Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Akköprü Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Author-Name: Hatice Özaktan Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey Title: Identification of rhizobacteria that increase yield and plant tolerance to angular leaf spot disease in cucumber Abstract: The biological control of angular leaf spot disease (ALS) of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl), using promising rhizobacteria (RB) and to compare RB efficacy to that of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) was investigated. Effects of ASM and RB isolate Pseudomonas putida AA11/1 that was isolated from the healthy cucumber root surface on disease severity and plant growth were evaluated using ALS-susceptible and tolerant cucumber cultivars in a growth chamber and a soilless growing system. ASM and AA11/1 significantly reduced average disease severity of ALS by 69 and 34% in the susceptible cultivar and 92 and 21% in the tolerant cultivar, respectively. ASM treatment significantly reduced Psl populations, but AA11/1 did not inhibit Psl growth in either cultivar. In the soilless system, disease severity was limited by either ASM or AA11/1, whereas only AA11/1 treatments significantly increased cucumber yield by 68 and 33% in the susceptible and tolerant cultivar, respectively. Keywords: Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, induced tolerance, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, acibenzolar-S-methyl Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 67-73 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/41/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:41-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emile Minyaka Author-Workplace-Name: Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers Training College of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Author-Name: Collette Vanessa Madina Banen Author-Workplace-Name: Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon Author-Name: Barbara Kusznierewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland$2 Author-Name: Oumar Doungous Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, IRAD Ekona Regional Research Centre, Buea, Cameroon Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers Training College of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Author-Name: Soungouna Haouni Author-Workplace-Name: Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon Author-Name: Joseph Hawadak Author-Workplace-Name: Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon Author-Name: Nicolas Niemenak Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers Training College of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Author-Name: Denis Ndoumou Omokolo Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers Training College of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Title: Effect of MgSO4 nutrition on Theobroma cacao L. susceptibility to Phytophthora megakarya infection Abstract: A new strategy to reduce the severity of black pod disease (BPD) in T. cacao plants using MgSO4 nutrition was investigated. The dynamics of the tolerance to BPD of 18 susceptible T. cacao plantlets coming from the cross (♀SNK64 × ♂UPA14) was monitored during weekly (8 weeks) supply of MgSO4 into the soil. Prior to MgSO4 application, disease scores of the 18 plantlets (in six sets of three plantlets per set) were varying between 3.5 (susceptible) and 5 (highly susceptible). After MgSO4 application, a substantial decrease in disease scores was observed compared to the control. The percentage of disease tolerance gain of plantlets versus MgSO4 supplied (0-2.96 g) presented a quasi-hyperbolic curve with asymptotic line corresponding to 60% (day 28) and 70% (day 56). Cysteine content was not significantly different between the six triplets before MgSO4 nutrition. On days 28 and 56 of MgSO4 supplementation, cysteine content presented a pattern similar to the tolerance gain of plantlet sets. The monitoring of glutathione content versus MgSO4 supplementation (compared to day 0) showed sigmoid (day 28) and hyperbolic (day 56) curves which were associated with defined mathematical laws determined by MALAB software. Negative and highly significant correlations were observed between disease scores, cysteine and glutathione contents in leaves while positive and highly significant correlations were observed between cysteine and glutathione contents in leaves. These data might mean that MgSO4 nutrition significantly improved the tolerance of T. cacao. The mechanism of tolerance improvement might be associated with the synthesis of sulphur-containing compounds (cysteine and glutathione) which might be directly or indirectly used by T. cacao against P. megakarya. Keywords: cocoa, profitability, sulphur, defence, pathogen Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-82 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/124/2016-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2016-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:124-2016-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Otmar Spring Author-Name: Reinhard Zipper Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: New highly aggressive pathotype 354 of Plasmopara halstedii in German sunflower fields Abstract: Downy mildew of sunflower is a recurrent threat for crop production and a permanent challenge for resistance breeding. Since 2016, a new pathotype of the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii has been found in fields of cutting sunflower in Southern Germany. Infection assays based on sunflower differential lines identified the pathogen as pathotype 354 which has not yet been described anywhere else. The new pathotype readily infected the host lines Ha-304, RHA-265, PM13, 803-1, and Ha-335, whereas RHA-274, PM17, HAR-4, and QHP1 remained uninfected. It is the first isolate of Plasmopara halstedii to overcome the Pl-6 resistance of sunflower in Germany. Keywords: Helianthus annuus, oomycetes, sunflower downy mildew, virulence pathotype Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 83-86 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/99/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:99-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jolanta Kowalska Author-Name: Dariusz Drożdżyński Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute (IPP-NRI), Poznań, Poland Title: Effects of potassium fertilisation on late potato blight and yield - short communication Abstract: Potato yields and infestation by P. infestans are related to the supply of potassium. Potassium was applied as soil fertilisation combined with split foliar applications or only as split foliar treatments at a maximum dose of 150 kg/ha K2O in both strategies, Lord and Ditta cultivars were used. Additionally, water spraying was included as an alternative treatment in order to maintain uniform moisture in the rows of plants. Plants fertilised with foliar spraying only were more infested than plants fertilised with combined methods. The fertiliser increased the protection impact of copper treatments against P. infestans. This may suggest a possible synergistic effect in reducing the symptoms of the disease, however not always statistically significant in both cultivars. Plants sprayed with water but without soil application of fertiliser showed a statistically significantly higher infestation rate, both in Lord and Ditta cultivars, compared to plants with soil application of fertiliser but without watering. Keywords: organic farming, P. infestans, plant defence stimulation, potato cultivars Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 87-91 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/79/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:79-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wenyue Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection and Author-Name: Ya Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection and Author-Name: Chong Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Science College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China; 3Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuangqing Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection and Author-Name: Xiaolan Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection and Title: A new disease of strawberry, fruit rot, caused by Geotrichum candidum in China. Abstract: A new disease of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) was discovered in the Lianqiao strawberry planting base in Shaodong County, in Hunan Province, China. In the early disease stage, leaves showed small black spots surrounded by yellow halos, while in the late stage, a white fluffy layer of mold appeared. Fruits were covered with a white layer of mold. The symptoms were observed using in vitro inoculation experiments. After the spray-inoculation of stabbed leaves, small black spots surrounded by yellow halos occurred on leaves, with no clear boundary between diseased and healthy areas. In the late stage, disease spots gradually expanded and a white fluffy layer of mold formed under humid conditions. Unstabbed leaves had almost no disease occurrence after spray-inoculation. After the spray-inoculation of stabbed fruits, by the late stage, a dense white layer of mold formed. According to Koch's postulates, the isolated strain was verified as a pathogen. The pathogenic strain, designated SDLQ16, was isolated from diseased fruit by dilution method and tentatively identified as G. candidum based on the culture characteristics, morphologies, physio-biochemical analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequence. The fungus was able to grow on different culture mediums, with a broad range of nutrition. The colonies on PDA medium were raised and pale white, with a neat edge and visible hyphae. The hyphae were friable but the spores were developing. Basal hyphae rapidly grew close to the medium to 3.2-4.2 µm in diameter, with septa and forked branches at acute angles. The solitary or beaded spores with smooth surfaces were 3.5-7.5 µm in length and 3.5-4.5 µm in width. This strain was able to gelatin liquefaction, proteolysis, grease, peptonised milk, urea, and so on. The pathogenicity on strawberry from strong to weak was: fruit > leaf > stem. A BLAST algorithm was used to query SDLQ16's rDNA-ITS sequence (cloned and deposited as GenBank number KU373122) against the NCBI database, and it was located in the Acinetobacter sp. branch of a phylogenetic tree. SDLQ16 was most closely related to Geotrichum candidum ATCC34614 (GQ4580314.1), with a sequence similarity of 99%. Keywords: strawberry, new disease, fruit rot, identification, rDNA-ITS Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 92-100 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/76/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:76-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Poslušná Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agritec Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Plachká Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Oilseed Crops, OSEVA PRO, Ltd., Opava, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Mazáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of agrobiology food and natural resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth Abstract: The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013-2015. One single-component fungicide - Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides - Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC50 values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC50 value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC50 values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively). Keywords: Brassica napus L., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, efficacy, tebuconazole, boscalid, dimoxystrobin, metconazole, prothioconazole, fluopyram Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 101-110 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/137/2016-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2016-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:137-2016-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ghulam Ali Bugti Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control and Author-Name: Wang Bin Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control and Author-Name: Cao Na Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control and Author-Name: Lin Hua Feng Author-Workplace-Name: School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Title: Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 against sap-sucking insect pests Abstract: An experimental trial was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain 202 (Bb-202) against multiple targeted sucking insect species that are serious pests of crops and ornamental plants. The insect species, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Jacobiasca formosana Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae) were exposed to conidia of B. bassiana at rates of 1.0 × 102, 3.5 × 103, 5 × 104, and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2 to determine the pathogenicity of B. bassiana. The fungal strain Bb-202 showed the highest pathogenicity to M. persicae and 100% corrected mortality observed in the treatments over 1.0 × 102 conidia/mm2, followed by the J. formosana with the final corrected mortality of 86.6, 94.4, and 97.4% after 10 days of fungal inoculation with 3.5 × 103, 5 × 104, and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2, respectively. The strain Bb-202 also showed good pathogenicity to B. tabaci and corrected mortalities of 77.9 and 81.1% were recorded when exposed to 5 × 104 and 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2. Relatively weak pathogenicity was observed in S. nashi, in which the highest corrected mortality of 63.7% occurred at 6.75 × 105 conidia/mm2. Accordingly, the LC50 and LT50 values of concentrations 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia/ml were calculated for M. persicae, J. formosana, B. tabaci, and S. nashi that were determined as 6.7 × 104, 1.3 × 106, 3.6 × 106, and 1.2 × 107 conidia/ml and LT50 was observed as 5.2~8.24, 5.1~6.6, 7.2~9.0, and 7.9~9.6 in days, respectively. Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, plant sucking insects Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 111-117 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/45/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:45-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Jakubowska Author-Name: Jan Bocianowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Kamila Nowosad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Title: Seasonal fluctuation of Agriotes lineatus, A. obscurus and A. sputator click beetles caught using pheromone traps in Poland Abstract: The trap catch of Agriotes species and dynamics of the occurrence of adult click beetles using pheromone traps were determined, and the relationship between the dynamics of the caught wireworms and the placement of traps in selected agricultural crops was investigated. The study was conducted in 2011-2014 in the fields of different crops at five localities in two regions in Poland. The effectiveness of trapping the Elateridae beetles using pheromone traps varied in different localities. The results of the analysis of variance indicate statistically significant differences in the number of A. lineatus beetles only in individual years of research. On average, most individuals of this species were observed in the first year of observation (72.62), and the least - in 2012 (18.5). Statistically significant differences in the occurrence of beetles in each month were observed for all species except A. obscurus. No statistically significant differences between populations of the tested Agriotes species were observed in different localities. Their effectiveness was influenced largely by weather conditions. Pheromone traps work well and can be a part of an assessment system for the integrated pest management of Agriotes species. Keywords: Agriotes spp., elaters, forecasting, monitoring, Yatlorf traps, IPM Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 118-127 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/39/2016-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2016-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201802-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:39-2016-PPS