Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosario Nicoletti Author-Workplace-Name: Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy Author-Name: Beata Zimowska Title: Endophytic fungi of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) Abstract: Results of a vast research activity carried out worldwide in the last decades have demonstrated that endophytic fungi hold a fundamental role in improving plant fitness based on their aptitudes as growth promoters and/or defensive mutualists. These properties may have applicative perspectives in crop production, particularly for tree species such as hazelnut (Corylus avellana), which is mostly cropped extensively in semi-natural contexts of highland regions throughout the temperate zones. The available data on the occurrence, ecological roles, and applications in biotechnology of endophytic fungi associated with hazelnuts are revised in this paper in view to provide a reference supporting future investigations and projects aimed at exploiting the potential of this component of the plant microbiome. Keywords: endophytes, crop management, biodiversity, plant mycobiome, defensive mutualism, Betulaceae Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 107-123 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/133/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:133-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zimen Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Asad Farooq Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Disease Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Amama Fatima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Author-Name: Syeda Gul Nisa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Sania Tabassum Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Author-Name: Bushra Ismat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Author-Name: Sundus Waseem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Author-Name: Umer Iqbal Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Disease Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Asma Akbar Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Disease Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Urooj Haroon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Hassan Javed Chaudhary Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Tauseef Tabassum Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Disease Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Ahmed Z Dewidar Author-Workplace-Name: Prince Sultan Institute of Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Abdullah Alaklabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Title: Molecular diagnosis of red rot of sugarcane in Pakistan and in vitro control of isolated pathogen using rhizobacteria Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a key cash crop, and its production is influenced by a variety of phytopathogens in different parts of the world. During consecutive field surveys, sugarcane stalks with red rot symptoms were observed in three provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Cane samples with visible symptoms were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Morphological and microscopic observations identified this pathogen as Colletotrichum falcatum. Comparative molecular study of amplified sequences of β-tubulin (Bt) and Actin (ACT) genes showed 100% similarity and ITS sequence showed 99% similarity with C. falcatum. For in vitro control of red rot, eight bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of sugarcane were isolated. These strains showed variable growth inhibition of C. falcatum in dual culture method. Among all tested strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. altitudinis exhibited best antifungal activities. Based on these results, tested bacterial strains (B. amyloliquefaciens and B. altitudinis) can be recommended as effective biocontrol agents to manage red rot disease of sugarcane. Keywords: sugarcane, Colletotrichum falcatum, ITS, rDNA, Bacillus Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 124-133 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/45/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:45-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Congying Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yadi Miao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huihan Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shiying Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yaoyao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Title: Comparison of gene expression changes in two wheat varieties with different phenotype to strip rust using RNA-Seq analysis Abstract: The fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an important threat to wheat production because it can cause wheat stripe rust. The present study aimed to identify new stripe rust resistance genes and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for breeding wheat varieties with broad spectrum, stable, and durable resistance. Wheat leaves inoculated with wheat stripe rust fungus Chinese yellow rust 34 were collected at different time points for transcriptomic analysis based on the wheat stripe rust susceptible varieties AVOCET S (AVS) and AVSYr15NIL [near-isogenic line (NIL) derived from AVS]. The results showed that the number of upregulated genes in the two varieties was 294, 364, 398, and 604, and the number of downregulated genes was 520, 178, 570, and 345 on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post inoculation, respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes enrichment analyses found enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathways, plant-pathogen interaction, and styrene acrylic acid biosynthesis that encoded protein kinases, signal transduction, transcription factors, and functional protein components. Differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis, and the change trend was the same as in the transcriptome data. The results of this study suggest that genes in AVSYr15NIL related to the stripe rust response could be valuable for understanding the mechanisms involved in stripe rust resistance. Keywords: wheat stripe rust, RNA-seq, differentially expressed genes, DEGs, resistance Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 134-144 