Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Reza Mehrnejad Title: Arthropod pests of pistachios, their natural enemies and management Abstract: Commercial pistachio cultivation and production began about a century ago in Iran. The size of this industry has gradually increased and the pistachio nut production in Iran is now the largest worldwide, although it has declined over last few years due to long periods of harsh drought, the mismanagement of water resources and the impact of climate change. Research on pests and diseases was started in the 1940s due to the demands of the growers who were facing economic damage by herbivorous insects. Much research has been undertaken over the last 75 years to improve production procedures and the present article summarises the available information on pistachio pests, their natural enemies and management. Keywords: Pistacia, Iran, pests control, predatory insects, parasitoids Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 231-260 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/63/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/63/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:63-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henryk Pospieszny Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Natasza Borodynko-Filas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute; Plant Disease Clinic and Bank of Pathogens, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Santiago F. Elena Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universitat de València, València, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA Title: Effect of defective interfering RNAs on the vertical transmission of Tomato black ring virus Abstract: Viruses are thought to be the ultimate parasites, using host resources for multiplication. Interestingly, many viruses also have their own 'parasites', such as defective interfering RNAs (DI RNAs). One of the plant viruses whose infection can be accompanied by subviral RNAs is the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). DI RNAs associated with the TBRV genome were generated de novo as a result of prolonged passages in one host. DI RNAs modulate the TBRV accumulation and the severity of the symptoms induced on the infected plants. In this study, we have addressed the question of whether DI RNAs can also affect TBRV vertical transmission through seeds. The experiments were conducted using the TBRV-Pi isolate and Chenopodium quinoa plants. C. quinoa plants were infected with TBRV-Pi with and without DI RNAs. Overall, 4 003 seeds were tested, and the analysis showed that the presence of DI RNAs made the TBRV-Pi seed transmission 44.76% more efficient. Moreover, for the first time, we showed that DI RNAs are being transferred from generation to generation. Keywords: TBRV, Chenopodium quinoa, DI RNAs, DAS-ELISA, seed transmission Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 261-267 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/54/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:54-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Arredondo-Valdés Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Nanobiociencia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, México Author-Name: Julio C. Chacón-Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México Author-Name: Francisco Reyes-Zepeda Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México Author-Name: Francisco D. Hernández-Castillo Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, México Author-Name: Julia C. Anguiano-Cabello Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, México Author-Name: Rapucel T.Q. Heinz-Castro Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México Author-Name: Sandra G. Mora-Ravelo Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México Title: In vitro antibacterial activity of Magnolia tamaulipana against tomato phytopathogenic bacteria Abstract: The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. Still, there are phytopathogenic bacteria that cause a decrease in the yield or can kill the plant, like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs ) and Agrobacterium tumefeciens (At). Synthetic chemical fungicides are primarily used to control plant pathogenic bacteria, but their rapid growth makes them resistant to control. This research work is aimed at assessing the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez leaves against Rs, Pst, Xv, Cmm, and At, as well as obtaining information about this plant species' chemical composition. The extract inhibited the growth of the five phytopathogenic bacteria that were tested. The growth inhibition rate ranged between 8.22 and 100%. The inhibitory concentration, IC50(90), required to inhibit 50 (90%) of Pst, Xv, Cmm, and At bacterial growth, was 34.71 (39.62), 23.09 (441.88), 64.75 (176.73) and 97.72 (535.48) ppm, respectively. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenes, saponins. M. tamaulipana ethanolic extract has antimicrobial properties and it must be considered a new control agent. Keywords: inhibitory concentration, biological control, phytochemicals, IR-spectroscopy, Solanum lycopersicum Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 268-274 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/13/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:13-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aralbek Rsaliyev Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky, Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Gulbahar Yskakova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky, Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Akerke Maulenbay Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky, Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Kunsulu Zakarya Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky, Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Shynbolat Rsaliyev Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh Research Institute of Farming and Crop Science, Almalybak, Karasaysky Rayon, Almaty Oblast, Kazakhstan Title: Virulence and race structure of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Kazakhstan Abstract: Severe epidemics of wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) have been observed in recent years in major spring wheat producing regions in Kazakhstan. However, information on the virulence structure and race composition of Pgt is currently not available. Stem rust samples were collected in 2015-2018 in three regions of Kazakhstan to determine the virulence diversity and race distribution in the Pgt populations. A total of 203 single-pustule isolates were derived and evaluated on the stem rust differential and supplemental lines and 38 races were identified. Among them, the races QHHSF and THMTF were found in all the regions and in all the years. The races RFRTF, RHMRF, TKRPF and MHCTC were the most common races in the Akmola and Kostanay regions, and the races LHCSF, QKCSF and LKCSF were only widely distributed in East Kazakhstan. The virulence complexity (i.e., number of Sr genes on which the races were virulent) ranged from 5 to 16, with about 40% of the races having 14 or more virulence. The stem rust resistance genes Sr11, Sr13, Sr22, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33 and Sr35 were found to confer resistance to all the races identified during the study period. Hence, these genes can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding programmes in Kazakhstan. Keywords: Triticum spp., wheat stem rust, population, isolate, resistance gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 275-284 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/85/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:85-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Eickermann Author-Name: Franz Kai Ronellenfitsch Author-Workplace-Name: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg Author-Name: Juergen Junk Author-Workplace-Name: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg Title: Developing a decision support tool to forecast the abundance of the cabbage stem weevil in winter oilseed rape Abstract: Reducing the use of pesticides in agricultural systems is a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture and, therefore, knowledge on the factors that influence the regional insect pest densities is necessary. Based on multi-site and multi-annual observations of the cabbage stem weevil [Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802)] in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus Linnaeus) and the corresponding meteorological measurements, a statistical relationship for forecasting the abundance was derived. The model explains 84% of the variation of the data set. The remaining 16% might be explained by the landscape effects and agricultural practices, such as crop protection. Based on the statistical relationship between the mean winter air temperature and the abundance of the cabbage stem weevil in the winter oilseed rape, risk maps were derived as a forecast tool for practical farming. Keywords: Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, forecast system, Brassica napus, risk maps, yellow water trap Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 285-291 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/93/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:93-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Zvaríková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: Rudolf Masarovič Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: Pavol Prokop; Peter Fedor Title: An updated checklist of thrips from Slovakia with emphasis on economic species Abstract: Almost sixty years after the first published plea for more systematic research on thrips in Slovakia, the checklist undisputedly requires an appropriate revision with a special emphasis on the economic consequences of climate change and biological commodity trade globalisation synergic effects, followed by the dynamic and significant changes in the native biodiversity due to alien species introduction. The updated checklist contains 189 species ecorded from the area of Slovakia, from three families: Aeolothripidae Uzel, 1895 (15 species), Thripidae Stephens, 1829 (113 species) and Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895 (61 species), including 7 beneficiary and 35 economic pest elements, such as one A2 EPPO quarantine pest (Frankliniella occidentalis) and five potential transmitters of tospoviruses (F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, F. fusca, Thrips tabaci, Dictyothrips betae). Several species (e.g., Hercinothrips femoralis, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, F. occidentalis, T. flavus, T. tabaci, Limothrips cerealium, L. denticornis, etc.) may possess a heavy introduction and invasion potential with well-developed mechanisms for successful dispersion. Keywords: alien species, biodiversity, globalisation, invasions, crop pests, tospoviruses Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 292-304 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/87/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:87-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Doležalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants of the Crop Research Institute in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Irena Petrželová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants of the Crop Research Institute in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Duchoslav Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides dimethachlor and pethoxamid in rocket crop Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, selectivity and health harmlessness of four application rates of two pre-emergent herbicides (pethoxamid and dimethachlor) in the rocket [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cavanilles)]. Pethoxamid was found to be less efficient on the total weed density (efficacy 86.0-93.3%) in comparison with the effect of dimethachlor (94.9-95.8%). Dimethachlor expressed an excellent efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois, Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus, Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Lamium purpureum Linnaeus, and Veronica persica Poiret from the lowest tested application rate (800 g/ha). Pethoxamid showed an excellent efficacy on E. crus-galli, Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule Linnaeus, V. persica, and P. oleracea. In higher application rates, pethoxamid controlled Chenopodium polyspermum Linnaeus and Chenopodium album Linnaeus. In contrast to mostly negative effects of dimethachlor, pethoxamid showed either no effects or positive ones on the rocket yield. Residues of both herbicides in the harvested product were always below a 'default limit', which is the baseline maximum residue level for food. The selectivity of pethoxamid at an application rate of 960 g/ha was good, herbicide residues in the rocket were not detected and the yield of the rocket increased. Keywords: Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav., maximum residue levels (MRLs), phytotoxicity, weed control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 305-316 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/93/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:93-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zouhaier Abbes Author-Workplace-Name: Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), El Menzah, Tunisie Author-Name: Amal Bouallegue Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Laboratoire des Légumineuses, Hammam Lif, Tunisie Author-Name: Imen Trabelsi Author-Workplace-Name: Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques Agronomiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), El Menzah, Tunisie Author-Name: Najla Trabelsi Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Olivier, Hammam Lif, Tunisie Author-Name: Amani Taamalli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Moez Amri Author-Workplace-Name: AgroBioSciences Research program, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic Benguerir, Marrakech, Morocco Author-Name: Haythem Mhadhbi Author-Workplace-Name: Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Laboratoire des Légumineuses, Hammam Lif, Tunisie Author-Name: Mohamed Kharrat Author-Workplace-Name: Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), El Menzah, Tunisie Title: Investigation of some biochemical mechanisms involved in the resistance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties to Orobanche spp. Abstract: Broomrapes are weedy root parasitic plants that cause important damage to the faba bean production. Genetic resistance is considered as the most desirable control method. In this study, we investigated some of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to Orobanche crenata and O. foetida for two Tunisian resistant varieties Najeh and Chourouk in comparison with the susceptible variety Badi. The results showed that, for Najeh and Chourouk, the Orobanche infestation did not significantly influence the plant growth as indicated by inconsiderable changes in the shoot and root dry weights, pod setting and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In comparison to Badi, both resistant varieties showed a reduced Orobanche attachments/tubercles number and dry weights, low H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation with increased levels of peroxidase activity in the roots. An Orobanche infestation was found to induce a significant decrease in the total lipid content and lipid unsaturation in the Badi leaves only. For resistant varieties, no significant changes were observed in these two parameters, which may indicate conservation and stability in the membrane fluidity. The resistance of Najeh and Chourouk was mainly associated with a relatively more efficient enzymatic antioxidative response and reduced lipid peroxidation that helped the plants to avoid the damaging effect of an Orobanche attack. Therefore, these two varieties could be used as a component of an integrated control strategy to improve the plant growth and productivity under an Orobanche infestation Keywords: antioxidant, fatty acids, broomrapes, genetic resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 317-328 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/103/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/103/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202004-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:103-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Ryšánek Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Title: Obituary Professor Vladimír Táborský Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 329 Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/119/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/119/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:56:y:2020:i:4:id:119-2020-PPS