Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Govindan Muthukumar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Ayyanar Kamalakannan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Irudhayasamy Johnson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Pachamuthu Kamaraj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College & Research Institute, Kumulur, Trichy, India Author-Name: Iyyamperumal Muthuvel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruits, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Shanmugam Varanavasiappan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Title: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and its limit of detection for diagnostics of plant pathogens Abstract: Phytopathology deals with a branch of biology encompassing pathogens that infect plants. Pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas are notorious and hard to control; preventive measures are important for managing disease as early as possible. Age-old management practices are time-consuming and labour-intensive processes. In the past, nucleic acid-based methods, such as hybridization, amplification, and sequencing, have been used extensively for the preliminary identification of plant pathogens. Recently, PCR-based methods have been widely used for the detection of plant pathogens. However, PCR methods are time-bound and require high-quality DNA extraction because of inhibitors' effects on PCR sensitivity. Several isothermal detection techniques are commonly used for the onsite detection of plant pathogens. Among them, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a paradigm diagnostic tool for early plant pathogen detection. Hence, in this review, we discuss the rapid, reliable, sensitive method of the LAMP assay and the limit of detection (LOD) in different sectors of plant pathology. We also address the advantages and disadvantages of different LAMP approaches and future prospects. Keywords: PCR, onsite detection, LAMP, sensitivity, diagnostics, LOD Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 1-20 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/62/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:62-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sagarika Medari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Krishnan Kalpana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Horticulture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Muthusamy Ramakrishnan Author-Workplace-Name: Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China Author-Name: Aravindaram Kandan Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Author-Name: Subbiah Ramasamy Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Karuppiah Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Sankarasubramanian Harish Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Andithevar Beaulah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Post-Harvest Technology, Horticulture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Rangaswamy Anandham Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Narayanan Manikandaboopathi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Marimuthu Ayyandurai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Green guardians: Bacterial endophytes in protecting vegetable crops against pathogens Abstract: Vegetables are considered as the major source for opportunistic and emerging pathogens due to their diverse microbiome. Utilising bacterial endophytes and other bacterial agents to control a variety of economically important plant diseases is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture. Within internal plant tissues, bacterial endophytes form colonies without apparent injury. These bacteria provide several advantages for plant systems, including the direct stimulation of plant development through the creation of metabolites or phytohormones. Importantly, bacterial endophytes play a dual role by safeguarding their plant host through the biocontrol of pathogens and induction of the plant's innate immune system. This review offers a methodical and inclusive examination of the current state of endophytic diversity of bacteria, their methods of plant colonisation and their potential functions as protective agents against plant diseases. The review concludes by proposing diverse effective strategies for applying endophytic bacteria as a biological agent aiming to safeguard vegetable crop plants and enhancing the resilience of agricultural products. Keywords: biological control agents, antagonist, formulations, plant diseases, vegetables Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 21-43 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/38/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:38-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Pon Arasan Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: S. Radhamani Author-Name: S. Pazhanivelan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: R. Kavitha Author-Workplace-Name: ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research - Regional Station, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: R. Raja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: R. Kumaraperumal Title: Mapping and monitoring of weeds using unmanned aircraft systems and remote sensing Abstract: Effective weed management relies on frequent field monitoring, which is difficult to perform in vast areas. Integrating red-green-blue, thermal, hyperspectral, and multispectral sensors with unmanned aircraft systems and artificial intelligence ensures better results in managing the weed menace. Since India depends largely on agriculture, it is still a long way from implementing more advanced weed management methods. Mapping and surveillance of weeds in croplands by employing remote sensing will lead to varied herbicide application rates, thus reducing its overuse. This study reviews the practical application of remote sensing methods and unmanned aircraft systems in weed mapping Keywords: UAS, weed mapping, artificial intelligence, remote sensing,  sensors Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 44-55 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/74/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:74-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrik Mlčoch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Sedlářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Cytospora tristicha (De Not.) Mlčoch comb. nov., a lesser-known pathogen of wild roses Abstract: Stem canker of Rosa pendulina, collected in south-eastern Switzerland (canton of Graubünden) in August 2022, was studied in details. The causal agent of the disease was first identified as Valseutypella tristicha (Valsaceae, Diaporthales, Ascomycota) based on microscopic characteristics. The subsequent molecular analysis classified it into the genus Cytospora and indicated that it is identical with C. rosicola, described from China in 2020 based on the molecular data, however, V. tristicha is an older name than C. rosicola, so this has priority. Thus, a new combination of the name is proposed for this fungus. Keywords: phylogeny, Rosa spp., taxonomy, Valsaceae, rose stem canker Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 56-65 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/122/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:122-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beata Kowalska Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena Szczech Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Maria Grzegorzewska Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Anna Wrzodak Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Kalina