Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Janků Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lucie Činčalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka Luhová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Lochman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Petřivalský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Biological effects of oomycetes elicitins Abstract: Successful plant defence responses to pathogen challenges are based on fast and specific pathogen recognition and plant reaction mechanisms. Elicitins, proteinaceous elicitors secreted by the Phytophthora and Pythium species, were first described in Phytophthora culture filtrates as proteins able to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance in tobacco at low concentrations. Later, they were classified as microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) able to induce defences in a variety of plant species. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the actual knowledge on the representative elicitins and their structure, perception and activation of plant signalling pathways. The current research of elicitins has been focused on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the elicitin recognition by plant cells. Moreover, the possibility of elicitin involvement in the establishment and enhancement of plant host resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens has been intensively studied. Keywords: Phytophthora, cryptogein, infestin, plant immunity, resistance, pathogen Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-8 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/21/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:21-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henryk Pospieszny Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Natasza Borodynko-Filas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Plant Disease Clinic and Bank of Pathogens, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Bartosz Czerwonka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Santiago F. Elena Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Biología Integrativa y de Sistemas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, València, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA Title: An assessment of the transmission rate of Tomato black ring virus through tomato seeds Abstract: Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infects a wide range of economically important plants, and is distributed worldwide. TBRV is transmitted by soil-inhabiting nematodes. However, a long-distance dispersion is possible via seeds and pollen. In this study, we provided evidence that virus can be efficiently transmitted through tomato seeds. Three tomato varieties (Beta Lux, Grace and Money Maker) and four genetically diverse TBRV isolates collected originally from different hosts were used in the experiments. The seedlings were grown in an insect-proof glasshouse and the presence of TBRV was verified by immunoassay (ELISA). The seed transmission was significantly dependent on tomato cultivar and virus isolate ranging from 1.69% up to 14.57%. Bioassays using Chenopodium quinoa plants confirmed the presence of infectious virus in the seeds. Keywords: ELISA, seed transmission, Solanum lycoperscium, TBRV Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 9-12 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/33/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:33-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Tóthová Author-Name: Kamil Hudec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: Peter Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia Title: Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to strobilurin fungicides in Slovakia Abstract: Rapeseed isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary 1884 from Nitra Region of Slovakia were investigated for their in vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin; and determining the EC50 value. The growth of S. sclerotiorum was evaluated on PDA amended with the selected fungicide´s active ingredient at 4 different concentration - 0.08, 0.83, 8.33, and 83.30 ppm. The overall mean EC50 values for azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin were 2.73 ppm and 3.12 ppm respectively. Majority of isolates had a resistance factors up to 20, that suggests the shift in S. sclerotiorum population sensitivity towards the resistance. Keywords: azoxystrobin, EC50, mycelial growth inhibition, rapeseed, picoxystrobin, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 13-17 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/13/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:13-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lan Ying Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R.China Author-Name: Wen Cheng How Author-Workplace-Name: Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, P.R. China Author-Name: Tian An Shen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R.China Author-Name: Rong Di Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA Author-Name: Yanping Luo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R.China Title: Chemical composition, antioxidant and bioactivities of essential oils from Melaleuca bracteata leaves Abstract: Melaleuca bracteata possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, and herbicidal activities. However, the agricultural applications of M. bracteata have not been explored yet. The M. bracteata leaves were distilled, and the petroleum ether extract of the essential oils (PEEO) was analysed by GC-MS, where methyl eugenol was found to be the most abundant (66.68%). The total polyphenol content (TPC), the total flavonoids content (TFC) of the PEEO were 6.617 ± 0.535 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 7.086 ± 0.452 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC50 values of the DPPH, ABTS and Fe3+ were 4.180 ± 0.050 mg/ml, 5.400 ± 0.140 mg/ml, and 8.935 ± 0.067 mg/g, respectively. The EC50 value of the PEEO was 33.78 ± 2.35 μg/ml against the Pyricularia oryzae. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were 0.10 mg/ml and 0.45 mg/ml against Bacillus subtilis. The results indicate that M. bracteata PEEO possesses excellent antioxidant activities and bioactivities. Keywords: total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, scavenging activity, antifungal activities, antibacterial activities Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 18-29 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/38/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:38-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Protection Service, Forestry and Game Management Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marie Zahradníková Title: The relationships between Pityogenes chalcographus and Nemosoma elongatum in clear-cuts with different types of management Abstract: Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a significant pest of young spruce stands up to the age of about 20 years. Predation can be a significant part of decreasing its population density. The aim of the research was to determine the relationships between captured P. chalcographus and its major predator Nemosoma elongatum (Linnaeus, 1761). The research was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in five areas with the following conditions: two clear-cuts covered with freely distributed brushwood, two clear-cuts which had no brushwood remaining and the last locality was an older (more than two years older) clear-cut with no brushwood. The catches from the pheromone baited traps used to lure P. chalcographus showed a strong positive correlation between P. chalcographus and N. elongatum. Furthermore, comparisons were drawn between the N. elongatum catches from each clear-cut. The differences in the proportions of the predator N. elongatum to the trapped P. chalcographus were identified between the types of clear-cuts with the highest proportion of