Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alulutho Nombamba
Author-Workplace-Name: Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
Author-Name: Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
Author-Workplace-Name: Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
Author-Name: Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Author-Workplace-Name: Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
Title: Exploring the role of endophytic fungi in the amelioration of drought stress in plants
Abstract: Drought is one of the environmental stresses that threaten food availability. It results in decreased crop yields and developments and diminishes overall plant health. Chemical solutions for alleviating drought stress may be harmful to the environment. Using an alternative, microorganisms help counter the effects of drought stress. Endophytes have a mutualistic relationship with the host as they provide protection and get nutrients. Fungal endophytes assist plants in countering the damaging results of drought stress by producing phytohormones and growth-promoting compounds that promote root and shoot growth and enhance crop productivity. Inoculating maize plants with endophytic fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium sp. have a higher chance of surviving drought stress. These organisms can increase root length, allowing moisture to reach deeper into the soil. This review explores endophytic fungi's roles in alleviating drought stress's consequences on plants. More investigations should be carried out on the favourable effects of fungal endophytes in the mitigation of drought stress through pot and field inoculation.
Keywords: maize, plant protection, plant-growth promotion, endophytes
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 213-228
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/25/2023-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2023-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Namo Dubey
Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
Author-Name: Anjali Chaudhary
Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
Author-Name: Kunal Singh
Author-Workplace-Name: CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
Title: TIR-NBS-LRR genes play a role in plant defense against biotic stress in Solanum lycopersicum
Abstract: Among the many biotic factors with adverse effects on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), diseases caused by fungi, viruses and nematodes are notable. Since the genome of S. lycopersicum became available, efforts have continued to identify the genes and proteins associated with the plant defence activity. One such gene family belongs to TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL), a subfamily of larger NBS-LRR genes. In total, 27 full-length TNLs were identified via genome wide analysis. Four pairs of segmental duplication events were observed involving different pairs of chromosomes, except the pairing of Solyc02g082050-Solyc02g032650, which were both present on chromosome 2. More than twenty nine percent (29.63%) of the genes were localised on chromosome 1 alone. Hormone-mediated biotic stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements were detected for methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid (TCA motif) and ethylene (ERE motif). Differential gene expression was observed for many genes under different plant tissues and biotic stresses. The upregulation of many genes including SlBS4 was observed against Alternaria solani attacks in the disease tolerant varieties. Altogether, the results suggested that TNLs play a significant role in plant defence under biotic stress.
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, TIR-NBS-LRR genes, biotic stress, early blight disease
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 229-240
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/127/2023-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/127/2023-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:3:id:127-2023-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nurdan Gungor Savas
Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Health Department, Manisa Viticulture Research Institute, Manisa, Türkiye
Title: The control of soil-borne fungal pathogens in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and their impact on sapling quality
Abstract: In the production of grafted vines, losses are caused by fungal pathogens during callus forming or after planting in the soil. To control or reduce natural soil-born fungal infections in nurseries, certain applications were conducted in the sapling cultivation stage to analyse the efficacy of cyprodinil + fludioxonil, fluopyram + tebuconazole active substances, and Trichoderma harzianum biological preparation: 1103 Paulsen rootstock and Vitis viniferea L. cv. In the study, Sultana cultivars were stored in fungicide suspensions for 60 min before and after grafting. After grafting, the saplings were divided into (i) cutting + sawdust (ii) cutting + sawdust + soil application groups and transferred to the callus room. After nine months in the nursery, the plants were uprooted, classified as diseased or healthy, and analysed for morphological and molecular diagnosis of fungal species, isolation incidence, and sapling quality and yield. Boeremia exigua var. exigua was isolated for the first time from cuttings during grapevine sapling production and was first registered in NCBI Genbank. After callus development, Fusarium solani was most frequently isolated pathogen in the roots (21.5%); cyprodinil + fludioxonil reduced the Ilyonectria sp. isolation rate in both shoots and roots. Botryosphaeria dothidae and I. liriodendri pathogens were not detected in disease and healthy cyprodinil + fludioxonil treated saplings. The highest sapling yield was observed in fludioxonil + cyprodinil, cutting + sawdust + soil (78.75%) and cutting + sawdust (70.63%) applications.