Sikorska-Zimny Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Title: The potential of volatiles from Brassica juncea seeds against grey mould agent Botrytis cinerea and their effect on storage and sensory quality of spinach leaves Abstract: The potential use of volatile compounds released from milled seeds of mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Malopolska) obtained from three different companies was tested in in vitro and in vivo experiments for their inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea growth on agar media and its infection on vegetable leaves of cucumber, bean and spinach. In the experiments with spinach, the effect of volatiles from mustards on the storage and sensory quality of fumigated leaves was evaluated. The antifungal effect of the volatiles depended on the source and dosage of mustard seeds and biofumigation time. The most efficient inhibition of B. cinerea mycelium growth on agar media and vegetable leaves was mustard S from SHR company. The development of grey mould on spinach leaves was inhibited in the treatment with 4 h biofumigation with the volatiles from mustard S seeds in experiments conducted at 10 °C and also at 18 °C. In the sensory and storage quality analysis, the spinach leaves treated with volatiles from mustard seeds showed acceptable parameters that predisposed the product to consumption. The results show that it is possible to reduce the incidence of vegetable grey mould with the treatment of milled mustard seeds, opening a potential application of biofumigation in the control of B. cinerea in vegetables. Keywords: biofumigation, mustard, grey mould, cucumber, bean Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 66-76 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/44/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:44-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sadia Manzoor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Name: Rasheed Akbar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R China Author-Name: Afaq Hussain Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Name: Amjad Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials and Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R China Author-Name: Brekhna Faheem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan Author-Name: Maid Zaman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Name: Abid Farid Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Name: Ijaz Hussain Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author-Name: Imtiaz Ali Khan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan Author-Name: Kahkashan Perveen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Najat A. Bukhari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Jianfan Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China Title: Toxicity effect of Ricinus communis methanolic extracts against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Abstract: Bactrocera cucurbitae, commonly known as the melon fruit fly, stands as a formidable threat to global agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of cucurbitaceous crops. The adaptability, high reproductive capacity, and broad host range of B. cucurbitae make it a persistent challenge for growers worldwide. Conventional control methods, often reliant on chemical pesticides, pose environmental and ecological concerns, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies for sustainable pest management. Invasive plants often exert deleterious effects on ecosystems, and the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, is no exception. To explore the efficacy of R. communis, a methanol extract was tested to find the toxicity effect against B. cucurbitae. In this study, different bioactive compounds were isolated from R. communis. The crude extract of R. communis was subjected to fractionating using different organic solvents in an increasing order of polarity, where the fraction indicating maximum activity was then taken for the isolation of the bioactive compounds using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of R. communis extracts at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% methanol were used. Pure methanol was used as the control. The experimental conditions were maintained at 28 + 20 ºC and 65 + 5% relative humidity. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomised design having five replications. A probit analysis was used to find the LC50 and LC90. The results showed that, as the concentration of the plant extracts increases, the mortalities of B. cucurbitae also increased. After a 72 h exposure period, the crude extracts exhibited the lowest LC50 at 0.30% and LC90 at 0.60%. This study investigates the potential of methanolic extracts derived from various parts of R. communis to serve as a biopesticide against B. cucurbitae which can be easily available, economically feasible, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly. Keywords: Bactrocera cucurbitae, Ricinus communis, isolation and purification Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 77-88 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/46/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:46-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleš Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers Abstract: Brassica and related crops are one of the most important and widely growing crops around the world. They have very broad utilization in human activities as fresh and processed food, fodder and forage of animals, condiments and ornamental plants. This group of plants belongs to one of the oldest domesticated crops with very wide geographic distribution and history of growing and human utilization. Brassicas are also very diverse from taxonomical and genetic viewpoint with rather long history of breeding. The First Edition of this book was published by CABI in 2006, this volume received very high evaluation and by reviewers was considered as "an exemplary job in making horticultural sense". However, during the last two decades there was made enormous progress in research, breeding, growing and practical aspects of utilization of these crops. This newest edition of the book represents a very impressive, comprehensive and complex treatment of all the most important aspects related to vegetable brassicas and related crucifers used in horticulture. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 89-90 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/204/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/204/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:204-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ales Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Obituary of Assoc. Prof. Ing. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc. (1942-2024) Abstract: With regret, we have to inform the community of plant pathologists, plant virologists, and plant protection scientists. Assoc. Prof. Jaroslav Polák, a former and long-time Plant Protection Science editorial board member, passed away on May 20, 2024. Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 91-94 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/213/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/213/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202501-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:213-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial Office Title: LIST OF REVIEWERS 2024 Journal: Plant Protection Science Number: 0 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pps-202501-0009_list-of-reviewers-2024.php File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:pps-202501-0009