Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrija Tomić Author-Workplace-Name: University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: Vojislav Trkulja Author-Workplace-Name: PI Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: Slavica Matić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Turin, Italy Author-Name: Nenad Trkulja Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Renata Iličić Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Marco Scortichini Author-Workplace-Name: Council for Agronomical Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Roma, Italy Author-Name: Tatjana Popović Milovanović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler): An increasingly significant threat to barley production Abstract: Pyrenophora teres is a pathogen causing a net blotch disease in cultivated barley, which is present worldwide and can thus significantly reduce barley yields. This fungus also infects wild barley and other plants of the Hordeum genus, as well as barley grass, wheat, oats and plants from various genera, including Agropyron, Bromus, Elymus, Hordelymus and Stipa. Based on the symptoms it causes on the infected barley plants, the pathogen can be divided into two forms: P. teres f. teres, which causes net-like symptoms, and P. teres f. maculata, which causes blotchy symptoms. Infected seeds, stubble and plant debris, and volunteer and weed plants represent primary sources of pathogen inoculum. During the growing season, the pathogen enters a sexual stage, developing pseudothecia with asci and ascospores. This is followed by an asexual stage, during which conidiophores with conidia are formed. The conidial (anamorphic) stage is much more common, whereby conidia is a source of inoculum for secondary infection during the barley growing season. The first symptoms appear at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, often during the tilling phase. The most characteristic symptoms form on barley leaves. Frequently, symptoms of the net form can be mistaken for other diseases occurring on barley, making molecular analysis essential for accurate detection of P. teres, its forms, mating types and hybrids. Current net blotch control measures are based on the combined application of cultural, chemical and biological control methods and the selection of resistant varieties. Keywords: Pyrenophora teres, net blotch of barley, taxonomy, disease cycle, toxin production, control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-30 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/122/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:122-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hatice Diğdem Oksal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Türkiye Title: Medlar (Mespilus germanica), a novel natural host for Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) Abstract: Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects various plants such as citrus, hop, almond, grapevine, pear, plum, peach, mulberry, fig, and pistachio. Medlar trees in an orchard in Malatya province of Türkiye were surveyed for the presence of HSVd in 2021. Twenty leaf and flower samples were collected and tested by RT-PCR methods using pathogen-specific primers. HSVd was found in five of the twenty medlar samples showing novel sequence variations. Two of the five HSVd variations were chosen at random and registered in GenBank. Both Turkish HSVd isolates had genomes that were 300 nucleotides long. The complete genome sequence of these variations was compared to isolates in GenBank. The nucleotide sequences of HSVd isolates exhibited 89.7-100% similarity with HSVd isolates found in various crops worldwide. Analysing the alignment of multiple sequences and conducting phylogenetic analyses revealed that identified HSVd variants clustered with citrus Türkiye (MZ995256), citrus Italy (KC584022), citrus Iran (GQ260203) and citrus Japan (X06719) isolates with 100% similarity rate and citrus China (FJ716172) and citrus Spain (AF213503) isolates with 99.5% and 98.0% similarity rates, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of medlar serving as a natural host for HSVd. HSVd infection in medlar could be a problem in the future, and additional study is needed. The infection appears to be latent, but it might be a source of infection for susceptible plants. Keywords: medlar, Hop stunt viroid, phylogenetic analysis, polymerase chain reaction, Türkiye Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 31-40 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/93/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:93-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengjia Zhu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China Author-Name: Siyuan Ren Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China Author-Name: Changlong Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Yu Tian Author-Workplace-Name: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Zhijian Long Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China Author-Name: Zhiqiang Lin Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China Author-Name: Hua Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Ying Cao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, P. R. China Title: The combined application of Bacillus velezensis BCP6 and Jinggangmycin (JGM) to control soft rot caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum on Amorphophallus konjac Abstract: Amorphophallus spp. is an important group of crop and medicinal plants, but it is susceptible to infection by soft rot disease during both field growth and storage stages. This results in huge economic and yield losses, which must be properly addressed. Combined applications of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) and compatible chemicals have been recently considered as a more effective and reliable method to control bacterial soft rot. In the present study, we investigated the control effects against soft rot pathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium aroidearum MY11, using a BCA strain (i.e. Bacillus velezensis BCP6) and screening for three different bactericides, i.e. Jinggangmycin (JGM), Thiodiazole copper and Qingkulike. After exploring a joint application of BCP6 with chemicals, we found that JGM was the most effective and compatible bactericide to be compounded with BCP6. First, in the in vitro experiment, the mixture of JGM (34 mg/L) and suspension of BCP6 (1.0 × 108 cfu/mL) at 4:6 volume ratio performed with the strongest inhibitory effect on P. aroidearum MY11 (53.40%) and synergistic effect (1.78); this combination also significantly increased the biofilm production by BCP6, and constrained the swimming motility of P. aroidearum MY11 in agar plates and inhibited activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Second, the combined application of JGM and BPC6 reached up to 95.81% of control efficacy against