Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zlata V. Ogneva Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Andrey R. Suprun Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biodiversity, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Alexandra S. Dubrovina Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Konstantin V. Kiselev Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biodiversity, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia Title: Effect of 5-azacytidine induced DNA demethylation on abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract: The effect of 5-azacytidine (5A)-induced DNA hypomethylation on the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Growth analysis revealed that aqueous solutions of 5A added to the soil did not affect the fresh and dry biomass accumulation but led to a higher percentage of flowering A. thaliana plants after four weeks of cultivation. The 5A treatment considerably lowered survival rates of Arabidopsis plants under high soil salinity, heat stress, and drought, while it did not affect the survival rates after freezing stress. 5A eliminated the stimulatory effect of the heat and drought stresses on the transcriptional levels of a number of stress-inducible genes, such as DREB1, LEA, SOS1, or RD29A. A less clear but similar trend has been detected for the effect of 5A on expression of the stress-inducible genes under salt and cold stresses. The data indicate that DNA methylation is an important mechanism regulating plant abiotic stress resistance. Keywords: 5A, DNA methylation, freezing, drought, heat, soil salinity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 73-80 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/94/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:94-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Cejnar Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludmila Ohnoutková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Hana Region for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Ripl Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiban Kumar Kundu Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Wheat dwarf virus infectious clones allow to infect wheat and Triticum monococcum plants Abstract: We constructed Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) infectious clones in the bacterial plasmids pUC18 and pIPKb002 and tested their ability to inoculate plants using Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun biolistic inoculation method and Agrobacterium tumefaciens agroinoculation method, and we then compared them with the natural inoculation method via viruliferous P. alienus. Infected plants were generated using both infectious clones, whereas the agroinoculation method was able to produce strong systemic infection in all three tested cultivars of wheat and Triticum monococcum, comparable to plants inoculated by viruliferous P. alienus. Infection was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, and WDV titres were quantified using qPCR. The levels of remaining bacterial plasmid DNA were also confirmed to be zero. Keywords: WDV, Triticum aestivum L., virus infectious clone, agroinoculation, biolistic inoculation, leafhopper, qPCR detection Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 81-89 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/42/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:42-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Komínek Author-Name: Jaroslav Polák Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Virology and Phytoplasmatology, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marcela Komínková Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Virology and Phytoplasmatology, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ralph Scorza Author-Workplace-Name: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, USA (retired) Title: Gene flow was not detected from a field trial of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet - Short Communication Abstract: A field trial with plum cv. HoneySweet was established in 2003 in an experimental plot near Crop Research Institute in Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic, on the basis of a permission issued by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. In addition to the evaluation of resistance of plum cv. HoneySweet to Plum pox virus, the field trial was used to evaluate gene flow of the inserted transgene. Sampling of blackthorn and myrobalan trees outside the field test site occurred at distances ranging from 544 m to 845 m from the test site and showed no gene flow, testing both plants and seeds collected from blackthorns and myrobalans. Similarly, seeds from plums cv. Jojo growing directly at the field test place did not show any presence of the transgene after seven years of evaluation. Keywords: Prunus domestica L. environment, Plum pox virus, resistance, transgene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 90-92 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/96/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:96-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco T. Arroyo Author-Workplace-Name: IFAPA Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain Author-Name: Rocío Rodríguez Arcos Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Fitoquímica de los Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: Ana Jiménez Araujo Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Fitoquímica de los Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: Rafael Guillén Bejarano Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Fitoquímica de los Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain Author-Name: María José Basallote Author-Workplace-Name: IFAPA Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain Author-Name: Carmen Barrau Author-Workplace-Name: IFAPA Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Alcalá del Río (Sevilla), Spain Title: Inhibitory effect of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system on Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium spiculum Abstract: Glucosinolate extracts from sprouts of common Brassica nigra, B. juncea cv. Scala, B. carinata cv. Eleven, and Sinapis alba cv. Ludique were analysed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry. The effect of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system on in vitro mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Pythium spiculum B. Paul was assessed. Likewise, sinigrin and sinalbin monohydrate commercial standards were also tested. The extracts from B. carinata, which contained 159 mmol/g plant DW equivalent (85% sinigrin, 5% gluconapin, and 3% glucotropaeolin), were the most effective against Phytophthora and Pythium isolates used in this study. However, the extract from S. alba, which contained 1 180 mmol/g (100% sinalbin), did not inhibit the mycelial growth of the isolates tested. The use