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/125/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:125-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liang Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, China Author-Name: Denggao Yue Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, China Author-Name: Youhai Wei Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Name: Haixia Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, China Author-Name: Hua Weng Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, China Author-Name: Liangzhi Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Name: Qingyun Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, China Title: Antimicrobial activity and optimization of Aureobasidin A production by Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Abstract: This work aims to separate antimicrobial lipopeptides from fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2, and verify its antimicrobial activity and the optimum condition of lipopeptide production. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the lipopeptides with antimicrobial activity was evaluated with the agar well diffusion test. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for lipopeptides from A. pullulans PA-2. The lipopeptides with antimicrobial activity in the fermentation supernatant of the PA-2 strain was found to be the Aureobasidin A (AbA). In vitro antagonistic tests showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AbA against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The optimal fermentation conditions were: inoculum size 6.8 % (v/v)(OD600=0.25), rotation speed 216 rpm, culture temperature 26 ℃, liquid volume 125 mL and initial pH7. Under this condition, predicting yield of the antimicrobial lipopeptides by the model was 940 mg/L, observed yield 920 mg/L, which was 51 % more than that of before optimization (610 mg/L). Keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans PA-2, antimicrobial activity, lipopeptides, fermentation optimization, Aureobasidin A Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 145-158 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/173/2021-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/173/2021-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:173-2021-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tida Dethoup Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: Rotchana Klaram Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: Arom Jantasorn Author-Workplace-Name: Bodhivijjalaya College, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon-Nayok, Thailand Title: Effects of fungicides and antagonistic marine-derived fungi on rice seedling promotion and rice sheath blight control Abstract: Fourteen fungicides and three marine-derived fungi were tested for their activities in the promotion of rice seedling development and their efficacy in controlling rice sheath blight disease in two rice varieties, RD43 and KMDL105, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the rice seeds treated with carbendazim 50%SC and azoxystrobin 25%SC displayed the best promotion of rice growth in root length and shoot height at seven and 14 days in rice var. RD43. Rice seeds from var. KMDL105 treated with thiophanate-methyl 70%WP exhibited significant stimulation of rice seedling growth resulting in the greatest increase in root length and shoot height at seven and 14 days. In pot experiments with rice var. RD43, spraying with triforine 19%EC, propiconazole 25%EC, trifloxystrobin 50%WG, and validamycin 3%SL showed a high level of fungicidal activity in controlling sheath blight disease, with this evidenced by significant suppression of the disease severity by 71-75% and 61-73% at seven and 14 days after inoculation, respectively. The treatment of rice var. KMDL105 with validamycin 3%SL exhibited the best activity in controlling sheath blight disease by reducing disease severity by up to 62% and 64% at seven and 14 days, respectively. The antagonistic marine fungi tested in this study displayed low activity against sheath blight disease and low effects on rice seedling promotion compared to fungicides. Specifically, Trichoderma harzianum KUFA 0689 and T. asperellum KUFA 0677 reduced sheath blight disease severity by 42-46% and 27-37% at seven and 14 days, respectively. Keywords: biocontrol agents, fungicide, rice growth, sheath blight disease Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 159-173 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/95/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:95-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daria Dworzańska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Joanna Zamojska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Węgorek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Paweł K. Bereś Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Sławomir Drzewiecki Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland Title: Pyrethroid susceptibility and oxidative detoxification mechanism in Colorado potato beetle and western corn rootworm Abstract: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and the western corn rootworm (WCR) are among the world's most expansive insect pests. The aim of the study was to assess, for the first time in Poland, the levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin and tau-fluvalinate in the WCR and to determine the current status of susceptibility to those active substances in the CPB. In addition, the role of oxidative metabolism in the detoxification of pyrethroids was determined using piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The study found pyrethroid resistance in the CPB populations. The WCR populations exhibited "high susceptibility", "susceptibility", "low resistance" and "medium resistance" to the pyrethroids tested. Experiments using PBO showed that oxidative enzymes are involved in the deltamethrin detoxification mechanism in the CPB, although the effectiveness of this mechanism in Poland is decreasing. PBO was found to be highly toxic to the WCR populations. The findings from this study should be taken into account when developing a strategy to prevent the development of resistance in the pest species. The results for the toxicity of PBO to Polish WCR populations demonstrated that the enzymes inhibited by PBO are involved in important