Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Ripl Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Dráb Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Sebastien Gadiou Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiban Kumar Kundu Title: Differences in responses to Wheat dwarf virus infection in contrasting wheat cultivars Ludwig and Svitava Abstract: The two contrasting cultivars, the very susceptible Ludwig and moderately susceptible Svitava, previously evaluated in field trials to determine their resistance levels to Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), were analysed by four different test methods to allow for the comparison of the methods and to consider whether the resistance level of cv. Svitava can be an effective component of wheat protection from the virus. The differences in the proportion of the diseased plants were observed after the inoculation by the viruliferous leafhoppers. The differences in the cultivar resistance levels were evaluated by comparing the biomass production after the infection. The amount of viral DNA was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Concurrently, the cultivar response to the virus infection after the controlled inoculation by the leafhoppers [Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom, 1850)] under field conditions was further evaluated. The infected plants of cv. Svitava produced five times more dry matter in the vegetative growth stage than cv. Ludwig. The quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the resistance in cv. Svitava. The plant inoculation under a standardised infection pressure showed that the probability of the WDV infection after the inoculation feeding is smaller in the cv. Svitava plants. The comparison of the results from the different test methods shows that the field resistance tests are necessary to obtain a proper assessment of the possibilities for the cultivars' utilisation in the crop protection. Keywords: Wheat dwarf virus, resistance, winter wheat, cv. Ludwig, cv. Svitava Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 67-73 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/57/2018-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2018-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:57-2018-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonios Zambounis Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Naoussa, Greece Author-Name: Oksana Sytar Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Dimitris Valasiadis Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research & Technology (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: Zoe Hilioti Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research & Technology (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece Title: Effect of photosensitisers on growth and morphology of Phytophthora citrophthora coupled with leaf bioassays in pear seedlings Abstract: The phytopathogenic oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora cause devastating economic losses worldwide. Naphthodianthrone compounds, present in plant extracts of buckwheat and Saint John's wort act as photosensitiser agents and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects of fagopyrin and hypericin on Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian 1906, the main causal agent of rot diseases in deciduous trees. Fagopyrin had the highest inhibitory effect in the colony growth at a concentration of 2% of a stock solution (3 mg/mL), inducing clubbed hyphae with round tips. Notably, hypericin also inhibited the radial colony growth and increased the hyphal branching at the subapical region, while also promo­ting the formation of enlarged cells with irregular shapes growing collectively as biofilm-like structures. In terms of the mycelial dry weight, although both photosensitisers had considerable inhibitory effects, the fagopyrin treatment was most effective. Leaf bioassays showed that under dark conditions the photosensitiser pre-treated zoospores formed a dense, but aberrant, mycelial growth with penetration defects. In contrast, when the zoospore production was perfor­med under light conditions, the zoospores failed to cause necrotic lesions and penetration events implying that their virulence was impaired. These findings shed light on the biological effects of fagopyrin and hypericin in the regulation of the mycelial growth, morphology and pathogenicity of P. citrophthora. Keywords: crop protection, hypericin, hyphal morphology, oomycetes, phytochemicals, plant-microbe interactions Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 74-82 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/102/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/102/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:102-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Otmar Spring Author-Name: Javier Gómez-Zeledón Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Influence of oxathiapiprolin on preinfectional and early infection stages of Plasmopara halstedii, downy mildew of the sunflower Abstract: Oxathiapiprolin is a recently introduced fungicide with particular activity against hemibiotrophic and biotrophic oomycetes. For Plasmopara halstedii, the downy mildew of the sunflower, no detailed studies for the activity of the pure compound on the preinfectional and early infection stages in which the fungicide could most effectively interfere with the life cycle of the pathogen have been reported. The fungicide was shown to be active against all stages of the pathogen starting from the release of the zoospores to the development of the mycelia and the formation of the sporangia. Differences in the sensitivity of the different developmental stages are in accordance with the suggested mechanism of the fungicide activity which targets sterol-binding proteins. The experiments showed that, in preventive treatments against very sensitive stages of the pathogen (such as germination of spores), extremely low concentrations of less than 1 ng/mL can completely protect the plants. Coating the seeds with oxathiapiprolin successfully prevented the seedlings from soil-borne infections. This is of particular importance in sunflower cultivation, because wind-borne infections on plants are much rarer and less harmful than