Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Otmar Spring Title: Spreading and global pathogenic diversity of sunflower downy mildew - Review Abstract: Since almost a century, sunflower cultivation is endangered by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese & de Toni, a biotrophic oomycete causing downy mildew symptoms. The pathogen has conquered four of the five continents, and through high genetic plasticity recurrently avoided being reliably controlled by the introduction of resistant host cultivars in sunflower production. This paper attempts to retrace the historic routes of sunflower downy mildew spreading from its North American origin into Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. An update of the global diversity of pathotypes will be provided and critically discussed. Finally, the limits of the currently applied bioassay-based techniques for diversity assessment are pointed out and an alternative for continuous and area-wide monitoring is discussed. Keywords: Plasmopara halstedii, sunflower downy mildew, pathotype diversity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 149-158 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/32/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:32-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Glasa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Katarína Šoltys Author-Workplace-Name: Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Predajňa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Nina Sihelská Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Budiš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Michaela Mrkvová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ján Kraic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Daniel Mihálik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ana Belén Ruiz-García Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Center of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Moncada, Spain Title: High-throughput sequencing of Potato virus M from tomato in Slovakia reveals a divergent variant of the virus Abstract: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) samples revealed the presence of Potato virus M (PVM) in this crop in Slovakia. Full-length genomes of three PVM isolates were obtained using both HTS and Sanger sequencing validation. While two isolates (T40 and T50) were shown to belong to major Group I, a divergent T20 isolate was phylogenetically unrelated to any known PVM variant, potentially representing a new phylogenetic group. Despite a relatively high intraspecies diversity (17.3 ± 0.3%), no evidence of recombination was detected in the dataset of available complete PVM sequences. Conventional screening of tomato plants in Slovakia using ELISA and RT-PCR further confirmed a frequent occurrence of PVM in this host. Developed RT-PCR showed its polyvalence to detect the PVM Group I isolates, however, in silico analysis of primer binding sites indicated its compromised use for Group II isolates. Our results further pinpoint the significance of HTS for unbiased unveiling of virus diversity and a need for continual optimisation of molecular detection tools. Keywords: PVM, Solanum lycopersicum L., Carlavirus, full-length genome, RT-PCR, phylogenetical diversity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 159-166 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/144/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/144/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:144-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Navrátil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dana Šafářová Title: Naturally occurring recombinant isolate of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus - Short Communication Abstract: Whole genome sequences of three Czech Pea seed-borne mosaic virus isolates belonging to P1 pathotype and causing different symptom intensity were obtained. Using RDP4 analysis the natural recombinant isolate PSB204CZ bearing two breakpoints in nucleotide positions 4053 and 6080 was identified. The isolate was composed of fragment 2028 nt in length partially covering CI and 6K2 regions of the minor parent (PSB262CZ) incorporated into the major parent (PSB194CZ). The results suggest that the observed recombination in CI-6K2 region is responsible for severity of developed symptoms. This observation detected for the first time natural recombination within PSbMV isolates of an important pathogen of leguminous plants. Keywords: potyvirus, Pisum sativum L., RDP4, P1 pathotype, symptoms Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 167-171 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/155/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:155-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Faltusová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Vaculová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jozef Pavel Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ilona Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Hajšlová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslava Ovesná Title: Fusarium culmorum Tri genes and barley Hvugt13248 gene transcription in infected barley cultivars Abstract: The transcription activities of genes somehow associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, namely Fusarium Tri genes, and the barley gene coding for UDP-glycosyltransferase (HvUGT13248) on different genetic backgrounds were compared. Determining the amount of the pathogen DNA was used as a useful tool for evaluating the infestation of barley cultivars. Amounts of the pathogen DNA differed in six barley cultivars infected by F. culmorum. Transcription of HvUGT13248 was related to DON content in the samples. Low pathogenic infection and low DON content were accompanied by increased Fusarium Tri10 transcription in resistant cv. Amulet. This finding confirmed our recent results and makes us propose using this change as a possible marker of barley resistance against Fusarium. Keywords: barley, UDP-glycosyltransferase, RT qPCR, DON biosynthesis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 172-180 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/21/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:21-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Barna Author-Name: Ivan Mihál Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Bark necrotic disease in a beech thicket Abstract: Symptoms of non-specific bark necroses in beech trees of all ages have lately been described. We investigated the occurrence of bark necrotic disease in beech thicket and health status of the trees. Our objective was to examine how bark necrotic wounds persist and the regenerative potential of young beech thicket. The research experiment was carried out at two isolated localities in the Western Carpathians in the period 2015-2017. A terminal shoot (stem) and a lateral shoot (branch) of each of the 30 sampled beech trees were examined. Young beech stands were affected by the necrotic disease in 87-94% cases (stems 69-83%, branches 33-56%). Shoot diameter and age had a significantly negative linear correlation (P < 0.05) with the development of all analysed disease characteristics on the beech bark. The encouraging finding is a positive regenerative capacity of young beech