P. aroidearum MY11 in a greenhouse experiment, and compared to JGM or BCP6 alone, combined application effectively increased konjac plant resistance to soft rot in the field, showing a synergistic action. Collectively, these results provided an alternative method for the management of soft rot disease in konjac planting. Keywords: Bacillus velezensis, JGM, konjac soft rot, synergistic effect, combined Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 41-52 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/77/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:77-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiling Dang Author-Workplace-Name: Shuifa Haohai (Jiuquan) agricultural development co., ltd, Jiuquan, Gansu, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China Author-Name: Xingren Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Huzhou Wuxing Jinnong Ecological Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: Yuquan Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Huzhou Wuxing Jinnong Ecological Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: Mark L. Gleason Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Author-Name: Jia Feng Title: Controlling Phytophthora blight of pepper in Guizhou Province of China using Stellera chamaejasme extracts and synthetic chemical fungicides Abstract: Phytophthora blight of pepper, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is a destructive disease in pepper production. Extracts of the plant species Stellera chamaejasme Linn, previously known in China as a source of herbal medicine, were also used in former years as a toxin against aphids, mites, and plant-pathogenic fungi. Extracts of S. chamaejasme (SC) and seven commercial fungicides were investigated for their inhibition of mycelial growth and germination of cysts of the pathogen in vitro. The SC alone, infinito (fluopicolide + propamocab + hydrochloride), fluazinam, dimethomorph, and their mixtures with SC strongly inhibited both mycelial growth and germination of cysts of P. capsici. Tests were conducted in a commercial field in Fenggang County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, China, in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 to validate these results for growers. A soil application (7 days before transplanting) and three foliar sprays at 7, 10, or 15 days were tested. One soil application of SC followed by three successive foliar sprays of infinito, fluazinam, and dimethomorph at 7- or 10-day intervals, as well as tank-mixed applications of these synthetic fungicides with SC at 15-day intervals, limited Phytophthora blight incidence to < 10% on the non-treated control treatment. Disease incidence was limited to < 3% to < 5% when alternating SC, SC + infinito, SC + fluazinam, and SC + dimethomorph three times at 7-, 10- or 15-day intervals, plus one soil application of SC. When treatments were applied from early April to May, disease incidence was < 10% in the non-treated control during June and July. The optimal concentration of SC was determined to be 0.25 g/L, which effectively controlled Phytophthora blight and protected marketable yield. SC also significantly (P < 0.05) outperformed treatments in a nearby commercial pepper field that relied on applications of a single synthetic chemical fungicide. The findings of this study provide a foundation for guiding growers to implement an efficient and environmentally safe spray program against Phytophthora blight of pepper in Guizhou Province. Keywords: Phytophthora blight, Phytophthora capsici, Capsicum annuum, biological control, commercial fungicides Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 53-64 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/84/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:84-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raja Jarboui Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Environment Sciences and Sustainable Development, Sfax University, Preparatory Institute of Engineering Studies of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia Author-Name: Mona Saber Azab Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt Author-Name: Hallouma Bilel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Shaima M.N. Moustafa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Author-Workplace-Name: 5Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt Title: Antifungal effect of fresh and stored olive mill wastewater and its ethyl acetate extract against plant pathogenic fungi Abstract: Olive mill wastewater (OMW) has serious environmental implications due to its high organic matter content, particularly its phenolic compounds. Using OMW in crop protection has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of fresh and stored OMW, as well as its ethyl acetate extract, against several phytopathogenic fungi: Syncephalastrum racemosum, Paramyrothecium roridum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae. OMW was stored at 25 °C and 45 °C for three months, and both fresh and stored OMW were used in non-sterile, sterile, and centrifuged conditions. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results showed that fresh OMW and its derivative compounds significantly inhibited the studied fungi. In contrast, OMW storage, sterilization, and centrifugation increased the mycelium growth of the fungi, particularly S. racemosum, which demonstrated relative resistance to stored OMW and its ethyl acetate extract. During storage, some phenolic and flavonoid compounds disappeared (resorcinol and vanillic acid), while the concentration of others increased (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin). This work highlights the potential use of fresh OMW as a bio-agent to protect plants from fungal diseases. Keywords: crop protection, antifungal activity, phytopathogenic fungi, phenolic compounds, storage Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 65-79 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/91/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:91-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sudarjat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia Author-Name: Fitri Widiantini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia Author-Name: Yula Salsabila Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia Author-Name: Syariful Mubarok Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia Title: The effect of conidia density and application frequency of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis in controlling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) Abstract: One of several important pests that attack tomato plants is the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). An eco-friendly method to control B. tabaci utilizes the entomopathogenic fungus, namely Aschersonia aleyrodis. This study aimed to determine the effect of A. aleyrodis conidia density and the frequency of its application