soil-borne infections, which usually become systemic and lead to complete yield loss. The curative effects of oxathiapiprolin were shown on the leaf disks as well as on the infected young plants. However, this seems to be less important in sunflower cultivation than, for instance, in viticulture, because spraying sunflowers in the field after the germination of the seeds is uncommon (except in the ornamental cultivation of cut sunflowers). Keywords: Oomycetes, plant pathogens, sporangial development, zoospore sensitivity, fungicide Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 83-91 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/112/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/112/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:112-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Seidenglanz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agritec Plant Research s.r.o., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Šafář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agritec Plant Research s.r.o., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Nikoleta Rubil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Miriama Ruseňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: Veronika Roskóová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Title: Control of cabbage stem weevil and pollen beetle with one insecticide application Abstract: Over the course of three years (2016-2018), the effects of insecticides on stem-mining weevils [(Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802), Ceutorhynchus napi (Gyllenhal, 1837)] were assessed under field conditions. The dates for spraying were determined on the basis of the recorded percentages of weevil females carrying mature eggs in their ovaries (timing I: the first females with mature eggs present in yellow water traps; timing II: more than 50% of the females with mature eggs present). Delaying the first spring insecticide application till timing II made it possible to combine the control of the stem weevil along with the control of the pollen beetle, Brassicogethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775). However, the poor effectiveness of the tested insecticides on the stem-mining weevils, regardless of the date they were sprayed, indicates it is impossible to successfully control the insect pests with one insecticide application during the seasons with prolonged egg-laying periods. Keywords: Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus napi, Brassicogethes aeneus, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, cypermethrin, etofenprox Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 92-100 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/36/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:36-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrián Purkart Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Łukasz Depa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Author-Name: Milada Holecová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jozef Kollár Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Martin Suvák Author-Workplace-Name: Botanical Garden of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zlatica Országhová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Katarína Goffová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Citizen science reveals the current distribution of the new plant pest Aphis nerii in Slovakia Abstract: This paper presents the first record of the oleander aphid (Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Slovakia, and also one of the most northern record of this natural pest on the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca Linnaeus.; Apocynaceae) in Central Europe. Modern social media crowdsourcing has achieved comprehensive distribution data in the horticultural community, and a total of 35 new distribution sites were discovered in 28 Slovak settlements, one new site in Austria, and one in the Czech Republic. It was further established that the oleander aphid could survive in anthropogenic refuges during the winter months. Keywords: oleander aphid, common milkweed, social crowdsourcing Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 101-106 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/46/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:46-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan A. Gad Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: Mohamed S. Al-Anany Author-Workplace-Name: Environment and Bio-agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: Wael M. Sameer Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: Fathia S. Al-Anany Author-Workplace-Name: Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt Title: Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus with Trichoderma harzianum applied alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth on a stored common bean Abstract: A laboratory assay was designed to determine the insecticidal efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and diatomaceous earth (DE) against Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The fungus T. harzianum was applied at 0.0, 3.3 × 106, 6.6 × 106 and 2.1 × 107 spores/kg of the common bean individually and mixed with 0, 200, 400 and 800 ppm of DE. The mortality counts were made after 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. All of the dead adults were removed after each count, and the vials were kept for the next 60 days to assess the emergence of any progeny. The highest mortality (93.88%) was achieved after 7 days using 800 ppm of DE and 2.1 × 107 spores/kg of T. harzianum and it suppressed emergence of the second generation after 60 days of treatment. These results concluded that DE can be used successfully along with T. harzianum against A. obtectus in stored common beans. Keywords: Chrysomelidae, Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean beetle, fungi, Bruchinae Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 107-115 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/104/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:104-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Skalský Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Ouředníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Niedobová