Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Santhappan Vignesh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Palanisamy Murali Arthanari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Rengabashyam Kalpana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Ranganathan Umarani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Subburamu Karthikeyan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Ponnusamy Janaki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Advancements in sensor-based weed management: Navigating the future of weed control Abstract: Controlling weed populations in agricultural land is challenging due to various factors, such as soil conditions, crop type, and environmental conditions. Substantial experience is needed to develop a strategy for minimising pressure from weed infestation. For a relatively longer period, weed control was taken care of using herbicides and mechanical and manual weeding. While herbicides simplify weed control, they pose issues like residual effects and the development of herbicide resistance in weeds, necessitating the deployment of alternate smart weed-management technologies. Lately, smart weeding robots and sensor-based site-specific spraying systems have been developed. Sensors as varied as hyperspectral imaging cameras, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Real Time Kinematics-Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS), optoelectronic, fluorescence sensors, laser and ultrasonic systems can help to improve weed control efficacy when combined with mechanical and spraying robotic systems. Camera-steered mechanical weeding robots and unmanned aerial vehicles are now widely available for weed management. This review focuses on the developments in sensor-based mechanical and chemical weeding, identification of herbicide-resistant weeds, and herbicide effect assessment. This is a comprehensive overview of studies of sensor-based weed-management strategies being adopted worldwide. Furthermore, an outlook towards future sensor-based weed control strategies and necessary improvements are given. Keywords: patch spraying, precision weeding, resistant weeds, robotic weeding, sensor technologies, UAV, weed mapping Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 95-109 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/76/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:76-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ismail Mahmoud Ali Shahhat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Arbi Guetat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Salma Yousif Sidahmed Elsheik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Abdelrahman Talha Abdelwahab Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: Marwa Abdelfattah Awad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia Title: Sustainable medicinal plant production - responses of Lamiaceae plants to organic acid elicitors spraying during environmental stress: A review Abstract: This article provides a review of recent studies on the extent to which the use of organic acid elicitors such as salicylic, jasmonic, humic and ascorbic acids has been successful in alleviating the exposure of Lamiaceae plants to unfavourable environmental conditions such as drought and salinity. Overall, the results concluded all organic acid elicitors enhanced the morphological and physiological characteristics of biochemical and secondary metabolite contents. These improvements have enabled plants of the Lamiaceae family to adapt to environmental stress conditions to some extent and survive, thus achieving sustainability in the production of plants of this family. It can be recommended to use salicylic acid in concentrations 0.5-2.5 mM, and it should not exceed it so as not to cause poisoning and disruption of the vital and physiological processes within the plant. In contrast, these plants have limited studies on the relationship between jasmonic acid/ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid. Since vitamins such as ascorbic acid are essential for plant metabolism and growth regulation, their effect on these plants remains unstudied at concentrations 2-10 mM under different abiotic stresses. Further research is needed to understand the impact of Nano-SA, JA, HA, ASA, and citric acid on Lamiaceae plants under various environmental stress conditions. Limited studies exist on the relationship between jasmonate/humic acid and Lamiaceae plants under abiotic stress. The Lamiaceae family needs more studies on adaptation to various environmental conditions and the toxicity of stimulants used to confront these conditions. This research contributes to improving agricultural practices in challenging environmental regions. Keywords: mint family, plant hormones, foliar application, secondary metabolites, stressors Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 110-151 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/83/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/83/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:83-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shynbolat Rsaliyev Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak, Almaty region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Aralbek Rsaliyev Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeisky, Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Rakhim Urazaliev Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak, Almaty region, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Saltanat Dubekova Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak, Almaty region, Kazakhstan Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Akerke Serikbaykyzy Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Title: Population composition and virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Kazakhstan Abstract: In recent years, epidemics of wheat yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) have