of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system provides important additional information to advance in the implementation of field application of brassicaceous amendments for the control of soil-borne pathogens. Keywords: isothiocyanates, plant defence, Brassica, Phytophthora spp., Pythium spp Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 93-101 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/98/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:98-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karolina Górzyńska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Taxonomy, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Ewa Węgrzyn Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Taxonomy, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Rafał Sandecki Author-Workplace-Name: Inowrocław, Poland Author-Name: Marlena Lembicz Title: Endophytic fungi and latent pathogens in the sedge Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), a critically endangered species in Europe Abstract: Endophytic fungi are widespread in plants and affect the host fitness and population size. We found 12 fungal taxa in C. secalina, a critically endangered species in several European countries, at two study sites in Poland. The most frequently occurring fungal taxa were Colletotrichum destructivum and Acremonium sp. Both taxa were found in half of the examined tussocks. The highest number of fungal taxa was noted in the C. secalina plants growing in the roadside area, where 7 of the 12 identified fungal taxa occurred. These fungi, inhabiting leaf tissues, are known for their pathogenicity but no visible symptoms of any diseases were observed on C. secalina leaves. This suggests that these fungi are latent pathogens. Keywords: Colletotrichum, fungal diseases, fungal endophytes, halophytic species Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 102-108 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/120/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:120-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Anees Author-Name: Muhammad Abid Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Shafiq ur Rehman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science Technology, Kohat, Pakistan Author-Name: Nadeem Ahmed Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu Kashmir Author-Name: Muhammad Ashraf Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Lixin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Kil Yong Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea Title: Antifungal activity of various chitinolytic bacteria against Colletotrichum in pepper Abstract: Colletotrichum gleosporioides causes the anthracnose disease in plants including vegetables and fruits. The pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed by using pepper fruit inoculation assays. The chitinolytic bacterial strains Paenibacillus elgii HOA73, Lysobacter capsici HS124, Streptomyces griseus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Paenibacillus ehimensis MA2012 were evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungal strains. The bacteria significantly inhibited C. gleosporioides strain 40003, the inhibition ranging from 17% to 37%. Similarly, 5-41% inhibition of C. gleosporioides 40896 was noticed. Moreover, C. gleosporioides 40965 and 42113 were also inhibited. The n-butanol extracted crude compound of P. ehimensis MA2012 completely inhibited the spore germination of the phytopathogen. Hence the chitinolysis may be considered as an important trait for screening the biocontrol bacteria against anthracnose. Keywords: anthracnose, Colletotrichum gleosporioides, chitinolytic, biocontrol Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 109-115 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/72/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:72-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Gantner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Functional Food, Ecological Food and Commodities, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka Najda Author-Name: Dariusz Piesik Title: Effect of phenolic acid content on acceptance of hazel cultivars by filbert aphid Abstract: The allelopatic effect of phenolic acids contents in the leaves of six cultivars of hazel (Corylus L.) on the choice of plants by Myzocallis coryli Goetze (filbert aphid), one of the most important pest of hazel in Poland and throughout the world, was identified. The cvs White Filbert, Mogulnus, and Luizen Zellernus were more resistant to the feeding of aphids in all the years than cvs Minnas, Barra, and Halls Giant. The highest content of total phenolic acids was reported in the leaves of cvs White Filbert and Luizen Zellernuss, with a low level of acceptance by aphids. These cultivars demonstrated a high concentration of gallic acid and caffeic acid. In the leaves of cvs Minnas and Halls Giant, much infested by aphids, the total content of phenolic acids was significantly lower. Moreover, gallic and caffeic acids occurred at significantly lower concentrations. The chromatographic analysis of hazel leaf extracts revealed the presence of eight phenolic acids: gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic, chlorogenic, ferrulic, caffeic, and α-resorcinolic. The leaves of the tested cultivars, irrespective of the level of resistance to filbert aphid, showed a definitely higher concentration of acids, derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid, if compared to the amount of acids - derivatives of benzoic acid. Keywords: Corylus L. Myzocallis coryli, chromatographic analyse Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 116-122 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/150/2017-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/150/2017-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:150-2017-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Kolařík Author-Name: Jiří Rotrekl Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd, Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karla Kolaříková Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Research Ltd, Troubsko, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy of biological formulations against Neoglocianus maculaalba and Dasineura papaveris in Papaver somniferum Abstract: The effectiveness of selected insecticides against capsule weevils (Neoglocianus maculaalba) and capsule midges (Dasineura papaveris), which are the main pests of breadseed poppy, was verified in a small-plot field experiment in 2015-2017. The effect of foliar application was evaluated according to boreholes on capsule surfaces caused by the feeding of capsule weevil adults and larvae numbers in capsules collected approximately 4 weeks after application. Biological efficacy of the tested biological formulations Spintor (active ingredient spinosad 240 g/l) in dosage 0.4 l/ha and NeemAzal T/S (active ingredient azadirachtin A 10.6 g/l) in dosage 3 l/ha