Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lebeda Author-Name: J.J. Burdon Title: Wild plant pathosystems Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S1-S2 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7074-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7074-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:7074-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katie Karen HAWKINS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA Author-Name: Phil ALLEN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA Author-Name: Susan MEYER Author-Workplace-Name: Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, USA Title: Secondary dormancy of seeds in relation to the Bromus tectorum-Pyrenophora semeniperda pathosystem Abstract: Bromus tectorum is a highly invasive annual grass. The fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda can kill a large fraction of B. tectorum seeds. Outcomes in this pathosystem are often determined by the speed of seed germination. In this paper we extend previous efforts to describe the pathosystem by characterising secondary dormancy acquisition of B. tectorum. In the laboratory approximately 80% of seeds incubated at -1.0 MPa became dormant. In the field, seeds were placed in the seed bank in late autumn, retrieved monthly and dormancy status determined. The field study confirmed the laboratory results; ungerminated seeds became increasingly dormant. Our data suggest that secondary dormancy is much more likely to occur at xeric sites. Keywords: biological control, invasive annual grass Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S11-S14 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/30/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:30-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heather FINCH-BOEKWEG Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA Author-Name: Phil ALLEN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA Author-Name: Susan MEYER Author-Workplace-Name: Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Provo, USA Title: Exposure to low water potentials and seed dormancy favour the fungus in the Pyrenophora semeniperda-Bromus tectorum pathosystem Abstract: In semi-arid regions of the United States, Pyrenophora semeniperda kills seeds of the winter annual Bromus tectorum. We report on pathosystem outcomes under manipulated water potential and temperature environments commonly observed within semi-arid environments for dormant and non-dormant seeds. We propose a range of outcomes for infected seeds. During summer, seeds remain dormant and are killed across a range of water potentials. During autumn, seeds survive by rapidly germinating or are killed if radicle emergence is delayed by intermittent hydration. In winter/spring, secondarily dormant seeds can be killed by the fungus. The only likely scenarios where seeds escape death include absence of infection (autumn, spring, or following autumn, germination) or infection in autumn when seeds germinate rapidly. Keywords: competitive outcomes, desiccation tolerance, hydration, germination, infection, seed fungi Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S15-S21 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/31/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:31-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phil Stewart ALLEN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA Author-Name: Susan E. MEYER Author-Workplace-Name: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, USA Author-Name: Julie BECKSTEAD Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, USA$2 Title: Predictive model for soil seedbank outcomes in the Pyrenophora semeniperda-Bromus tectorum pathosystem Abstract: Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in soil seed banks of Bromus tectorum, where it kills a fraction of seeds throughout the year. The pathogen engages in a race with host seeds for endosperm resources; the pathogen success is negatively correlated with seed germination speed. We developed a deterministic model to predict pathosystem outcomes (seed death versus seed escape), using seed bank data from 80 sites collected over a 13-year period. The response variable (killed seeds in the spring seed bank) was regressed on multiple predictor variables (pathogen and host densities at seed dispersal, amount and timing of precipitation). Increased mortality was associated with high seed rain, high pathogen density, and low autumn precipitation. On xeric sites, a positive feedback loop between pathogen and host is created by a large carryover seed bank containing secondarily dormant seeds vulnerable to fungal attack and results in higher inoculum loads at seed dispersal the following year. Keywords: Pyrenophora semeniperda, Drechslera campanulata, Bromus tectorum, deterministic model, seed pathogen Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S21-S23 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/36/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:36-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbora MIESLEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleš LEBEDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Irena PETRŽELOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavla KORBELOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Incidence of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) and powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) in natural populations of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) Abstract: The study was focused on the wild pathosystem Lactuca serriola-lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) and lettuce powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum). Observations were focused mainly on recording natural infection of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) by downy and powdery mildews in the East Bohemia and Moravia (the Czech Republic) in the May-September period of 2007-2011, and on the influence of environmental conditions on disease incidence. Only data for July and August were used for the detailed comparisons of occurrence of both pathogens, because intensity of disease in this period was the highest. Data were linked with the average monthly temperature and rainfall rate in the Czech Republic. G. cichoracearum prefers rather low levels of precipitation and temperatures around 20°C, therefore significantly higher incidence of this pathogen was recorded in August 2007. On the other hand in July 2009 and 2010, when the intensities of precipitation were higher, incidence