Keywords: bio-fungicide, chemical control, sapling quality, soil-borne pathogens, vine
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 241-257
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/94/2023-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2023-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koko Dwi Sutanto
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Author-Name: Mureed Husain
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Author-Name: Khawaja Ghulam Rasool
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Author-Name: Mohammed Ibrahim Elbashir
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers - Environment and Natural Resources Research Institute Khartoum, Sudan
Author-Name: Richard W. Mankin
Author-Workplace-Name: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, USA
Author-Name: Abdalsalam Osman Omar
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Author-Name: Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Title: Isolation, molecular identification, and efficacy of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus isolates against Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and adults
Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent the future of pest control, as they have the capacity to induce serious infections in insects, trigger epizootics, and effectively manage insect populations. The study aimed to identify and test indigenous EPF isolates against Tribolium confusum using soil samples from Northwestern and central Saudi Arabia. Galleria mellonella larvae were used as insect bait to collect EPF from soil samples from date palm groves, fruit groves, and maise fields. Only 27.3% of soil samples tested positive for palm grove-originating EPFs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the cultured fungi as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Tribolium confusum pathogenicity was assessed using nine local fungal isolates. Different fungus isolates were tested for their pathogenicity on larval and adult T. confusum. The results showed that M. anisopliae MaSA-2, MaSA-3, and MaSA-4 had infection rates of 85%, 85%, and 75%, respectively, in last-instar T. confusum larvae and 5%, 10%, and 20% in adults within seven days. On the other hand, B. bassiana BbSA-4 showed a 100% infection rate in T. confusum larvae, while BbSA-5, BbSA-6, BbSA-7, BbSA-8, and BbSA-9 had infection rates of 70%, 80%, 80%, 75%, and 95%, respectively. In terms of adult mortality rates, B. bassiana BbSA-4, BbSA-5, BbSA-6, BbSA-7, BbSA-8, and BbSA-9 had rates of 25%, 35%, 35%, 20%, 20%, and 40%, respectively. The research findings show that indigenous B. bassiana and M. anisopliae fungus isolates successfully eliminated T. confusum larvae, although their effectiveness against adults was limited.
Keywords: biological control, EPF, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, pathogenicity
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 258-266
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/131/2023-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/131/2023-PPS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:60:y:2024:i:3:id:131-2023-PPS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Žaneta Pražanová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Hana Šefrová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Selectivity and efficiency: evaluation of synthetic Grapholita molesta sexual pheromones
Abstract: The effectiveness of pheromone lures for Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) from Propher (Czech Republic) and Pherobank (Netherlands), the attractiveness of green and transparent pheromone traps and the representation of non-target species were evaluated in three study areas of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2019-2021 (24 traps per year). A total of 6 536 Grapholita molesta and 946 individuals of 17 non-target species were collected. Grapholita molesta was frequently captured in green delta traps with a Pherobank pheromone lure. Therefore, pheromone lures from different manufacturers have different efficacy and require the independent setting of harmfulness thresholds. An overview of non-target species recorded by other authors was compiled. Among the non-target species, morphologically similar species of Tortricidae dominated, causing considerable problems in the signalling of control measures of the target species.
Keywords: Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, pests, monitoring, pheromone traps, non-target species
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 267-277
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/47/2024-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/47/2024-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Darija Lemic
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Workplace-Name: Green Environmental Research Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Mario Schumann
Author-Workplace-Name: KWS SAAT SE & Co., Einbeck, Germany
Author-Name: Ralf Tilcher
Author-Workplace-Name: KWS SAAT SE & Co., Einbeck, Germany
Author-Name: Olaf Czarnecki
Author-Workplace-Name: KWS SAAT SE & Co., Einbeck, Germany
Author-Name: Katarina M. Mikac
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Author-Name: Domagoj Vučemilović-Jurić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Name: Helena Viric Gasparic
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Author-Workplace-Name: Green Environmental Research Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
Title: Enhancing pest management in sugar beet cultivation: impact of variety selection and insecticide seed treatments on sugar beet flea beetles and weevils
Abstract: This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of seed treatments and different sugar beet varieties in controlling flea beetles (Chaetocnema tibialis) and sugar beet weevils (Asproparthenis punctiventris) in Croatia. The field trials were conducted in Vukovar-Sirmia County and targeted the developmental stages of sugar beet from BBCH 12 to BBCH 31. Although the sowing was done within the optimal period, no clear pattern between germination of the seeds and susceptibility was identified as the results showed different responses at different development stages and among the three variants. The experimental design comprised no insecticide, thiamethoxam + tefluthrin, cyantraniliprole, flupyradifurone and Beauveria bassiana + Metarhizium anisopliae. The results show that the treatments with thiamethoxam + tefluthrin effectively reduced pest damage only at the critical stages of development. The current findings suggest that While some of these alternative methods offer good control, they may prove insufficient when applied individually. Hence, integrating them into a comprehensive pest management approach could be necessary for effectively safeguarding sugar beet yields. Further studies should explore potential additive or synergistic benefits to enhance these strategies.
