Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nataliia Korniienko Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: ESC "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Alla Kharina Author-Workplace-Name: ESC "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Iryna Budzanivska Author-Workplace-Name: ESC "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Author-Name: Lenka Burketová Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tetiana Kalachova Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria: High potential, but challenging application Abstract: Phytopathogenic bacteria are one of the most significant causes of crop yield losses. Until now, the direct treatment of bacterioses was limited to the application of antibacterial compounds or resistance inducers. This is about to change due to the revolutionary discovery of phages. Indeed, bacteriophages look very promising as therapy agents: cheap, self-amplifying, self-eliminating, and safe for the host organism. However, phage therapy of plant diseases remains a "direction with high potential", which, so far, has very few successful implication cases. Here, we discuss recent advances in phage research, focusing on the challenges associated with the evaluation of phage biological activity, under both laboratory and environmental conditions. Keywords: bacteriophages, field application, plant protection, phage application Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 81-91 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/147/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/147/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:147-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matěj Pánek Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Asad Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Štěpán Helmer Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of metalaxyl against some soil plant pathogens of the class Peronosporomycetes - A review and two case studies Abstract: Upon its discovery and implementation in plant protection, metalaxyl became one of the most important fungicides against Phytophthora infestans, but its efficiency has also been proven against other soil pathogens of the class Peronosporomycetes. The most important genus - Phytophthora comprises more than 150 plant pathogens, which cause significant losses in crop production or damage to natural plant associations. Many species of related genera Pythium, Phytopythium and Globisporangium have a similar ability as the species of Phytophthora. Those pathogens are able to quickly spread in wet soils by actively movable zoospores or in the air by means of zoosporangia; they are able to persist in an environment for long periods once they are introduced into the locality, having durability from their resting structures (chlamydospores, hyphal swelling and oospores). Metalaxyl has proven to be very efficient against these pathogens. However, shortly after its release, the rapid development of resistance against this compound was recorded in many species of the class Peronosporomycetes. Such easily developed resistance is due to the monogenic nature of the resistance, which also determines any anti-resistant strategies. The solution of this issue rests in the cautious use of metalaxyl, with consideration given to these strategies, and should be based also on precise information about the environment and the present pathogenic agents. Keywords: phenylamide fungicide, resistance, Phytophthora, strawberry Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 92-109 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/42/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:42-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chippy Ayyappan Korattukudy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, India Author-Name: Andrew Peter Leon Michael Antony Samy Tamilarasi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, India Author-Name: Kannan Rengasamy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, India Author-Name: Shoba Devadhasan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, India Author-Name: Saravanan Shunmugavel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, India Author-Name: Jeshima Khan Yasin Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India Author-Name: Arumugam Pillai Madhavan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, India Title: Genetic diversity analysis in blackgram (Vigna mungo) genotypes using microsatellite markers for resistance to Yellow mosaic virus Abstract: One hundred and two blackgram genotypes were evaluated for Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) resistance based on disease scoring, molecular characterisation, yield and morphological observation. An analysis of variance and a correlation analysis were performed on nine biometric traits. The genotypes showed the highest genetic variation for a single plant yield (genotypic coefficient variation 42.72%). The genotypes were grouped into 18 clusters based on the morphological data. The genetic divergence among the blackgram genotypes was differentiated by 60 alleles using 14 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. The polymorphism information content value varied from 0.37 to 0.79. The multivariate analyses of the simple sequence repeat marker scorings divided the germplasm into five divergent clusters wherein, clusters viz., II, III and V accommodated 61 genotypes and all these genotypes were resistant to moderately resistant for YMV. The tolerant accessions identified from this present investigation can be directly used for further crop improvement programmes. Keywords: black gram germplasm, YMV resistance, polymorphic information content Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 110-124 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/8/2020-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2020-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:8-2020-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jia Yu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Bo Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Sisi Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Wei Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yifan Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongyan Sun Title: Genome-wide characterisation, evolution and expression analysis of the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) gene family in cucumbers Abstract: The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) compose a large gene family in plant genomes and implement essential functions in diverse plant physiology progress, including defence against pathogens. However, a systematic analysis of LRR-RLKs has not been accomplished in the economically important cucumber. 189 LRR-RLK genes were identified in the cucumber genome and further divided into 22 subgroups based on the sequence similarities in this study. A total of 31 segmental duplication events and 15 tandem duplication events were present in the genome, indicating that the two duplications were the main driving forces for the expansion of the LRR-RLK family in the cucumber. The expression profile analysis revealed that most of the CsLRR-RLKs were upregulated during a downy mildew infection, and resistant cucumbers comprised more upregulated CsLRR-RLKs than the sensitive lines. Taken together, our results provided information on the LRR-RLK gene family in the cucumber and contributed valuable information for the further research of CsLRR-RLKs. Keywords: Cucumis sativus, evolutionary analysis, gene expression, genome sequence, Pseudoperonospora cubensis Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 125-138 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/131/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/131/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:131-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athakorn Promwee Author-Name: Warin Intana Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand Title: Trichoderma asperellum (NST-009): A potential native antagonistic fungus to control Cercospora leaf spot and promote the growth of 'Green Oak' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in