trees. Over the same period more annual shoots were healed in comparison with those that were newly infected (10.8% on stems and 0.6% on branches). Keywords: annual shoots, beech bark disease, damage, Fagus sylvatica L., fungal infection, young beech stand Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 181-190 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/117/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:117-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dragan Karadžić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Zlatan Radulović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Katarzyna Sikora Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute - IBL, Sękocin Stary, Poland Author-Name: Zoran Stanivuković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of the Integral Protection of Forest Ecosystems, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: Vesna Golubović Ćurguz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Tomasz Oszako Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute - IBL, Sękocin Stary, Poland Author-Name: Ivan Milenković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Workplace-Name: Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cryphonectria parasitica on sweet chestnut and sessile oak trees in Serbia Abstract: The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on the culture morphology, all the obtained isolates were proven to be free from Cryphonectria (Saccardo) Saccardo & D. Saccardo hypovirus. The isolates of C. parasitica from the sweet chestnut were compatible with three different vegetative compatibility types, EU-12, EU-2, and EU-1, while the isolates from the sessile oak belonged to EU-12. After inoculation in laboratory conditions, the isolate from the sweet chestnut and sessile oak caused the decline in 88 and 76% of the sweet chestnut plants, respectively. In the case of the sessile oak, both isolates caused the decline in 52% of the plants. In field conditions, both isolates were aggressive to sessile oak trees after previous bark wounds and they were statistically significantly different compared to the control trees. The isolate from the sweet chestnut caused significantly larger cankers compared to both the isolate from the sessile oak and the control. Keywords: chestnut blight fungus, oak decline, sequencing, vegetative compatibility type diversity, aggressiveness Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 191-201 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/38/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:38-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dahou Moutassem Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory for Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria Author-Name: Lakhdar Belabid Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory for Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria Author-Name: Yuva Bellik Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria Author-Name: Sihem Ziouche Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria Author-Name: Faiza Baali Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria Title: Efficacy of essential oils of various aromatic plants in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt and inducing systemic resistance in chickpea seedlings Abstract: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris Padwick (FOC) and their effects in inducing systemic resistance in chickpeas. The EOs chemical composition was analysed by GC-MS. Carvacrol, geraniol and 1,8-cineole were the major constituents in thyme, lemongrass and laurel EOs. The latter showed effective antifungal activity against FOC. In vivo tests revealed that thyme and lemongrass EOs were also very effective in reducing the severity in chickpeas and reached an inhibition rate of 99.3 and 88.9%, respectively. Chickpea resistance is mostly attributed to phenolic compounds accumulation. The highest content of polyphenols was obtained with thyme (22.7 to 57.5 mg/g). The studied EOs could be used as promising antifungal agents in preventing the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in chickpeas. Keywords: plant disease, phytochemicals, antifungal activity, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, polyphenols, flavonoids Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 202-217 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/134/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/134/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:134-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Surviliené Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Workplace-Name: Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Name: Sonata Kazlauskaité Title: First report of Dasineura oxycoccana in Lithuania - Short Communication Abstract: Damage by the blueberry gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was found on different cultivars of highbush Vaccinium corymbosum L. at different localities of Lithuania. D. oxycoccana is a serious insect pest of blueberries in North America. In 1996, unusual damage on blueberries was observed in Europe. This is the first report of the blueberry gall midge occurrence in blueberry plantations in Lithuania. Keywords: blueberry pest, blueberry gall midge, Cecidomyiidae, new country record Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 218-221 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/135/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/135/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:135-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arkadiusz Chruściel Author-Workplace-Name: MEXEO Institute of Technology, Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland Author-Name: Wiesław Hreczuch Author-Workplace-Name: MEXEO Institute of Technology, Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland Author-Name: Weronika Piontek Author-Workplace-Name: MEXEO Institute of Technology, Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland Author-Name: Joanna Szumigaj-Tarnowska Author-Workplace-Name: INHORT Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Title: Chemical stability of chlorine dioxide in the presence of prochloraz manganese Abstract: The chemical stability of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the presence of prochloraz manganese (prochloraz-Mn) as biologically active substances used in agrochemical treatments in the cultivation of mushrooms are presented. For model mixtures of the tested components, a relative decrease in ClO2 content over time was measured in the proportions applied during the mushroom cultivation cycle. Within 20 min after preparing a mixture of 1 500 ppm prochloraz-Mn and 100 ppm ClO2 in water, the relative decrease in the concentration of ClO2 was 20%. The obtained results indicate a possibility of simultaneously introducing the working mixture of ClO2 and prochloraz-Mn salt into the champignon peat casing, assuming its use directly after preparation. Keywords: champignons, cultivation of mushrooms, peat casing Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 222-227 Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/70/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-201903-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:55:y:2019:i:3:id:70-2018-PPS