Keywords: sugar beet varieties, IPM, Chaetocnema tibialis, Asproparthenis punctiventris, pesticides, seed coating
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 278-287
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/8/2024-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2024-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dragana Bošković
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Slavica Vuković
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Sanja Lazić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Nuray Baser
Author-Workplace-Name: CIHEAM-IAMB - International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Bari, Italy
Author-Name: Mihaela Kavran
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Dragana Novaković
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Aleksandra Šušnjar
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Jelena Ećimović
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Milica Stožinić
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Carbohydrate Food Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Dragana Šunjka
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Title: Biopesticide formulation based on essential oils in Drosophila suzukii management as a future of pest control
Abstract: Drosophila suzukii poses a significant threat to berry fruits with its uncontrolled spread. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential bioinsecticides due to their natural origin, mode of action, and biodegradability. Although EOs show potential for use in agriculture due to ecotoxicologically favourable characteristics, additional research is required to enhance their effectiveness, stability, and application for practical implementation in pest management. The primary objective of this research was the development of a bioinsecticide formulation based on a combination of three EOs - Pelargonium graveolens, Anethum graveolens, and Pinus sylvestris followed by the assessment of formulated bioinsecticide physicochemical properties. Using a two-choice bioassay, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of formulated bioinsecticides on D. suzukii, regarding their insecticidal properties through oviposition deterrence. The developed formulation exhibited favourable physicochemical properties and demonstrated a decrease in the number of larvae in fruits. Bioinsecticides present an environmentally friendly approach to pest control. However, further research and development are imperative to fully exploit their potential for effective crop protection in the field, followed by comprehensive research to evaluate the potential side effects on natural enemies, ensuring that their implementation doesn't harm beneficial organisms and maintain ecological equilibrium.
Keywords: bioinsecticide, eco-friendly, oviposition, biocontrol, sustainable
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 288-294
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/11/2024-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2024-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Biljana Kelečević
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author-Name: Zlatan Kovačević
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author-Name: Siniša Mitrić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author-Name: Sava Vrbničanin
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
Title: Responses of seed germination of Xanthium orientale L. and Xanthium spinosum L. to temperature
Abstract: Species of the genus Xanthium (cocklebur) are invasive plants widespread all over the world. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Xanthium orientale L. was an invasive species, while Xanthium spinosum L. was an economically harmful weed species. The reason these species are spread over vast areas and across various climate conditions must be attributed to their biology, particularly the biology of their seeds. Germination of populations of X. orientale and X. spinosum at a temperature range of 15 °C to 40 °C over 2 to 20 days ranged between 15.0% (X. spinosum) and 90.0% (X. orientale). By means of the application of a statistical model, a positive correlative dependence of temperature and time on seed germination was determined (X. orientale = 80.70%, X. spinosum = 62.20%), which provided a possibility of modelling the seed germination of Xanthium species in various ecological conditions. The optimal germination temperature for both cocklebur species was 30-35 °C. As the germination of seeds was recorded at all researched temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), it points to a wide ecological valence for the considered abiotic factor. These results suggest that the unique germination biological characteristics of the Xanthium genus made it extremely easy for the species to form monodominant communities in new habitats and climate-changing environments quickly.
Keywords: Xanthium orientale L., Xanthium spinosum L., temperature, germination
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 295-304
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/124/2023-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2023-PPS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renata Iličić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Jovana Blagojević
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
Author-Name: Ferenc Bagi
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Đina Konstantin
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Author-Name: Vojislav Trkulja
Author-Workplace-Name: PI Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author-Name: Nenad Trkulja
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
Author-Name: Tatjana Popović Milovanović
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
Title: First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing tomato anthracnose in Serbia
Abstract: During the survey of open tomato fields in Vojvodina (Serbia), characteristic anthracnose disease symptoms, including black, circular, sunken, and watery lesions, were observed in about 20% of fruits in September 2018. Subsequent pathogen isolations formed white aerial mycelia and numerous spherical, black conidiomata on the Potato Dextrose Agar. Ten representative isolates produced hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, and aseptate conidia. The presence of initially brownish necrotic lesions on the tomato, which later expanded into large rotted areas, ultimately leading to complete fruit rot, confirmed the pathogenicity of the tested isolates. Molecular identification was performed using Bayesian analysis of concatenated ITS, TUB2, CHS-1, and ACT loci. Based on the combination of the morphological and molecular features, the fungus Colletotrichum nigrum was identified as the causal pathogen. As this is the first report on this fungal pathogen on tomatoes in Serbia, it highlights the importance of early and accurate detection for effective disease prevention, thus reducing crop damage and market losses.
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, identification, fruit rot
Journal: Plant Protection Science
Pages: 305-309
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/14/2024-PPS
File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2024-PPS.html
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