Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Fránová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Jakešová Author-Workplace-Name: Ing. Hana Jakešová, CSc, Red Clover, Grass Breeding, Hladké Životice, Czech Republic Title: Susceptibility of ten red clover (Trifolium pratense) cultivars to six viruses after artificial inoculation Abstract: Seedlings of Trifolium pratense L. cultivars were mechanically inoculated with Czech isolates of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Red clover mottle virus (RCMV), White clover mosaic virus (WClMV), and a newly discovered member of the Cytorhabdovirus genus. WClMV infected 75.4% of clover seedlings; cv. Rezista was the most susceptible (93.3%), while cv. Fresko was the least susceptible (58.3%). RCMV infected 59.6% of plants; the most susceptible was cv. Tempus (77.6%), the least susceptible cv. Sprint (38.3%). While WClMV infected a higher number of seedlings, RCMV revealed more severe symptoms on affected plants. On the basis of ELISA and RT-PCR results, no cultivar was susceptible to mechanical inoculation with ClYMV and cytorhabdovirus. Moreover, cvs Fresko and Sprint were not susceptible to ClYVV and AMV, respectively. Keywords: Red clover mottle virus, White clover mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA, mechanical inoculation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 113-118 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/71/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:71-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CÜneyt Çirak Author-Workplace-Name: Vocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: Jolita Radusiene Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: Hasan Murat Aksoy Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey$2 Author-Name: Rimute Mackinaite Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: Zydrunas Stanius Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: Necdet Camas Author-Workplace-Name: Vocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: Mehmet Serhat Odabas Author-Workplace-Name: Vocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Title: Differential phenolic accumulation in two Hypericum species in response to inoculation with Diploceras hypericinum and Pseudomonasputida Abstract: The genus Hypericum L. (St. John's-wort, Hypericaceae) has received scientific interest in recent years, because it is a source of a variety of bioactive compounds including the phenolics. We determine whether the typical phenolic constituents of Hypericum plants, namely chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetine, quercitrine, and quercetine, may be implicated as part of an inducible plant defence response in two St. John's-wortspecies, Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. To achieve this objective, greenhouse-grown plantlets were inoculated with the fungal pathogen Diploceras hypericinum and the plant growth promoting bacterium Pseudonomas putida. Phenolic compounds levels of the Hypericum plantlets increased significantly in response to inoculation with both organisms. So far, little effort has been dedicated to investigate whether phenolic compounds are inducible by pathogen/herbivore attack or if they could play a role in plant defence. Results from the study indicate that the phenolic compounds investigated could be involved in the plant defence system and implicated as part of an inducible plant defence response in both St. John's Wort species. Keywords: fungal pathogen, Hypericum perforatum, Hypericum triquetrifolium, phenolic compounds, plant defence, bacterial infection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 119-128 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/67/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:67-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Spitzer Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Matušinský Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dagmar Spitzerová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Bílovský Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Kazda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of flight activity of stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus napi, C. pallidactylus) and application time on insecticide efficacy and yield of winter oilseed rape Abstract: During 2010-2012, we monitored flight activity of male and female stem weevils (Ceutorhynchus napi, C. pallidactylus) using yellow water traps, the effectiveness of various application dates for the insecticide thiacloprid (72 g active ingredient/ha), and the influence on yield. The first occurrence of beetles in traps was recorded after soil temperature at 5 cm reached 8°C in all experimental years. In all years, males of C. pallidactylus dominated in the traps and the times of beetles' first occurrence. The most effective applications of thiacloprid at the stated rate were 14 days (2010), 6 days (2011), and 1 day (2012) after peak flight. Females with eggs appeared in bowls in 2010 and 2012 at first flight, while in 2011 no females were recorded. After the most effective applications, yields increased significantly in 2010 (+5% vs. the control) and in 2011 (+4%), and insignificantly in 2012 (+2%). Keywords: cabbage stem weevil, oilseed rape stem weevil, thiacloprid, yellow water traps Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 129-134 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/21/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:21-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frouzan Piri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Ahad Sahragard Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Ghadamyari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Title: Sublethal effects of spinosad on some biochemical and biological parameters of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Abstract: The susceptibility of G. pyloalis larvae to spinosad was studied using the leaf dip method. Treatment with doses of spinosad sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, LC30, LC40 of 0.026, 0.045, 0.065, 0.090 ppm, respectively) was applied. A significant difference in the effects was observed between the sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, LC30, and LC40) and the control in the content of carbohydrate and glycogen, and between the control vs. LC30 and LC40 in the content of protein. A significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity with the increase of spinosad concentration, no significant differences in the activities of α- and β-esterases, and a significant increase in the enzyme activity of phenoloxidase were observed. Effects of LC10 and LC30 spinosad concentrations on some biological parameters showed that percentage of larval pupation and female fecundity significantly decreased in the concentration of LC30. Keywords: lesser mulberry pyralid, energy reserves, detoxifying enzyme, fecundity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 135-144 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/50/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:50-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fariba Sohrabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Author-Name: Parviz Shishehbor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Author-Name: Moosa Saber Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Said Mosaddegh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Title: Effects of buprofezin and imidacloprid on the functional response of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet Abstract: Eretmocerus mundus Mercet is one of the key natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In this study, the sublethal effects of LC25 of imidacloprid and field-recommended concentration of buprofezin on the functional response of E. mundus to different densities of second instar B. tabaci nymphs were evaluated. The results revealed a type III functional response in the control and imidacloprid treatment. The type III functional response was altered into a type II by buprofezin. Although imidacloprid did not alter the type of functional response of E. mundus compared to the control, it negatively affected the handling time and maximum attack rate of the parasitoid. Therefore, the use of this insecticide should be evaluated carefully in IPM programs. Keywords: Bemisia tabaci, insecticide, parasitoid, sublethal effects Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 145-150 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/64/2012-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/64/2012-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:64-2012-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alois Honěk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdenka Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Floral herbivory of an invasive slug on a native weed Abstract: Effects of floral herbivory (grazing flowers) by slugs on production and quality of seeds of herbaceous plants have been rarely quantified. We studied consequences of grazing by an invasive slug Arion lusitanicus (Mabille) for inflorescences of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers). In May 2008, a grassy site in Prague-Ruzyně (Czech Republic) was densely populated by dandelion inflorescences. Of the 40% of the flowers grazed by the slug, 70% died before seed dispersal and seed was eaten from 10% of the closed mature inflorescences. Viability of seeds from inflorescences that survived slug grazing was not affected. In addition to seedling predation, grazing of flowers may be an important source of dandelion mortality at sites where this slug is abundant. Keywords: Arion lusitanicus, Taraxacum officinale, flower, inflorescence, seed, viability, germination Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 151-156 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/75/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:75-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Swen Follak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Plant Production, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Ulrike Aldrian Author-Workplace-Name: Data, Statistics & Integrative Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna/Graz, Austria Author-Name: Michael Schwarz Author-Workplace-Name: Data, Statistics & Integrative Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna/Graz, Austria Title: Spread dynamics of Abutilon theophrasti in Central Europe Abstract: The spread pattern of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) in Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia was analysed based on an exhaustive distribution data set (389 records). Cumulative number of all records showed a continuous increase since its introduction in the 19th century and > 1970 its spread gained momentum with an exponential increase > 2000. In fields, the species remained rare until 2000. Since then, A. theophrasti has invaded fields much more frequently (78% of all records in fields > 2000) and it was mainly found in sugar beet and maize. Approximately a total of 188 000 ha of the agricultural area are currently at risk of being invaded. Given the on-going spread into fields, the results provide evidence that A. theophrasti may cause serious impacts. Control measures should focus on the prevention of spreading seeds and the establishment of new foci. Keywords: alien plant species, distribution, invasion history, velvetleaf Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 157-163 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/55/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201403-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:50:y:2014:i:3:id:55-2013-PPS