trapped N. elongatum in the clear-cuts with the brushwood and the lowest proportion in the clear-cuts with the removed brushwood. Keywords: predator, spruce, brushwood, forest protection, control, flight curve Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 30-34 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/5/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:5-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alois Honěk Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zdenka Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Brabec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Saska Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Predicting aphid abundance on winter wheat using suction trap catches Abstract: The relationship between the number of cereal aphids in flight (recorded by a national grid of suction traps in the Czech Republic) and their occurrence on winter wheat (in Prague) was established between 1999-2015. The flight of all the species was bimodal. Except for Rhopalosiphum padi, whose flight activity peaked in autumn, > 80% of individuals were trapped during April to mid-August. The species frequency was different between the winter wheat and aerial populations. R. padi, the dominant species in the trap catches, formed a small proportion of the aphids on the winter wheat, while Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum, which were underrepresented in the suction traps, alternately dominated the populations on the wheat. The aphid abundance in the wheat stands was correlated with the suction trap catches in the "spring" peak (April to mid-August), and the maximum flight activity occurred 4-10 days after the peak in the number of aphids on the wheat. In contrast, the prediction of the aphid abundance in the wheat stands using the total suction trap catches until the 15th of June (the final date for the application of crop protection actions) was reliable only for M. dirhodum. Its maximum abundance on the wheat exceeded 40 aphids per tiller if the total suction trap catch until the 15th of June was ≥ 60 individuals per trap. The prediction of R. padi and S. avenae abundance using the suction trap catches was not reliable. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae, flight Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 35-45 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/53/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:53-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonije Žunić Author-Name: Slavica Vuković Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Sanja Lazić Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Dragana Šunjka Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Dragana Bošković Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: The efficacy of novel diamide insecticides in Grapholita molesta suppression and their residues in peach fruits Abstract: The oriental fruit moth [(Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916)] represents one of the most significant and destructive pests of peaches in Serbia and worldwide. Its susceptibility to the novel diamide insecticides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole, was assessed in this article. The dissipation dynamics and behaviour of these insecticides in the peach fruit were also determined. Field trials were carried out at two localities in the Republic of Serbia (Čerević, Mala Remeta), according to standard EPPO methods. The cyantraniliprole (100 g a. i./l, SE) and chlorantraniliprole (200 g a. i./l, SC) based products were foliar applied at rate of 0.6 and 0.2 l/ha, respectively. The efficacy of the applied products was evaluated by counting the number of fruits damaged by the G. molesta larvae. The high efficacy of cyantraniliprole (89.5-94.1%) and chlorantraniliprole (93.5-95.6%) was achieved at both localities. Right after the drying of the deposit, the concentration of cyantraniliprole in the peach fruits was at the EU maximum residue level (MRL) of 1.5 mg/kg, while the MRL level of 1 mg/kg was achieved after seven days (0.95 mg/kg) for chlorantraniliprole. The cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole half-life dissipation in the peach fruit were 2.50 and 3.15 days. It can be concluded that the high efficacy of the researched insecticides is a good indicator of G. molesta susceptibility in peach orchards. Keywords: Cydia molesta, Prunus persica, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, HPLC Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 46-51 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/71/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:71-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chaoqun Zang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiujun Lin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China *Corresponding Author: liangchunhao99@126.com Qiujun Lin contributed equally to this work. Author-Name: Jinhui Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ying Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Kuihua Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunhao Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: The biological control of the grapevine downy mildew disease using Ochrobactrum sp. Abstract: Grape downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni 1888, is a widespread fungal disease that causes serious harm to the grape production. The long-term continuous use of chemical pesticides has caused issues with the resistance, residues and resurgence, as well as creating environmental pollution and the declining quality of the products. A biological control offers a safe and effective method to control diseases. We determined the in vitro antagonistic activity of 303 bacterial strains from infected grapevine leaves, and 12 isolates showed some level of antagonism in a detached leaf assay. Isolate SY286 reduced the disease severity in the detached leaves by 93.18%, and showed good control effects in a field assay. The scanning electron microscopy showed the damaged P. viticola cell walls when the mycelia and sporangia were treated with the fermentation liquor of isolate SY286. Furthermore, it showed an antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Trichothecium roseum, and Botryosphaeria berengeriana. The isolate was identified as Ochrobactrum sp. combined with its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical reactions and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and it has the potential to control the grapevine downy mildew. Keywords: Plasmopara viticola, antimicrobial activity, biocontrol agent, phyllosphere microorganism Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 52-61 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/87/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:87-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Slavomír Rell Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic. Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic. Author-Name: Miloš Knížek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic. Author-Name: Juraj Galko Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Forest Protection Service, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic. Title: The first record of Pityophthorus micrographus in Slovakia Abstract: In April 2018, the presence of Pityophthorus micrographus (Linnaeus, 1758) was recorded at the lumber yard, in the town of Spišská Nová Ves. It was collected from a pheromone trap, lured with ethanol. This is the first record of P. micrographus in Slovakia. There is a possibility of its longer presence in Slovakia since it had been confirmed previously in most of the countries neighbouring Slovakia. Keywords: bark beetle, non-native species, spruce, pheromone trap, lumber yard Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 62-65 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/62/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202001-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:62-2019-PPS