Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ofir DEGANI Author-Workplace-Name: Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel Author-Workplace-Name: Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel Title: Cochliobolus heterostrophus T-toxin gene expression modulation via G protein and MAPK pathways Abstract: The role of G-protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in filamentous fungi has been studied for over a decade, but downstream elements are less known. Here, we used microarray and Northern blot analysis to examine the involvement of these signalling pathways in controlling the knownCochliobolus heterostrophus T-toxin biosynthetic gene, DEC1, whose control is important in epidemic prevention. Comparison of the expression profile in wild-type strains and in G-protein and MAPK signalling deficient mutants revealed a unique, environmental-dependent control mechanism for the DEC1 gene. The results suggest, for the first time, a possible role in pathogenicity for the G-protein α2 subunit in this organism, and hint to a common role of G-protein α1 and β1 subunits and MAPK in maintaining accurate levels of this toxin during pathogenesis. Keywords: Cochliobolus heterostrophus, DEC1 gene, fungal RNA, maize, signal transduction, Southern corn leaf blight Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 53-60 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/67/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:67-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Han GAO Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Pest Management in Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Wu MIAO Author-Workplace-Name: Xiangyan Seed Co., Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: Rong-Jun GUO Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Pest Management in Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Shi-Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Pest Management in Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Real time PCR quantification of Sclerotium rolfsii in chilli tissue and soil Abstract: Root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the important factors limiting chilli production in southern China. Rapid methods of detection and identification of S. rolfsii are required for disease prediction and management. Herein, we adapted a four-step real time quantitative PCR method to detect S. rolfsii using new designed primer pair S301S/S301A. By using this assay, S. rolfsii was detected in ten soil samples and eight plant samples at concentrations as low as 10-7 g mycelium/g soil or plant, both with and without typical symptoms, while tissue-culturing method could only detect the fungus in two samples. This rapid and quantitative method is efficient for detection and determination of S. rolfsii population in soil and plants. Keywords: chilli root rot, specific primer pair, pathogen identification, population detection, population determination Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 61-66 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/43/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:43-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín DREISEITL Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Changes in virulence frequencies and higher fitness of simple pathotypes in the Czech population of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei Abstract: The employment of specific genes, which determine host resistance to avirulent pathotypes of the pathogen, is not recommended for protecting barley against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei). However, most barley varieties still possess specific resistance genes to this pathogen. The effectiveness of such resistances was determined by assessing virulence frequency using randomly collected Czech population samples of 521 pathogen isolates from the air tested on 29 barley differential varieties over a four-year period. Most virulence frequencies did not show major changes, but the frequencies on the winter cv. Laverda and the spring cv. Kangoo greatly increased. The highest virulence frequency in all four years was on the resistance Ru2 in Kompolti 4. The period of sampling the air population and associated changes in the proportion of spores that developed on spring and winter varieties with different resistances are one of causes of the changes in virulence frequencies. It was also found out that the virulence complexity of pathotypes with the frequency > 1 was markedly lower than the complexity of pathotypes with the frequency of 1. This could indicate the higher fitness of pathotypes with fewer virulences. Keywords: barley powdery mildew, Hordeum vulgare, population diversity, specific resistances, unnecessary virulences Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 67-73 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/96/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:96-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Göksel ÖZER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey Author-Name: Harun BAYRAKTAR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Title: Determination of fungal pathogens associated with Cuminum cyminum in Turkey Abstract: The occurrence of fungal pathogens, associated with cumin production of Turkey, was determined during 2011 and 2012. A total of 379 isolates were classified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini, F. solani, F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. sambucinum, F. avenaceum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria burnsii, A. alternata, A. infectoria, Embellisia sp., and Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests showed that F. oxysporum f.sp. cumini, F. solani, F. equiseti, M. phaseolina, A. burnsii, and A. alternata were highly pathogenic. A. burnsii and F. oxysporum f.sp. cumini were the major risk factors for cumin cultivation in Turkey. To our knowledge, this is the first report on F. oxysporum f.sp. cumini, F. solani, F. equiseti, M. phaseolina, and A. alternata in Turkey. Keywords: fungal diseases, cumin, wilt, blight, root rot, Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-79 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/51/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:51-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Norsilan Ili Nadhrah Author-Workplace-Name: Ganoderma and Disease Research for Oil Palm (GanoDROP) Unit, Biological Research Division, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: Rosimah Nulit Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: Ramli Nurrashyeda Author-Workplace-Name: Ganoderma and Disease Research for Oil Palm (GanoDROP) Unit, Biological Research Division, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: Abu Seman Idris Author-Workplace-Name: Ganoderma