metabolic processes, which should be considered when developing innovative control methods for this pest. Keywords: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, deltamethrin, tau-fluvalinate, susceptibility levels, oxidative mechanism, piperonyl butoxide Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 174-184 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/53/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:53-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olivera Petrović-Obradović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: Živko Ćurčić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Željko Milovac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: Andja Radonjić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Flight activity of aphids in Serbia: investigation by water traps placed in sugar beet fields Abstract: Plant viruses, and aphids as their vectors, are limiting factors in sugar beet production. Viral plant diseases are currently impossible to treat but knowing the flight patterns of aphids can help in reducing the number of potential virus vectors. Monitoring of aphid flight activities in sugar beet fields was done using yellow water traps from April to the end of November. During the two years of investigation, a total of 5514 specimens from 75 different taxa were collected. The highest number of individuals was recorded at the end of May/beginning of June at all localities. This is the period when sugar beet develops intensively, so the risk of virus infection is the highest. The most numerous species were Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis spiraecola Patch., Phyllaphis fagi (L.), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabr.), Acyrthosiphon pisum (Haris) and Therioaphis trifolii (Monell). The most important vectors are A. fabae, A. spiraecola and M. persicae. Aphis fabae is a species that feeds on sugar beet and causes significant damage both by feeding and by its vector activity. Myzus persicae was the most abundant in autumn, A. spiraecola was present throughout the whole flight-monitoring period. Among the caught aphids, twelve species alien to Europe were collected. Keywords: Aphididae, Beta vulgaris v. altissima, vectors of viruses, invasive species Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 185-192 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/130/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:130-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Dzięgielewska Author-Name: Krystian Kaczmarek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: Katarzyna Kruk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: The influence of temperature on the biological activity of selected nematode species (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under the conditions of their coexistence Abstract: The presented study is concerned with infectivity of select entomopathogenic nematode species under different temperature conditions (15, 20 and 25 °C) in the presence of competing species. Two species of nematodes of the genus Steinernema (S. kraussei, S. feltiae) and two of the genus Heterorhabditis (H. bacteriophora and H. megidis) were included in the analysis. Different experimental variants were adopted in which the selected two entomopathogenic nematode species were mixed between Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. The study showed that Heterorhabditis and Steinernema cannot coexist together in a single host and one genus will always prevail. H. megidis, under co-occurrence with S. feltiae separately infected Galleria mellonella larvae most commonly at 15 °C, while H. bacteriophora at 20 °C. The study showed that the main determinant of nematode activity towards the host is not temperature, but the presence of co-existing nematode species. The results of the experiment encourage further research to determine the effects of a variety of concurrent biotic and abiotic factors on entomopathogenic nematodes and their biological activity. Keywords: entomopathogenic nematodes, coexistence of different species, infective abilities, interactions Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 193-201 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/104/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:104-2022-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip Waisen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA Author-Workplace-Name: Current address: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Cooperative Extension, University of California, Indio, USA Author-Name: Zhiqiang Cheng Author-Name: Richard Criley Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA Title: Effects of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 and Beauveria bassiana strain GHA against Plumeria rust in Hawaii Abstract: This study examined the effects of beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain GHA against plumeria rust Coleosporium plumeriae. Two preemptive or three curative laboratory experiments and a curative field experiment were conducted to examine the effects of these commercially available biocontrol products. Treatments included the application of B. bassiana at 1.23 g/L and P. chlororaphis at 3 or 9 g/L. Systemic fungicide azoxystrobin applied at 0.12 g/L and water were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. While its effect was insignificant in the field trial, B. bassiana reduced the rust pustule development in one of two preemptive and two of three curative laboratory trials. In contrast, P. chlororaphis applied at 9 g/L suppressed the number of rust pustules in both laboratory and field experiments, demonstrating its potential biological activity against plumeria rust. In the field trial, the effect of P. chlororaphis was observed at 14 days post-treatment, suggesting that an application interval of 14 days on infected plants can take the rust under control. Keywords: beneficial rhizobacteria, biological control, entomopathogenic fungus, plant disease management Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 202-207 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/86/2022-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2022-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202302-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:59:y:2023:i:2:id:86-2022-PPS