to control silverleaf whitefly (B. tabaci) pest on tomato plants under screen house conditions. This study used a randomized completely block design (RCBD) to test ten combination treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that application of A. aleyrodis at conidia densities of 106 conidia/mL, 107 conidia/mL, and 108 conidia/mL with an application frequency of up to once every three weeks was still effective in controlling B. tabaci populations on tomato plants. The highest population suppression rates for B. tabaci (90.6%), tomato yield (1 009 g/plant and 16 fruits/plant), percentage of mycosis (96.6%), and percentage of mummification (97.3%) were found to occur at a conidia density of 108 conidia/mL with the application frequency of once a week. Keywords: population suppression, mycosis, mummification, biological control Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 80-88 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/74/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:74-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nur Asbani Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Hardev Sandhu Author-Workplace-Name: Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA Author-Name: Oscar Liburd Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Author-Name: Julien Beuzelin Author-Workplace-Name: Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA Author-Name: Ronald Cherry Author-Workplace-Name: Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA Author-Name: Gregg Nuessly Author-Workplace-Name: Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA Title: Sex ratio dynamic of the field population of the sugarcane rust mite Abacarus sacchari (Acari: Eriophyidae) Abstract: Sugarcane in southern Florida suffers from sugarcane rust mite (SRM) infestations, Abacarus sacchari, from summer to early fall. The mite's sex ratio is important in understanding the mite's demography and population dynamics. This is the first report on the sex ratio of the field population of the SRM. The objectives of the study were to determine the sex ratio of the SRM and the factors that affect any changes in the sex ratio. To determine the sex ratio, mites were sampled from a sugarcane canopy each month over a 12-month period and the sex ratio was expressed as the proportion of females to the total number of sexed mites. The population density and aerial mites were monitored weekly for 8 and 6 months, respectively. The total number of sexed mites from the sugarcane canopy was 27 941 mites, while 2 248 airborne mites were recorded. The result showed that the sex ratio of the SRM in the canopy was dynamic during the study, with a female bias more common than a male bias among the samples, which ultimately resulted in a slightly female bias. An obvious change from a female bias to a male bias occurred simultaneously with the increased mite density and dispersal. The factors affecting the oscillation of the sex ratio are discussed. Keywords: field population, canopy mites, aerial mites, female bias, male bias Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 89-96 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/50/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:50-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dejana Stanic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Sarajevo Title: The predators of aphids on apples in the region East Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Abstract: Predators of aphids on apples were studied during the growing season in 2021 and 2022 in the region of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Eleven predator species were found on eight apple cultivars in the colonies of three aphid species, Aphis spp., Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini and Dysaphis devecta Walker. Seven species were identified from the family Syrphidae: Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer), Meliscaeva (Episyrphus) auricollis (Meigen, 1822), Eupeodes flaviceps (Rond.), Eupeodes corolae (Fabr.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.), Syrphus ribesii (L.) and Syrphus vitripennis Mg. The larvae of syrphids were more numerous in the Kula location, 99 (52 in 2021 and 47 in 2022), while their number in the Klek location was 59 (35 in 2021 and 24 in 2022). The most abundant species was E. balteatus (40.50%), followed by E. flaviceps (12.65%), S. ribesii (10.75%), M. auricollis (10.12%), S. pyrastri (10.12%) and S. vitripennis (6.96%). The family Coccinellidae is represented by three species: Adalia bipunctata L., Coccinella septempunctata L., and Harmonia axyridis Pallas. From the family Cecidomyiidae, one species Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), was detected. The largest number of predatory species (nine) was found on the Idared cultivar (in D. plantaginea colonies), where the colonies of this aphid species were the most abundant. The least numerous predatory species were identified on the Gloster cultivar in D. devecta and Aphis spp. colonies. E. balteatus was the most common and numerous of all the predatory species. Keywords: natural enemies, apple, cultivars Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 97-105 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/64/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/64/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:64-2023-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Strnadová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marcela Mrázková Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Obituary of Ing. Věra Mokrá, CSc. (1932-2023) Abstract: A prominent scientist in the field of plant virology, our dear colleague Mrs. Ing. Věra Mokrá, CSc., passed away on July 20, 2023. Over the course of almost sixty years (from 1959 to 2008, when she finally retired), Věra Mokrá played a key role in the research of ornamental plant viruses. She was not only one of the founders of the field of virology of ornamental plants in Czechoslovakia, but she also contributed to its significant development and managed to raise the research level to the world level within several decades (Bojňanský 1992). It is very important to remember  her difficult life, often literally pioneering work and rich professional career in a nutshell. Keywords: Vera Mokra, obituary Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 106-107 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/7/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202401-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:7-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial Department Title: List of Reviewers 2023 Journal: Plant Protection Science Number: 0 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2024 File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pps-202401-0011_list-of-reviewers-2023.php File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:1:id:pps-202401-0011