Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jialin Qian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Ting Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P. R. China Author-Name: Shan Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Liangliang Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Kuntai Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P. R. China Author-Name: Xueqin Fu Author-Workplace-Name: #College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P. R. China Author-Name: Shuijing Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, P. R. China Title: Biocontrol of citrus canker with endophyte Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QC-Y Abstract: Citrus canker is an important disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri that affects citrus species. We isolated a bacterium denominated QC-Y with a strong inhibitory effect on citrus canker from navel orange leaves. The isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The inhibitory activity of the pathogen was significantly affected by environmental factors such as the medium, inoculation amount, media volume, and pH. The biocontrol strain QC-Y effectively colonised on navel orange leaves, and the colonisation gradually decreased with time. Twelve days after inoculation, the isolate maintained a certain population level in the leaves. Mancozeb demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of QC-Y; Chlorpyrifos at high concentrations inhibited QC-Y. Thiophanate-methyl, Bordeaux mixture, Kasugamycin, Imidacloprid, amino acid, Difenoconazole, Etoxazole, Alphacypermethrin, Buprofezin, Spirodiclofen, Avermectin, and Pyraclostrobin had no effect on the growth of QC-Y. In the detached leaf assay, compared with the leaves inoculated with the pathogens only, the disease incidence of the leaves treated with QC-Y was reduced by 77.5% and the lesions were smaller. Our findings reveal that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QC-Y can be used as a potential biocontrol agent against the citrus canker disease. Keywords: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, endophytic bacteria, navel orange, colonisation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-13 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/62/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:62-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kaire Loit Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Riinu Kiiker Author-Name: Britt Puidet Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Liina Soonvald Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Marian Põldmets Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Author-Name: Marika Mänd Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Title: Assessing BactoMix 5 efficacy for clubroot control in naturally infested soil Abstract: The cultivation of cruciferous crops is threatened by extensive yield losses caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, 1877. The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the bacterial product BactoMix 5 for the control of clubroot on a naturally infested soil in growth chamber trials using a P. brassicae-specific qPCR methodology. The results did not show a significant decrease in the P. brassicae in the soil nor a reduction of the disease symptoms on the plants. The native soil microbiota may have exhibited an antagonistic activity against the bacterial species from BactoMix 5 and evoked the poor effect of the product. Therefore, potential biological control agents should be tested with native soil microbiota and the regional production should be advanced to increase the product efficacy in the environment Keywords: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Brassica, biocontrol, biostimulant Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 14-20 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/1/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:1-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoshinao Aoki Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan Author-Name: Arisa Usujima Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan Author-Name: Shunji Suzuki Title: High night temperature promotes downy mildew in grapevine via attenuating plant defence response and enhancing early Plasmopara viticola infection Abstract: The night temperature is one of the critical environmental factors affecting the grape berry quality. The objective of this study was to clarify whether a high night temperature promotes downy mildew on grapevines. The high night temperature conditions suppressed the gene expression of the pathogenesis-related proteins in the grapevine cultured cells and grapevine seedlings compared with the control night temperature conditions. The Plasmopara viticola colony formation on the leaves of the seedlings exposed to the control night temperature conditions became slightly noticeable on day 5 after inoculation, whereas a large number of colonies were clearly observed on the leaves of the seedlings exposed to the high night temperature conditions. On day 10 after inoculation, the leaf defoliation and withering were marked in the P. viticola infected seedlings exposed to the high night temperature conditions. The high night temperature conditions promoted the P. viticola zoospore germination. These results suggest that the high night temperature promoted the grape downy mildew by attenuating the constitutive plant defence re­sponse as well as enhancing the P. viticola early infection. Viticulturists should be vigilant regarding pest management strategies against the P. viticola primary infection of grapevines when high night temperatures continue for a long time. Keywords: grape downy mildew, PR protein, zoospore germination Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 21-30 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/92/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:92-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katalin