Author-Name: Bronislava Hortová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Hořice, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy of agrochemicals against Phyllobius oblongus Abstract: The contact, residual, and ingestion efficacy of two conventional insecticides was compared with that of another five environmentally friendly agrochemicals in a laboratory for the control of the European snout beetle. Very good efficacy was observed for the conventional product Reldan 22® after all types of exposures. The conventional Mospilan® 20 SP showed good efficacy after ingestion. SpinTor® was very effective 72 h after ingestion and contact, and Siltac® EC showed comparable efficacy with conventional insecticides 72 h after ingestion and residual contact. SpinTor® and Siltac® conform to the principles of organic farming and integrated pest management (IPM) and are able to replace both the tested conventional products in young fruit plantations and nurseries. Pyrethrum PNC - 17, FerrumOil, and Boundary SW did not sufficiently control the beetle. Keywords: weevil, orchards, plant protection products, contact efficacy, residual efficacy, ingestion efficacy Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 116-122 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/75/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:75-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Žabka Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roman Pavela Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina Trávníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Barnet Author-Workplace-Name: Agra Group, Střelské Hoštice, Czech Republic Title: Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate as a safe compound for crop protection with the potential to extend the basic substances group Abstract: Excessive use of commercial synthetic fungicides in agriculture is a globally discussed issue. This topic is seen as particularly important in modern plant protection and cultivation systems, where the total fungicide burden of the agroecosystem should be controlled and reduced. Basic substances (BSs) are a relatively novel, legally recognised group of substances which can be applied. The present study tested calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaNa2-EDTA), a substance whose properties and environmental safety make it another useful alternative for plant protection in modern farming. The study demonstrated the high antifungal activity of the substance against Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler, (MIC50 0.195-0.223 mg/ml), safety for plant tissue and especially for non-target organisms, and positive effects on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus). CaNa2-EDTA surpassed the effect of chitosan hydrochloride, a registered and utilised substance, and a synthetic conventional fungicide. CaNa2-EDTA is an excellent candidate for registering within the BS group, with benefits for environmentally sound systems in plant protection. Keywords: CaNa2-EDTA, low risk active substances, antifungal effect, non-target organism, yield, organic farming Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 123-131 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/89/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/89/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:89-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandur Popov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Katia Trencheva Author-Name: Georgi Trenchev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria Title: Composite thrips, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, a new alien species for Bulgarian fauna Abstract: Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, 1910) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) has been reported as a new alien species for Bulgarian fauna. The composite thrips were recorded during complex research on Thysanoptera diversity in the southwestern part of Bulgaria, with a special emphasis on the locality of the Petrich region. The thrips specimens, especially the adult females were collected on the 18th of May 2004, but the material was slide-mounted and identified in 2019. The species was found on Calendula officinalis Linnaeus only and has since become established outdoors. M. abdominalis could be a potential threat for this region of Bulgaria, especially in glasshouses with an ability to transmit economically important viruses such as Tobacco Streak Virus (TSV). Keywords: Thysanoptera, Bulgaria, alien thrips Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 132-134 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/94/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:94-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Suvák Title: First record of Aceria kuko in Slovakia Abstract: A sample of goji leaves with blisters was brought from a private garden in Vyšná Kamenica to the Botanical Garden of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice to identify the problem. The respective plant (Lycium chinense Miller cv. Big Berry) was bought through the internet and these distortions occurred after some time during cultivation. The mites found on the deformed leaves were examined using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well. The identity of Aceria kuko (Kishida, 1927), the goji berry gall mite, was confirmed. Other available possible host plants in Košice and the surroundings were checked with no positive findings. However, typical foliar galls on goji plants have been indirectly observed (through the television) in Malinovo near Bratislava. Due to the risk from this mite species not only to the goji (Lycium sp.) but also to the pepper (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) and some other Solanaceae plants, the respective authorities of the Slovak phytosanitary service were informed. Keywords: goji berry gall mite, Lycium sp., goji berry, non-native species, phytosanitary risk Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 135-139 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/121/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/121/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202002-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:2:id:121-2019-PPS