Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Helena KYSELÁKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of the Region HanĂĄ for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Author-Name: Michaela SEDLÁŘOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin KUBALA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimíra NOŽKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of the Region HanĂĄ for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Author-Name: Jana PITERKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka LUHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej NOVÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr ILÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of the Region HanĂĄ for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Title: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and hormone signalling in systemic infection of pea by Pea enation mosaic virus Abstract: The physiological responses of pea plants during 40 days of compatible interaction with Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) were evaluated. PEMV induces systemic changes in the concentration of phytohormones. At 5 days post inoculation (dpi), a simultaneous increase in abscisic acid (ABA) level and a decrease in salicylic acid (SA) level was observed, which is known to be involved in the suppression of hypersensitive reaction. In our pathosystem it preceded the virus presence in the systemic leaves. PEMV induces the accumulation of ABA, SA and Hsp70 and enhances peroxidase (POX) activity at 15 dpi, when it is already transmitted throughout the plant. The formation of enations was preceded by a local accumulation of nitric oxide, which was followed by the appearance of reactive oxygen species, mostly in the vicinity of leaf veins. Such heterogeneity suggests involvement of these molecules in the control of hyperplasia and tissue differentiation. Keywords: PEMV, Pisum sativum, heat shock proteins, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, phytohormones Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 105-119 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/51/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:51-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remigijus BAKYS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter and Author-Name: Rimvydas VASAITIS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter and Author-Name: Jens Peter SKOVSGAARD Author-Workplace-Name: Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Title: Patterns and severity of crown dieback in young even-aged stands of european ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in relation to stand density, bud flushing phenotype, and season Abstract: The extent and temporal pattern of crown damage (attributed to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) in even-aged stands of Fraxinus excelsior in relation to bud flushing phenotype, stand density, and season was investigated. Data were collected in 2007 in four statistically designed thinning experiments located in 12-15-years old plantations of ash in Denmark. The study included 21 plots of four contrasting, residual stand densities: (1) 1700-5500 trees/ha (unthinned control plots), (2) 1500 trees/ha, (3) 500 trees/ha, and (4) 100-150 trees/ha. Assessments included estimation of flushing phenotype in May, followed by evaluation of severity of crown damage (percentage of crown killed) in June and September. Simultaneously, for each tree, the presence or absence of crown wilt and dead tops were recorded. The seasonal pattern of disease severity (average crown damage) was similar in all stands, and disregarding stand density the extent of tree crown damage increased significantly towards the end of the growing season (P < 0.005). Disease severity was the worst in unthinned plots, but otherwise unrelated to stand density. Late-flushing trees were most severely affected (P < 0.001). The observed patterns of disease severity are probably associated with ecological features of the pathogen that still remain largely unknown. Keywords: Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, crown damage, fungal pathogen, phenology of trees Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 120-126 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/70/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:70-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serdar Tuncer Author-Workplace-Name: Horticultural Research Station, Erzincan, Turkey Author-Name: Cafer Eken Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Title: Anastomosis grouping of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from pepper in Erzincan, Turkey Abstract: Ninety eight isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from roots of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in Erzincan, Turkey during the period 2007-2008. The most prevalent multinucleate anastomosis groups (AG) were AG-4 (85.2%), followed by AG-2 type 1 (7.4%), AG-6 (5.0%), and AG-3 (2.5%). The population of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. comprised AG-A (82.4%), AG-K (11.8%), and AG-G (5.9%). Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and AG-6, as well as binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. AG-G and AG-K on pepper (C. annuum) were firstly determined in this study. During both in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity experiments differences in virulence level between R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates were observed. Isolates of R. solani AG-2 type 1 and AG-4 were the most virulent, binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates of AG-A were less virulent, whereas binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates of AG-G and AG-K were non-pathogenic. Keywords: Thanatephorus cucumeris, Capsicum annuum, hypocotyl rot, root rot, pathogenicity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 127-131 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/77/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:77-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Víchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora Staňková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radovan Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Vejražka Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd. Troubsko, Troubsko, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of safflower varieties for resistance to the fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum acutatum Abstract: The influence of plant growth stage, inoculum density, and variety on the disease severity and incidence were studied. Our results indicated that growth stage of the plant had no influence on infection rate, as the pathogen attacked 100% of tested plants. When applying three different inoculum concentrations to three weeks old safflower plants, no statistical differences were recorded, disease incidence ranged 32.0-47.0%. In this test, the 3rd and 4th evaluated leaves (the youngest) were infected more intensively than were the 1st and 2nd leaves. Among 11 safflower varieties tested for resistance to this pathogen, cultivar CW 1221 manifested the highest resistance with 8.3% infection, whereas two cultivars, Sabina and AC Sunset, were found to be the most susceptible with 90.0 and 83.3% infection. Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius, inoculums concentration, pathogen isolates, anthracnose, susceptibility Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 132-136 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/23/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:23-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anju Tanwar Author-Workplace-Name: Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Author-Name: Ashok Aggarwal Author-Workplace-Name: Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Author-Name: Sunita Kaushish Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, D.A.V. College for Girls, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author-Name: Sonika Chauhan Author-Workplace-Name: Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Title: Interactive effect of AM fungi with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of broccoli Abstract: Most of the vegetable crops are known to depend upon arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) symbiosis for growth and development, since AM fungi provide nutrients and water in exchange for photosynthates. The influences of AM fungi (Glomus intraradices (G) and Acaulospora laevis (A)) with Trichoderma viride (T) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) alone and in combinations on growth, mycorrhization, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptakes, and yield of broccoli plants were studied in pot culture under glasshouse conditions. The obtained results demonstrated that the single inoculation of broccoli plants with T. viride significantly increased the above ground fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll b, head diameter, root phosphorus, and shoot nitrogen in comparison to uninoculated control plants. On the other hand, consortium of G+A+T+P significantly increased plant height, above ground dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll a, head fresh weight, and root nitrogen content. Similarly, G+T showed maximum leaf area, and P alone showed maximum uptake of shoot phosphorus. Whereas when P was supplied along with T, early flowering was recorded. AM fungal colonisation was negligible and only root tips were found infected in G or A treated plants which confirms low dependency of broccoli on AM fungi. Keywords: Acaulospora laevis, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica, brassicaceae, Glomus intraradices, nutrient uptake, vegetable crop Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 137-145 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/54/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:54-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František Kocourek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Saska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Řezáč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Diversity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) under three different control strategies against European corn borer in maize Abstract: We compared three control strategies against European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) in maize with respect to carabid beetles, beneficial epigeal arthropods. The impact of the focal treatment (insect resistant Bt maize MON 810) was compared with conventionally farmed and Trichogramma-treated plots at two sites (Prague-Ruzyně and Ivanovice na Hané) in the Czech Republic, replicated in three cropping seasons (2002-2004). The sampled assemblages were species-poor. The species were unevenly distributed in terms of their catch size - the communities were dominated by 7 (Ruzyně) or 3 (Ivanovice) species. No differences were found in species richness or species composition between treatments, seasons or sites, suggesting no effect of planting transgenic insect resistant Bt maize MON 810 on the assemblages of carabid beetles in the study fields. Keywords: risk assessment, transgenic crops, Bt maize, Cry endotoxins, ground beetles Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 146-153 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/78/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201303-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:3:id:78-2012-PPS