the commercial NFT hydroponic system Abstract: Leaf spot caused by Cercospora lactucae-sativae is one of the most damaging diseases of 'Green Oak' lettuce in Thailand. This study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of Trichoderma asperellum NST-009, a native strain in Thailand, to manage the leaf spot disease and enhance the growth of 'Green Oak' lettuce in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system. In vitro tests showed that T. asperellum NST-009 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of C. lactucae-sativae by 72.50%, and its antifungal metabolite from the culture filtrate of T. asperellum NST-009 inhibited the mycelial growth of C. lactucae-sativae by 93.26%. In the hydroponics experiment, T. asperellum NST-009 reduced the disease severity index by 67.51% compared to the inoculated control and significantly stimulated the growth of the 'Green Oak' lettuce in terms of the plant height (8.62%), canopy width (16.67%), leaf number (18.39%), shoot fresh weight (25.71%), root fresh weight (39.26%), and total P in the leaves (31.45%) compared to the control. In addition, T. asperellum NST-009 was found to survive in both the lettuce leaves and roots at 100.00%. Keywords: biological control, beneficial microoganism, plant growth promoting fungi, PGPF, soilless culture Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 139-149 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/69/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:69-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanna Piekarska-Boniecka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Marta Rzańska-Wieczorek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznan, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Idzi Siatkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Tadeusz Barczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Animal Environment, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: Parasitisation of Yponomeuta malinellus feeding on Crataegus monogyna in the allotment gardens in the city of Poznań, Poland Abstract: The apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller) is an economically important pest of apple trees and apple orchards. It is also a pest of ornamental trees and shrubs in urban habitats. The aim of our study was to determine the degree of parasitisation of the apple ermine moth pupae collected from the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacquin) in the allotment gardens in Poznań, Poland, by parasitoids from the Ichneumonidae family, to determine parasitoid species and the dates when they start flying. Judged from the parasitisation of pupae, the parasitoids reduced the apple ermine moth population by 9.1% over the period 2014-2016. The apple ermine moth pupae were parasitised by the following six parasitoid species: Gelis areator (Panzer), Herpestomus brunnicornis (Gravenhorst), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst), I. maculator (Fabricius), I. tunetana (Schmiedeknecht), and Pimpla turionushtana (Linnaeus). The most effective entomophages H. brunnicornis and I. tunetana reduced the apple ermine moth population by 3.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that the apple ermine population in urban allotment gardens exposed to heavy anthropogenic pressure can be reduced by parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family. The degree of parasitisation of the moth in this particular urban habitat may be comparable to the degree of its parasitisation in orchards. Keywords: Ichneumonidae, parasitoids, pupae, greenery areas Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 150-157 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/101/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:101-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ngoc Le Thu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Thanh Le Thi Minh Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Ngoc Pham Bich Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Ha Trinh Thi Thu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Quyen Dong Van Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Binh Ngo Dinh Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Ha Chu Hoang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Ha Hoang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-Name: Dong Nguyen Van Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam Title: Detection of a novel Cry2Ab toxin against Etiella zinckenella Treitschke from the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar canadensis SP142 strain Abstract: The soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop. The pod borer (Etiella zinckenella) is one of the most serious insects that attacks various Leguminosae. Common insecticidal controls are ineffective because of the insect's growth properties. Use of resistant crop varieties offers stabilisation of the yield and has benefits over the use of insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used as a bioinsecticide for pest control and a genetic material for pest-resistant transgenic plants. However, the resistance evolution of target insects is emerging as a major threat to the long-term efficacy of these applications. Studies on the detection of novel highly host-specific pesticidal proteins have been in urgent demand. A search for the source of Bt Cry toxins against E. zinckenella in the Vietnamese B. thuringiensis strain collection has been performed. The B. thuringiensis serovar canadensis SP142 is one of strains that resulted in more than 80% mortality to this pod borer. Its genome was estimated about 7.1 Mb and revealed a putative novel cry2Ab gene. The sequence analysis of cry2Ab gene revealed an open reading frame of 1 899 bp encoding a 633-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 70 kDa and 99.05% to 99.21% homology to known cry2Ab genes in the GenBank. There are eighteen different nucleotide sites which lead to five amino acid changes in Domain I and II. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and the purified Cry2Ab was toxic to E. zinckenella larvae with an LC50 value of 1.74 µg/g diet. The novel Cry2Ab was designated as Cry2Ab39 by the Bacterial Pesticidal Protein Resource Center and its sequence was deposited in the GenBank (MN319700.1). This is a type of novel Cry2 toxin from B. thuringiensis against E. zinckenella, and it is important for breeding E. zinckenella-resistant soybeans. Keywords: insecticidal control, Cry2Ab39 toxin, pesticidal protein Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 158-169 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/59/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202202-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:59-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Palicová Author-Name: Iva Křížková Author-Name: Aleš Lebeda Title: Obituary of Professor Ing. Karel Veverka, DrSc. (1943-2021) Abstract: Prof. Ing. Karel Veverka, DrSc. was an important figure in Czech agricultural phytopathology at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. His long, diverse experiences in the field of plant protection, combined with his excellent public speaking skills, led him to be recognized as one of the erudite experts of his time. His skillful presentations were widely appreciated at scientific conferences and seminars and at university lectures for students. All his scientific life, he kept contacts in the broader world of agricultural production, to which he was very close due to his personal experience. His expertise in chemical plant-protection products was unsurpassed. Beyond his own research and teaching activities, he always found time for the popularization of science. He published his achievements in both scientific journals and the popular-scientific press, being the author of numerous publications on plant protection, pesticides, the spread of fungal pathogens, diagnostics, and monitoring and epidemiology of phytopathogenic fungi. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 170-171 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/20/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:58:y:2022:i:2:id:20-2022-PPS