of Bremia lactucae prevailed. In August 2010 and 2011 incidence of both pathogens were more or less similar at all locations. Our observations showed that climatic conditions influence the incidence and prevalence of both pathogens in weedy growing populations of Lactuca serriola. Keywords: wild plant pathosystem, disease incidence, disease prevalence, temporal changes, co-incidence of pathogens, climatic conditions Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S24-S32 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/51/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:51-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petra ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel ČERNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika STRNADOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel HANÁČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal TOMŠOVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic$3 Title: Identification of Phytophthora alni subspecies in riparian stands in the Czech Republic Abstract: In the Czech Republic, Phytophthora alni was first confirmed in 2001 and the pathogen has been quickly spreading and occupying almost the whole area of the country. The pathogen attacks Alnus glutinosa or A. incana to a lesser extent and causes considerable losses of alder trees along hundreds of kilometres of riverbanks. The aim of our work was to perform the identification of P. alni isolates at the subspecific level using PCR and to determine the frequencies and distribution of particular subspecies. The allele-specific PCR primers focused on allele diversity of orthologs of ASF-like, TRP1, RAS-Ypt, and GPA1 genes were selected for identification. Eighty-eight per cent of the 59 analysed isolates belonged to P. alni ssp. alni while 12% were P. alni ssp. uniformis. P. alni ssp. multiformis has not been recorded in the country till now. The two subspecies differed in distribution. P. alni ssp. alni dominated in riparian stands along broader rivers in lowlands and the results confirmed the more effective spreading of P. alni ssp. alni based on its higher aggressiveness and ecological advantage. P. alni ssp. uniformis was acquired rather from riparian stands of small watercourses at higher altitudes. The insular distribution of P. alni ssp. uniformis may represent the remains of its former occurrence. Therefore, P. alni ssp. uniformis may be an indigenous subspecies suppressed by the more aggressive related taxon. Keywords: Phytophthora alni, Alnus, alder disease, PCR, riparian stand Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S3-S10 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/41/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:41-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teruo Nonomura Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan Author-Name: Yoshinori Matsuda Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan Author-Name: Shun Yamashita Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan Author-Name: Haruhiko Akahoshi Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan Author-Name: Yoshihiro Takikawa Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama, Japan Author-Name: Koji Kakutani Author-Workplace-Name: Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan Author-Name: Hideyoshi Toyoda Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan Title: Natural woody plant, Mallotus japonicus, as an ecological partner to transfer different pathotypic conidia of Oidium neolycopersici to greenhouse tomatoes Abstract: In our routine surveys for the powdery mildew disease in greenhouse tomatoes, we detected a new pathogen that forms pseudochains consisting of 12 conidia. To identify the original plant that dispersed this pathogen, wild plants infected with powdery mildew were monitored. The pathogen on Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus, produced a similar type of pseudochain, and conidia were infectious to tomatoes. Inversely, the conidia on the tomato leaves infected M. japonicus. Infectivity assays and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two pathogens on the tomato and M. japonicus were identical. These results suggest that the conidia on M. japonicus can be transmitted to greenhouse tomatoes. This work documents the ecological transmission of conidia between wild plants and greenhouse tomatoes Keywords: tomato powdery mildew, Japanese mallotus, conidial pseudochain, wild tomato species, Oidium neolycopersici teleomorph Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S33-S40 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/24/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:24-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucie KUBIENOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela SEDLÁŘOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Andrea VÍTEČKOVÁ-WÜNSCHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana PITERKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka LUHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora MIESLEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleš LEBEDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan NAVRÁTIL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek PETŘIVALSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Effect of extreme temperatures on powdery mildew development and Hsp70 induction in tomato and wild Solanum spp. Abstract: Changes in Hsp70 gene expression and protein level were studied in three Solanum spp. genotypes in response to short-term high and low temperatures and to infection by powdery mildew. Development of Oidium neolycopersici was compared on plant leaves and leaf discs with regard to the influence of temperature. Heat and especially cold pre-treatment of host tissues inhibited pathogenesis and decreased chlorophyll concentration. Exposure to heat increased Hsp70 (70 kDa heat shock proteins) content in all three genotypes of Solanum spp., whereas the infection induced the accumulation of Hsp70 only in susceptible S. lycopersicum. These results are in accordance with the suggested role of Hsp70 chaperons in plant responses to metabolic pathway disturbances triggered by pathogen challenge. Keywords: heat shock proteins, Oidium neolycopersici, real-time PCR, Western blot Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: S41-S54 Volume: 49 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/45/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201310-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:49:y:2013:i:SpecialIssue:id:45-2013-PPS