against N. maculaalba larvae in individual years of monitoring ranged from 46.4% to 77.7% and from 67.7% to 82.9%, respectively. The effect of the formulation Prev B2 (boron ethanolamine corresponding to 2.1% of water-soluble boron) in 0.3% dosage was in the range of 59.5-81.9%. Their efficacy did not differ significantly compared to the registered chemical standards Biscaya 240 OD (active ingredient thiacloprid 240 g/l) and Decis Mega (active ingredient deltamethrin 50 g/l). Therefore, these biological insecticides are potentially useful for the effective control of N. maculaalba and D. papaveris population densities and reduction of damage they cause to breadseed poppy. Keywords: plant protection, capsule weevils, capsule midges, thiacloprid, spinosad, azadirachtin, boron ethanolamine Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 123-128 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/25/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:25-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Zúbrik Author-Name: Andrej Gubka Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Slavomír Rell Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Andrej Kunca Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jozef Vakula Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Juraj Galko Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Christo Nikolov Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Roman Leontovyč Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Centre of Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic Title: First record of Corythucha arcuata in Slovakia - Short Communication Abstract: In June 2018, the presence of one adult specimen and one egg cluster of the North-American oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata were recorded near the village of Mužla, close to the Danube River, in southern Slovakia. They were found on leaves of Quercus cerris growing in a mixed stand. In August 2018, other specimens (nymphs and adults) were observed on Quercus robur leaves, near Čičarovce, in eastern Slovakia. This is the first record of C. arcuata in our country. The oak lace bug probably reached us while invading from Hungary, where heavy infestation is reported from several parts of the country. Keywords: oak lace bug, Quercus spp., invasive species Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 129-133 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/124/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:124-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Majić Author-Name: Ankica Sarajlić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Tamás Lakatos Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Fruitculture Research Institute, Ujfeherto, Hungary Author-Name: Tímea Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Fruitculture Research Institute, Ujfeherto, Hungary Author-Name: Emilija Raspudić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Zlatko Puškadija Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Gabriella Kanižai Šarić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Žiga Laznik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Virulence of new strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Croatia against Lasioptera rubi Abstract: Soil samples from 100 cultivated and natural sites were assessed for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditid nematodes were recovered from three soil samples during spring months, with the overall positive sample rate of 3%. The isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were identified as three different strains conspecific with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae). They were found from natural sites and vineyard, while no recovery occurred from intensively cultivated agricultural fields. The morphometrical characteristics of infective juveniles and males showed differences between all Croatian strains and from the original description. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ISO9 was bioassayed on Lasioptera rubi (Cecidomyiidae) (the raspberry gall midge) larvae at different nematode concentrations under laboratory conditions. The significantly highest mortality was observed in treatments with 50 and 200 infective juveniles per insect larvae within 8 days after inoculation. This is the first report of entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae from Croatia, and susceptibility of L. rubi larvae to entomopathogenic nematodes. The Croatian strain H. bacteriophora ISO9 was proved to possess strong insecticidal properties against L. rubi larvae. Keywords: entomopathogenic nematode, raspberry gall midge, bioassay, biocontrol Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 134-141 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/119/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/119/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:119-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Suchomel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture Author-Name: Jan Šipoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture Author-Name: Ladislav Čepelka Author-Workplace-Name: and Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marta Heroldová Author-Workplace-Name: and Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of Microtus arvalis and Lepus europaeus on apple trees by trunk bark gnawing Abstract: A unique evaluation of the apple tree trunk bark damage caused by common vole and European hare was presented. Damage was found in an apple orchard under organic farming, in Central Moravia (Czech Republic), at 700 m a.s.l. There were two cultivated apple cultivars Red Spring and Melodie/Angold. Damage occurred in winter with the snow cover lasting from December to February. In total 1 012 trees and 95.7% of trees were damaged. The cv. Red Spring was damaged more than cv. Melodie/Angold. Almost 90% of the dead trees were killed by common voles. While hares damaged both cultivars equally, voles damaged the cv. Red Spring to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.04). The study confirms the need of further research on the development of methodologies for orchard protection from damage caused by small mammals. Keywords: Common vole, European hare, Malus × domestica, orchards, tree damage Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 142-147 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/64/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/64/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201902-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:64-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleš Lebeda Author-Name: Václav Kůdela Title: RNDr. Marcela Braunová: Executive Editor of Plant Protection Science - retired Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 148 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/27/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:2:id:27-2019-PPS