Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Žežlina
Author-Workplace-Name: Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry of Slovenia, Nova Gorica Institute for Agriculture and Forestry, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Author-Name: Mojca Rot
Author-Workplace-Name: Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry of Slovenia, Nova Gorica Institute for Agriculture and Forestry, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Author-Name: Milica Kač
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Technology and
Author-Name: Stanislav Trdan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Title: Causal agents of stone fruit diseases in Slovenia and the potential for diminishing their economic impact - a review
Abstract: In the last twenty years, stone fruit production in Slovenia has considerably decreased. Acreage with peaches and nectarines has been significantly reduced. Orchard renewal has decreased for various reasons; among them, the frequent occurrence of various diseases is the most significant. These diseases make the economic feasibility of stone fruit production difficult if not impossible. This review addresses the most important stone fruit diseases in Slovenia: European stone fruit yellows, sharka, bacterial leaf spot, bacterioses caused by Pseudomonas spp., perennial canker, and Fusicoccum canker. Additionally, this review focuses on the possibilities of reducing the damage caused by these diseases.
Keywords: phytoplasmas, viruses, bacteria, fungi, nectarines, peaches, Slovenia
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 149-157
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/58/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/58/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:58-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslav Polák
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology and Phytoplasmatology, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Petr Komínek
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology and Phytoplasmatology, Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Investigation on the incidence of Plum pox virus in fruit nurseries of the Czech Republic
Abstract: Nine different visual evaluations of Plum pox virus (PPV) presence were carried out in four nurseries during 2012-2015. Results of visual evaluation were verified by ELISA. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA in all the trees showing PPV symptoms. PPV has never been detected by ELISA in trees without PPV symptoms on leaves. A very low occurrence of PPV was proved in plums in all the four nurseries. There were two cases of higher occurrence of PPV in plum cultivars, where PPV originated from infected grafts. The PPV occurrence was 0.126 and 1.59%. The average occurrence of PPV in plums was 0.075%, 93 trees out of 123 630 inspected were PPV-infected. All the PPV-infected trees were destroyed immediately. No new PPV infection was proved later in season (August-September). In comparison with the situation in the 60s of the last century, the PPV occurrence in plums was 2.48% in one nursery in 1963 and there were nurseries with PPV occurrence exceeding 5%. All growing plants were destroyed in this case. The occurrence of PPV in the Czech fruit nurseries today is more than hundred times lower in comparison with the situation fifty years ago. The incidental occurrence of PPV in nurseries cannot be excluded in countries and areas with the endemic presence of PPV (in the Czech Republic and in most European countries). Visual inspection of PPV symptoms in nurseries confirmed by ELISA testing is sufficient. Infected plants must be removed immediately.
Keywords: sharka disease, plum, apricot, peach, incidence, nurseries
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 158-163
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/117/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:117-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tatiana Sarkisová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Martina Bečková
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jana Fránová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Karel Petrzik
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Title: Pea streak virus recorded in Europe
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is concluded to be the principal reservoir of Pea streak virus (PeSV, genus Carlavirus) which induces necrotic streaking symptoms in pea. This virus is prevalent in pea growing areas in the USA, but in Europe it was recorded only once almost 60 years ago. Recently, filamentous virus particles 600-700 nm long have been observed in examined plant sap of alfalfa with leaf malformation, local necrotic lesions and yellow spots on leaves. Four kilo base pairs nucleotide sequence of PeSV including partial replicase gene, triple gene block, and capsid protein (CP) gene has been determined. On the nucleotide level, the sequence of the CP has about 80% identity with the North American isolates of PeSV, however, on the amino acid level the sequence has more than 94% identity. This is the first sequence-based proof of PeSV presence in Europe.
Keywords: carlavirus, alfalfa, Pea streak virus, partial sequence
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 164-166
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/157/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/157/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:157-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qingyun Zhao
Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xinlan Mei
Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Yangchun Xu
Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization and National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
Title: Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus Y-IVI for suppressing Fusarium wilt of muskmelon
Abstract: The Bacillus strain Y-IVI was used in the biocontrol of muskmelon Fusarium wilt. It was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The antifungal compounds from the culture filtrate were purified by high performance liquid chromatography. Two series of homologous ion peaks were analysed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry, one with molecular weights of 1028.7, 1042.7, and 1056.7 and the other with molecular weights of 1463, 1477, and 1491. The compounds were ascribed to iturin A and fengycin, respectively. The maximum production of iturin by Y-IVI was 89.75 mg/l. In conclusion, we provided biochemical evidence that strain Y-IVI was able to produce antifungal compounds and thus holds great potential for use in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease.
