isolation distance is 3-4 times greater than the actually needed. The MON 810 revealed also the highest yield and the best self-protection against European corn borer in both growing seasons with different climatic conditions. Keywords: GM crop, maize, MON 810, coexistence, isolation distance, yield, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S11-S15 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/58/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/58/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:58-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Nedělník Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Lindušková Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Kmoch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of growing Bt maize on Fusarium infection and mycotoxins content - a review Abstract: The literature linking Bt maize versus non-Bt maize and the changes in the fungal microflora spectrum and in the mycotoxins content have been summarised. The European corn borer reportedly promotes the infection of maize by Fusarium spp. Stalk and ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are often related to mycotoxin accumulation in maize kernels. As a result, food and animal feed from maize are more severely contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins: e.g. fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA). Mycotoxins in field maize lead annually economic losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in all regions of the world. The insecticidal proteins in genetically modified hybrid Bt maize reduce insect damage caused by certain Lepidopteran larvae, which in turn can reduce the infection of the grain by the mycotoxigenic fungi. Where such insect damage is a major factor in mycotoxin contamination, Bt maize can lower mycotoxin levels in many cases. The protection of maize plants against insect damage (European corn borer) through the use of Bt technology seems to be one of the ways to reduce the contamination of maize by Fusarium species and mycotoxins. Keywords: Zea mays L., GMO, non-GMO, Fusarium spp Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S18-S24 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/36/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:36-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František KOCOUREK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka STARÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy of Bt maize against European corn borer in Central Europe Abstract: The efficacy of Bt maize MON 810-YieldGard® and of Trichogramma wasp against European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) was evaluated in the period of 2002-2008 in field trials on three localities in the Czech Republic. The efficacy of Bt maize on the reduction of the number of tunnels caused by ECB per 100 maize plants before harvest was always 100% and that in Trichogramma treatment was on average 50%. The mean increase of the yield of 15% and 10% was obtained in Bt maize and Trichogramma treatments, respectively in comparison with the untreated control. The damage curve and economic injury level by ECB on maize was developed for the evaluation of the yield losses and management of the pest control. The higher economic efficacy of growing Bt maize as compared to other control measures is documented. Keywords: MON 810, Ostrinia nubilalis, transgenic maize, Trichogramma, economic injury level Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S25-S35 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/53/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:53-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lubomir HORVÁTH Author-Workplace-Name: Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Tatiana HORECKÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Inspectorate of Environment, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Miroslava FEKETOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Cultivation of biotech-crops, control of co-existence and environmental monitoring of GM plants in Slovakia Abstract: The information on and selected results of biotech-crops cultivation, control of coexistence, and the environmental monitoring of genetically modified (GM) plants in Slovakia are presented. The cultivation of GM crops for commercial use in Slovakia started in 2006, the cultivated GM maize hybrids being based on the event MON 810. The testings of neighbouring conventional maize fields contamination were performed using a real-time PCR procedure for MON 810 maize quantification according to EN ISO 21570 and EU-RL GMFF methods. Minimum isolation distances according to the Slovak national legislation are 200 m for conventional maize and 300 m for ecological farming. The determined GM contamination of neighbouring fields varied between 0.01% and 0.83% (mean level 0.07%) in mass % of MON 810. The relationship between the GM contamination and isolation distance was documented. GM admixtures in harvested crops are caused due to combined factors as crosspollination, contamination by sowing, harvesting, transport, storage, etc. Consumer and producer risks (α-risk and β-risk) were analysed for minimum isolation distances in conditions of actual GMO limits, determined GM admixtures, and the testing procedures used. The calculated values gave good results for the conventional maize production, i.e. for 0.9% GMO limit, isolation distances of 200 m, and approximately 0.2% GMO level of impurities. The obtained value of consumer β-risk was 4.8% (or better), that of producer α-risk was 0%, and they both are sufficient for conventional maize production, confirming the optimum and sufficient value of minimal isolation distance (200 m) in Slovakia. No illegal cultivation of GM crops was found within the frame of environmental monitoring. Keywords: biotech-crop, GMO, MON810 cultivation, isolation distances, impurities, environmental monitoring Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S3-S10 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/32/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:32-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľudovít Cagáň Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ioan Rosca Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Title: Seasonal dispersal of the Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) adults in Bt and non-Bt maize fields Abstract: 32 experimental plots were sown at Borovce (district Trnava) in Slovakia during 2008 with 8 maize hybrids, including coleopteran-protected MON 88017, the lepidopteran-protected MON 89034, the stacked product, MON 89034 × MON 88017, that same hybrids isoline that did not have the Bt trait or traits, and 4 commercial hybrids. Part of the fourth repetition was unexpectedly infested and damaged with the Western corn rootworm (WCR). High numbers of the WCR adults were found in the damaged plots on July 8. Adult WCR abundance remained concentrated in this area until August 12-19. The beetles apparently began to disperse during August 19-September 2, and after September 2. The trap captures increased in the uninfested areas up to September 16, no significant difference having been found in the adult WCR captures between the infested and uninfested plots, including the plots with MON 88017. Bt-maize hybrids containing MON 88017 strongly influenced the level of the WCR damage as assessed by lodging of the maize plants, and they also influenced the numbers of the WCR adults before maize flowering. We found that intensive movement of the WCR adults from the place of their origin started later in the vegetation season. Keywords: Cry3Bb1, yellow sticky traps, Chrysomelidae, adult dispersal Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S36-S42 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/79/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:79-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav POLÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiban KUMAR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Boris KRŠKA Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University inBrno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michel RAVELONANDRO Author-Workplace-Name: INRA-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France Title: Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus Abstract: Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002-2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV. Keywords: genetic modifications, fruit trees, GM plum, Sharka disease, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S43-S48 Volume: 48 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/37/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/37/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201210-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:48:y:2012:i:SpecialIssue:id:37-2012-PPS