Körösi Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Workplace-Name: PlasmoProtect, Szarvas, Hungary Author-Name: Attila Kovács Author-Workplace-Name: Syngenta, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Nisha Nisha Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: István Bóta Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Mihály Perczel Author-Workplace-Name: PlasmoProtect, Szarvas, Hungary Author-Name: Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid Yousif Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: József Kiss Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Rita Bán Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Institute of Plant Protection, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Workplace-Name: PlasmoProtect, Szarvas, Hungary Title: New data on pathotype distribution and mefenoxam tolerance of Plasmopara halstedii in Hungary Abstract: Sunflower downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) is one of the major diseases that can be controlled by using resistant cultivars and seed dressings; however, several isolates have developed tolerance to some fungicides and the resistance has also been overcome by new pathotypes. We aimed to examine the pathotype distribution in Hungary and to test the pathotypes' mefenoxam sensitivity. The isolates, which provided the basis of the research were collected from different regions of Hungary between 2014 and 2017 and, later, their pathotypes were identified. According to our results, pathotype 704 was one of the most widespread in Hungary, but pathotype 730, pathotype 724 and pathotype 700 were also detected. Seven out of ten isolates caused relatively high disease rates on the mefenoxam-treated and inoculated sunflower plants with P. halstedii. The pathogen has a high genetic variability which enhances the possibility to develop fungicide resistance. Furthermore, this variability can easily contribute to the breakdown of the resistant genes of the resistant hybrids. Both features can reduce the effectiveness of management; therefore, the continuous monitoring of this oomycete is very important. Keywords: fungicide tolerance, Helianthus annuus, metalaxyl-M, sunflower downy mildew, virulence phenotype Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 31-37 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/73/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:73-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonios Zambounis Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, ELGO-DEMETER, Naoussa, Greece Author-Name: Eleni Stefanidou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: Panagiotis Madesis Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece Author-Name: Jovana Hrustić Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Milica Mihajlović Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Brankica Tanović Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Genotypic differentiation of Monilinia spp. populations in Serbia using a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis Abstract: Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia fructigena are the three main causal agents of brown rot, which is one of the most important diseases of stone fruits in pre- and postharvest conditions. Nowadays, the need for the precise genotyping of these Monilinia species in terms of the genetic diversity of their populations or differences in their pathogenicity and host range is a prerequisite for any efficient disease management. In our study, the genetic structure of Monilinia populations in Serbia from three geographically distinct regions was investigated employing a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis which is a sensitive and rapid molecular approach in fungal ge­notyping and diagnostics. Using species-specific primer pairs genotype-specific HRM melting curve profiles were generated allowing to efficiently decipher the genetic diversity of the Monilinia populations. The Monilinia genotypes could be easily distinguished according to their melting curves. The isolates from the northern region were assigned to distinct genotypes and grouped rather independently compared to the isolates of the other two regions among all three tested Monilinia spp. M. fructicola and M. fructigena showed a higher genetic diversity among their populations (44%) compared with the genetic diversity among the M. laxa populations (7%). In contrast, the genetic variance within the pathogen populations was higher in the case of M. laxa (93%). Our data revealed an absence of host specificity in the Monilinia spp. populations. Keywords: brown rot, population genotyping Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 38-46 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/35/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:35-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karmen Stopar Author-Name: Stanislav Trdan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Tomaž Bartol Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Thrips and natural enemies through text data mining and visualization Abstract: Thrips can cause considerable economic damage. In order to reduce the use of agrochemicals research has also focused on different natural enemies. We used bibliometric mapping and visualization to understand the structure of this field. Articles from Web of Science as well as software Vosviewer were used. Analysis of co-occurrence of terms shows the principal research areas: transmission of viruses, chemical or biological control and new species. A third of articles refer to biological control. Visualizations reveal three major groups of beneficials: entomopathogens, parasitoids, and predators. Recently, attention has shifted mainly to predatory mites as biocontrol agents. Our analysis aims to make such information visually more