and Disease Research for Oil Palm (GanoDROP) Unit, Biological Research Division, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Title: Effect of formulated bioorganic containing Burkholderia GanoEB2 in suppressing Ganoderma disease in oil palm seedlings Abstract: The ability of Burkholderia GanoEB2 formulated in two different bioorganic powders as carriers - bioorganic empty fruit bunch (BEFB) and real strong bioorganic fertilizer (RSBF), and the efficacies of Burkholderia GanoEB2 in suppressing Ganoderma boninense infection in oil palm seedlings were determined. Results showed that the highest reduction in disease incidence (DI, 18.2%), severity of foliar symptoms (SFS, 26.6%), and disease severity foliar index (DSFI, 27.7%) was achieved by the seedlings treated with RSBF containing Burkholderia GanoEB2 compared to the seedlings treated with BEFB containing Burkholderia GanoEB2 (36.4% DI, 33.4% SFS, and 31.8% DSFI). Untreated seedlings (as control) had 100.0% DI, 90.4% SFS, and 87.5% DSFI. The disease was reduced by as much as 85.3% for seedlings treated with RSBF and by 70.5% for seedlings treated with BEFB. The formulated bioorganics containing Burkholderia GanoEB2 were proven to suppress Ganoderma disease in oil palm. Keywords: Ganoderma boninense, bioorganic empty fruit bunch (BEFB), real strong bioorganic fertiliser (RSBF) Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 80-87 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/26/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/26/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:26-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika TÓTHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Peter BOKOR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľudovít CAGÁŇ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: The first detection of leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) in Slovakia Abstract: Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, was monitored in Slovakia during 2013 and 2014. The species was present in the vineyards of eastern Slovakia but it was rarely found in the south of central part of the country. It was also found at many locations of western Slovakia but not in the southeast of western Slovakia. Higher abundance of S. titanus was detected in the vineyards with biological control. Varietal preference of the leafhopper was not confirmed. The first nymphs were found on June 5 and the last nymphs on July 17, adults occurred from the end of June to the end of September. There is one generation of S. titanus per year in Slovakia. Keywords: American grapevine leafhopper, occurrence, phenology, Flavescence dorée Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 88-93 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/64/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/64/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:64-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek SEIDENGLANZ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, AGRITEC, Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana POSLUŠNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, AGRITEC, Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří ROTREKL Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd, Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel KOLAŘÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd, Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva HRUDOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic$2 Author-Name: Pavel TÓTH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic$2 Author-Name: Jiří HAVEL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, OSEVA Development and Research Ltd., Opava, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milena BERNARDOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Trial Station Kluky Ltd., Kluky u Písku, Czech Republic$4 Title: Meligethes aeneus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in the Czech Republic in 2012 and 2013 Abstract: Susceptibility of Meligethes aeneus populations from the Czech Republic and Slovakia was tested with lambda-cyhalothrin (93 populations in 2012, 82 populations in 2013) using IRAC method No. 011 Version 3. Resistant populations predominated in both years. The mean percentage mortalities for a common European field rate of 7.5 g a.i./ha were 60.95% in 2012 and 61.36% in 2013 (according to Abbott's formula). The LC50 values estimated for the tested populations exceeded the European field rate in many cases (22.09% of populations in 2012 and 17.14% in 2013). Only in 10.47% and 7.14% of populations the LC90 values were below the European field rate (in 2012 and 2013, respectively). Slovak populations seemed to be somewhat less resistant compared to the Czech ones. Keywords: pollen beetles, pyrethroid resistance, esteric pyrethroids, adult vial tests, IRAC Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 94-107 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/40/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/40/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:40-2014-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zoran JERKOVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Željana PRIJIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Radivoje JEVTIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Mirjana LALOŠEVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Interaction of two neonicotinoid insecticides and Lr genes focusing wheat growth and residues Abstract: Seedlings of ten Lr near-isogenic lines (NIL) and four wheat lines with enhanced resistance to Puccinia triticina were treated with overdosed neonicotinoid insecticides. The enzyme of Lr 20 gene accelerated thiacloprid degradation while Lr 29 gene accelerated thiamethoxam degradation according to NILs upper plant parts lengths reduction by 6% or 10% six days after the last of three daily treatments. Lr 27 and Lr 33 effects were intermediate on thiamethoxam but only in the driest conditions. Among other NILs the growth was increased 1-5% by N faster release of S or Cl. The accumulation of Lr 20 and Lr 9 facilitated treatment in the late grain filling period when the amount of their circled residues in seed was permissible. In semiarid regions, when thiamethoxam was applied before June, respecting the adequate leaf area duration of prevalent varieties, interaction with Lr 29 could be also practical through simultaneous release of fungi reducing elements. Keywords: insecticide residues, wheat protection, Lr 20, Lr 29 Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 108-113 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/35/2014-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2014-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201502-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:51:y:2015:i:2:id:35-2014-PPS