Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří SEDLÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: František PAPRŠTEIN Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef KORBA Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Department of Phytobacteriology, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana ŠILLEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Department of Phytobacteriology, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Development of a system for testing apple resistance to Erwinia amylovora using in vitro culture techniques Abstract: The suitability of different in vitro artificial inoculation methods for testing apple resistance to fire blight was evaluated. Six proliferation MS media containing BAP, TDZ or 2iP were tested to determine favourable conditions for shoot development. Out of the tested cytokinins, only media with BAP proved to be useful for all tested cultivars for artificial inoculation with Erwinia amylovora. Out of three tested inoculation methods, removal of 3 mm of the shoot apex with scissors and transfer of bacterial suspension by pipette (method 1) appeared to be the most suitable technique. This method enabled the determination of susceptibility of two cultivars due to the different speed of fire blight symptom development. Keywords: fire blight, Malus L., cultivar, artificial inoculation, medium, growth regulator Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-5 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/94/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:94-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tara SOLGI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mehdi MORADYAR Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Reza ZAMANI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mostafa MOTALLEBI Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Title: Transformation of canola by chit33 gene towards improving resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Abstract: An endochitinase gene (chit33-cDNA) from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride was overexpressed under the CaMV35S constitutive promoter in canola (R line Hyola 308). Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The insertion of the transgene was verified by PCR and Southern blotting. The transgenic over-expression approach was used in order to investigate antifungal activity of expressed Chit33 on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Antifungal activity was detected in transgenic canola using detached leaf assay. Lesion sizes of transgenic canola caused by S. sclerotiorum were significantly retarded when compared to non-transgenic canola plant. Keywords: antifungal activity, Brassica napus, chit33-cDNA, fungal diseases Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 6-12 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/83/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/83/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:83-2013-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek SEIDENGLANZ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agritec Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana POSLUŠNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agritec Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří ROTREKL Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel KOLAŘÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva HRUDOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel TÓTH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří HAVEL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, OSEVA Development and Research Ltd., Opava, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš SPITZER Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milena BERNARDOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Trial Station Kluky Ltd., Kluky u Písku, Czech Republic$2 Title: Changes in Meligethesaeneus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin in the Czech Republic between 2009 and 2011 Abstract: Susceptibility of Meligethes sp. (mainly M. aeneus) from the Czech Republic was tested with lambda-cyhalothrin (111 samples in 2009, 125 in 2010, and 102 in 2011) through the use of IRAC method No. 011, Vers. 3. Resistant samples were the most frequent in all three years and their proportions increased from 33% to 62% between 2009 and 2011. The last samples classified as highly susceptible were recorded in 2010. The mean percentage mortalities for a common European field rate of 7.5 g a.i/ha were 82.2% in 2009, 78.92% in 2010, and 67.45% in 2011(according to Abbott's formula). The values of LC50 ranged from 0.084 to 47.27 g a.i./ha in 2009, from 0.051 to 46.78 g a.i./ha in 2010, and from 0.238 to 19.92 g a.i./ha in 2011. Only in 17.65% of samples there were LC90 values below the European field rate in 2011. Keywords: pollen beetles, pyrethroid resistance, esteric pyrthroids, adult vial tests, IRAC Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 13-32 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/34/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:34-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radek AULICKY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety, Division of Crop Management System, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vaclav STEJSKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety, Division of Crop Management System, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy and limitations of phosphine "spot-fumigation" against five Coleoptera species of stored product pests in wheat in a grain store - short note Abstract: Field validation of spot-fumigation with phosphine (PH3) applied by a subcontracted pest-control company in a farm grain store infested by pests was conducted. Inside and outside of the fumigated grain spot, containers with adults of 5 species of coleopteran stored-product pests were regularly spaced. The beetle pests were the internally feeding Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica, and the externally feeding Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Cryptolestes ferrugineus. A 100% mortality of all pest species inside the fumigated spot under the sheet used for the application was stated. The efficacy (maximal) sharply declined with the increasing distance from the fumigated spot: 50% mortality was observed at 5 m from the spot, 38% mortality at 10 m, and a mortality of 23% was observed at 15 m. Mortality was different among the species, and the most sensitive was O. surinamensis, whereas the most tolerant were S. granarius, R. dominica, and T. castaneum. Although an efficient fumigation within the spot was found, the efficacy was low in the grains surrounding the spot. The practical implications of the findings are discussed. Keywords: stores, stored grain, pests, protection, insecticides, fumigation, PH3, disporsal Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 33-38 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/71/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:71-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamdy Mahmoud EL-SHARABASY Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt Title: Laboratory evaluation of the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi, Hirsutella thompsonii and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, against the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae Abstract: Formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi Hirsutella thompsonii (Fisher) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith were tested against all stages of this pest under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations: 0.5 × 109, 1.0 × 109, and 2.0 × 109 conidia/ml were sprayed on leaf discs containing larvae, nymphs, and adults, while a single dosage of 1.0 × 109 conidia/ml wassprayed on eggs as ovicide. All the life stages were susceptible to both fungal pathogens at the tested concentrations. Larval and nymphal stages were generally less susceptible than adults. Based on probit analysis, H. thompsonii was the highest virulent with LC50 and LT50 (358, 290, and 146 conidia/ml and 7.78, 7.11, and 6.92 days) and P. fumosoroseus (597, 589, and 339 conidia/ml and 7.49, 7.14, and 4.31 days) for larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively. However the efficacy of the two pathogens evaluated clearly differs from that of the controls. Compared with controls, egg hatchability was reduced at the different pathogen concentrations used. H. thompsonii at LC50 was more effective against eggs. Also, females in the control laid more eggs than those treated with the fungi. The entomopathogenic fungi H. thompsonii and P. fumosoroseus could be considered as an environmentally friendly alternative for biocontrol of E. orientalis. Keywords: : pathogenicity, biological control, bioassay, mortality Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 39-45 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/72/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:72-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sareh BAGHAEE RAVARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: Esmat MAHDIKHANI MOGHADDAM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Title: Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry14 toxin against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica Abstract: Two Bacillus thuringiensis strains including ToIr65 and ToIr67 with nematicidal activity against hatched juveniles and eggs of Meloidogyne javanica were identified by phenotypic, microscopic, 16s rDNA sequencing and nematode cry gene specific PCR. Two forms of bacterial isolates including bacterial suspension (BS) and spore/crystal mixture (SCM) were tested in lab and pot conditions to evaluate their efficacy in M. javanica management. The BS of ToIr65 and ToIr67 showed 70% nematicidal activity in comparison to SCM in vitro. In pot experiments, two forms of ToIr65 significantly (by 51%) decreased number of gall over infested control and also increased growth parameters on tomato plants, but ToIr67 did not. Our results suggested that Bt-ToIr65 could be employed as a biocontrol agent for the management of M. javanica. Keywords: : cry toxins, Iran, nematicidal, nematode management, tomato Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 46-51 Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/93/2013-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2013-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201501-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:1:id:93-2013-PPS