explanatory with better overview of research directions. Keywords: pests, Thysanoptera, biocontrol agents, beneficial organisms, mapping, bibliometrics Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 47-58 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/34/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:34-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mostafa Mollaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Author-Name: Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi Author-Name: Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Author-Name: Mehdi Hassanpour Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Author-Name: Ali Golizadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Title: Effects of strip intercropping of canola with faba bean, field pea, garlic, or wheat on control of cabbage aphid and crop yield Abstract: The impacts of intercropping of canola (Ca) with faba beans (Fb), field peas (Fp), garlic (G), or wheat (Wh) were evaluated on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758), natural enemies and canola yields in row ratios of 3Ca : 3Fb, 3Ca : Fp, 3Ca : 3G, and 3Ca : 3Wh in 2018 and 2019. In both years, the lowest aphid population was recorded in 3Ca : 3G. In 2018, the aphid population was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in 3Ca : 3Fp than in the monoculture, while, in 2019, it was lower in the intercrops compared to the monoculture. Furthermore, none of the intercrops, except 3Ca : 3Fb, showed a significant increase in the predator diversity and parasitism rate. The dry seed weight loss was higher in the monoculture and 3Ca : 3Wh than in the other intercrops. Based upon the obtained results, decreasing the density of the cabbage aphid and increasing the canola yield by intercropping canola with the faba bean, the field pea or garlic is possible with this system. The inferences of these outcomes, which are associated with the integrated pest management (IPM) in canola cropping systems, are discussed. Keywords: Brassica napus, Brevicoryne brassicae, intercropping, parasitism, predators, species diversity Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 59-65 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/132/2019-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2019-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:132-2019-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Larsson Author-Name: Audrius Menkis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: Åke Olson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Mycology & Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Title: Diplodia sapinea in Swedish forest nurseries Abstract: Diplodia sapinea is a common forest pathogen on Pinus spp. in a large part of the world. In 2013, disease caused by this pathogen on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees in Sweden was reported for the first time. In this study, we report the first detection of D. sapinea on diseased seedlings of P. sylvestris from two Swedish forest nurseries. Infected seedlings were collected July-November 2019. Diplodia sapinea was identified by morphological characteristics of fungal structures on plant tissues and from culture grown on Hagem agar media, followed by sequencing of fungal ITS rDNA. The result emphasizes the susceptibility of P. sylvestris seedlings. More research is needed to better understand the risk for disease spreading within forest nurseries and into the forest through infected plant material. Keywords: fungal disease, ITS rDNA, pathogen, Pinus sylvestris, pine seedlings Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 66-69 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/68/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:68-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Csaba Borbély Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Zsuzsanna György Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Horticultural Plant Biology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Stine Kramer Jacobsen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Author-Name: Fadil Musa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo Author-Name: Jana Ouředníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lene Sigsgaard Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Author-Name: Michal Skalský Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Viktor Markó Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: First records of the invasive aphid species, Aphis spiraecola, in Kosovo, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and Denmark Abstract: In the last few decades, the spiraea aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch) has become a widely distributed pest of apple and citrus orchards across Europe. In our study, A. spiraecola was observed for the first time in Kosovo, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and Denmark, in apple orchards in the growing seasons of 2016, 2018 and 2019. The presence of A. spiraecola was also recorded on other host plants such as the quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) and Vanhoutte spiraea (Spiraea × vanhouttei) in Slovakia, and the quince, common pear (Pyrus communis Linnaeus) and firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea M.J. Roemer) in the United Kingdom. Based on the morphological characteristics and the sequencing of the DNA mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI fragment) barcode, our study confirms the presence of this pest in five additional regions in Europe. Keywords: apple, pest, identification, distribution, Europe Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 70-74 Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/108/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/108/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202101-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:57:y:2021:i:1:id:108-2020-PPS