Keywords: antifungal substance, Bacillus subtilis, biological control, Cucumis melo L
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 167-175
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/70/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:70-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonios Zambounis
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Author-Name: Anastasios Samaras
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytopathology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Author-Name: Aliki Xanthopoulou
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
Author-Name: Maslin Osathanunkul
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Author-Name: Leonardo Schena
Author-Workplace-Name: Departement of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
Author-Name: Athanasios Tsaftaris
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
Author-Name: Panagiotis Madesis
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
Title: Identification of Phytophthora species by a high resolution melting analysis: an innovative tool for rapid differentiation
Abstract: A new molecular method via the high resolution melting (HRM) analysis of the Ypt1 gene non-coding regions was validated for ten Phytophthora species with a broad host range from forest trees to crop species. The melting curve analysis of the amplicons specifically grouped all species into 10 respective unique and distinct HRM curve profiles. The analysis of the normalised HRM melting curves, assigning P. nicotianae as a normalised reference genotype, revealed that the genotype similarities among all the species were adequately low, indicating that Ypt1 marker was sufficient to identify and differentiate the tested species. This HRM method is rapid and reproducible allowing the identification of Phytophthora species and the screening of eventual variants eliminating the separate steps and reducing the risk of contamination.
Keywords: fungal differentiation, fungi of vegetable and tree plants, HRM, plant breeding, Ypt1 gene
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 176-181
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/179/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/179/2015-PPS.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:179-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michaela Sedlářová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Romana Pospíchalová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Zuzana Drábková Trojanová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Tomáš Bartůšek
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Lucie Slobodianová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Aleš Lebeda
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Title: First Report of Plasmopara halstedii New Races 705 and 715 on sunflower from the Czech Republic - Short Communication
Abstract: Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii significantly reduces annual yields of sunflower. At least 42 races of P. halstedii have been identified around the world. For the first time to our knowledge, races 705 and 715 of P. halstedii have been isolated, originating from sunflower plants collected at a single site (Podivín, South-East Moravia) in the Czech Republic at the beginning of June 2014. This enlarges the global number of the so far identified and reported races of P. halstedii to 44. The increasing complexity of P. halstedii pathogenicity led to race identification newly by a five-digit code. According to this new nomenclature, the two races of P. halstedii recorded in the Czech Republic are characterised by virulence profiles 705 71 and 715 71.
Keywords: Helianthus annuus, resistance, sunflower downy mildew, virulence formula
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 182-187
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/7/2016-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2016-PPS.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:7-2016-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elif Tozlu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Author-Name: Parisa Mohammadi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Author-Name: Merve Senol Kotan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Author-Name: Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Erzurum Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Author-Name: Recep Kotan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Title: Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of white mould disease in red cabbage, by some bacteria
Abstract: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the causal agent of white mould, stem, and fruit rot diseases on a wide variety of crop plants including cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) in field and storage. Control of this pathogen by using commercial disease management methods is extremely difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to develop an alternative and effective control method for the diseases by using biocontrol bacteria - Bacillus subtilis (strains TV-6F, TV-17C, TV-12H, BA-140 and EK-7), Bacillus megaterium (strains TV-103B), and Bacillus pumilus (strains RK-103) on Petri plate assays and on red cabbage in pot assays. On Petri plates, all of the tested bacterial strains showed the zone of inhibition against the pathogen fungus ranging 15.00-26.50 mm. Their percentage inhibition rates and lesion length ranged 42.64-79.41% and 0.02-4.50 cm in pot assays, respectively. Consequently, our results indicated that especially B. subtilis strains TV-17C, TV-12H, and TV-6F can be used as bio control agent of S. sclerotiorum in red cabbage production.
Keywords: plant pathogen, bioagent, Brassica oleracea L
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 188-198
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/96/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:96-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Schemmer
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic,
Author-Name: Petra Chládeková
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic,
Author-Name: Juraj Medo
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic,
Author-Name: Marek Barta
Author-Workplace-Name: Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vieska nad Žitavou, Slovak Republic
Title: Natural prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi in hibernating pupae of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and virulence of selected isolates
Abstract: Spontaneous infection of hibernating Cameraria ohridella pupae by entomopathogenic fungi was monitored at two localities of south-western Slovakia and efficacy of selected fungal isolates against the pupae was evaluated in laboratory. Natural prevalence of fungal infection in pupal populations was low (< 7%) and varied depending upon collecting date, locality, year, and pathogen. Ten isolates of three fungal species, Beauveria pseudobassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, and I. farinosa, isolated from the naturally infected pupae and three isolates of non-insect origin of two fungi, B. bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, were screened for colony growth, conidial production in vitro, and virulence to C. ohridella pupae. A significant variability in the evaluated traits was detected among the isolates. Pupae demonstrated vulnerability to all the isolates irrespective of their origin, however virulence of isolates varied significantly. I. fumosorosea was the most virulent fungus with median lethal concentration of 0.09 × 104 conidia/ml (isolate CO10-IFu) and mean survival time of pupae of 7.14 days (isolate CO8-IFu). No correlation between conidial yield of isolates and fungal virulence was observed, but a moderately strong relationship was detected between virulence and mycelial growth rate of isolates.
Keywords: Beauveria, horse-chestnut leaf miner, Isaria, Metarhizium, survival analysis, virulence
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 199-208
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/110/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2015-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehdi Mollashahi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran
Author-Name: Ahad Sahragard
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Author-Name: Jafar Mohaghegh
Author-Workplace-Name: Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Reza Hosseini
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Author-Name: Hossein Sabouri
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran
Title: Effect of two host plants, Helianthus annuus L. and Sinapis arvensis L., on life table parameters of Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) under laboratory conditions
Abstract: The false chinch bug, Nysius cymoides (Spinola) is a pest of sunflower attacking sunflower fields from their weedy and cultivated hosts. The effect of sunflower and wild mustard (wild host) on the life table parameters of N. cymoides was studied under laboratory conditions (24 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, a 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod). Data were analysed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Developmental time (sum of incubation and nymphal periods) on wild mustard was longer than on sunflower with significant difference (P < 0.05). The adult longevity was significantly shorter on wild mustard than on sunflower. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity and adult longevity reared on sunflower and wild mustard showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The highest fecundity (58.72 eggs) and the longest female longevity (68.09 days) were on sunflower and lowest fecundity (5.67 eggs) was on wild mustard. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) on sunflower was higher than that on wild mustard, as it was 0.0437 ± 0.0039 on sunflower and 0.00033 ± 0.00599 per day on wild mustard and net reproductive rate (R0) on sunflower and wild mustard was 12.94 ± 2.77 and 1.075 ± 0.34 (offspring), respectively. The mean generation time (T) was 58.01 ± 1.59 and 56.76 ± 2.43 days, on sunflower and wild mustard, respectively. The life expectancy (exj), survival rate (sxj), and cumulative reproductive rate (Rx) on sunflower were higher than wild mustard. The results showed that sunflower was more suitable host than wild mustard to N. cymoides.
Keywords: false chinch bug, two-sex life table, wild mustard, sunflower
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 209-216
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/90/2015-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2015-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:90-2015-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ján Kollár
Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
Author-Name: Ladislav Bakay
Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
Author-Name: Michal Pástor
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
Title: First record of the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera, Monophlebidae) in Slovakia - short communication
Abstract: Damage by the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) was found on Rosmarinus officinalis at the locality Suchohrad in Slovakia. Icerya purchasi is a cosmopolitan plant pest of warmer climates. In Central Europe it is a pest of glasshouses. It is the first observation of the cottony cushion scale (at least short-term) occurrence in the outdoor conditions in Slovakia.
Keywords: Icerya purchasi, Coccoidea, insect pest, Monophlebidae
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 217-219
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/23/2016-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2016-PPS.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:52:y:2016:i:3:id:23-2016-PPS