been observed in major winter wheat-producing regions in Kazakhstan. However, there is currently very little information about the racial composition and virulence of Pst. The global emergence of aggressive and genetically diverse Pst races leads to different seasonal and geographic patterns of the pathogen, making cultivated wheat varieties vulnerable to the pathogen and potentially causing yellow rust epidemics. Three periods with different characteristic dominant Pst races were distinguished in Kazakhstan during 1985-2022. The first period covers 1985-2000, when in the southeast of the country, the main Pst races were 7E156 (31/1.5), 7E158 (A-8/5), 39E158 (X/1.5) and 86E16. In the second period (2001-2010), the crops were dominated by races 7E159, 31E159 and 47E224, which showed virulence to varieties with resistance genes Yr9 and Yr18. In the third period (2018-2022), the most dominant races in the fungal population were 7E159, 39E158, 79E73, 79E179, and 111E158, exhibiting virulence to varieties with the Yr26 and Yr27 genes. In the background of field infection, the resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, and Yr15 remain reliable in ensuring resistance; the Yr4, YrSp, and YrND sources are also highly effective against the Pst population. Keywords: winter wheat, yellow rust, population, Pst race, Yr gene Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 152-161 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/16/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/16/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:16-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhening Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Author-Name: Julia A. Coughlin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Author-Name: James K.F. Kam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Author-Name: Zhiqiang Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Title: Comparative evaluation of fungicide effectiveness in controlling Coffee leaf rust in Hawai'i Abstract: Coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, is a disease that has severely impacted the major coffee growing areas of the world. The discovery of CLR in Hawaii in October 2020 was devastating news to local growers, as it quickly spread to all coffee-growing areas, threatening the second-highest-valued crop in the State. Although the fungicide Priaxor Xemium had been approved as a Section 18 emergency exemption, there was still an urgent need for true systemic fungicides to provide sustained control of the disease. The study's overall objective was to test the efficacy of various systemic fungicides against CLR in field conditions. During the coffee growing season for two years, various fungicides were tested on two farms in the Kona district of Hawaii. Treated trees showed an 84% reduction in CLR incidence compared to untreated trees in Year 1 and a 79% reduction in Year 2 by the end of the study. Treated trees also had 12% and 38% more total leaves per branch than untreated trees in Years 1 and 2, respectively. All fungicide treatments provided excellent or good control of CLR compared to the untreated control under the climate of Hawaii. Keywords: Coffea arabica, disease incidence, Hawaii coffee industry, integrated pest management Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 162-171 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/92/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:92-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Rafiq Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangx Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Amna Shoaib Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Arshad Javaid Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Shagufta Perveen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Hafiz Umair Asdullah Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangx Province and School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunsong Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangx Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, P.R. China Title: Phytochemical profile of stem extract of Carthamus oxycantha and identification of herbicidal and antimicrobial constituents Abstract: The present study was carried out to enlist herbicidal and antimicrobial compounds in the methanolic stem extract of Carthamus oxycantha, a problematic weed of Asteraceae. Methanolic stem extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed the presence of 150 constituents in the extract. The most abundant compound was Niacin (45.375%) followed by D-ribofuranose, 5-deoxy-5-(methylsulfinyl)-1,2,3-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)- (14.528%); 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (4.951%); γ-tocopherol (4.638%); hexacosane (4.148%); 3-phenyllactic acid, 2TMS derivative  (2.675%); 13-retinoic acid, (Z)-, TMS derivative (2.461%); 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-ethyl-3-imidazoline-1-oxyl (2.276%); octadecanoic acid (1.851%); 2-deoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl); pentitol (1.757%); 3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)butyl)cyclohex-2-enone (1.505%); methyl 9.cis.,11.trans.t,13.trans.-octadecatrienoate (1.136%); and benzoic acid, 3-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester (1.044%). Peak areas for the rest of the compounds were below 1%. Among the identified compounds, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (3), hexacosane (5), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (28), tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester (29), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (30), γ-sitosterol (33), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)- (48), dodecanoic acid (68) and eicosane (128) are known to possess antimicrobial activities. Compound 28 is also known for its herbicidal activity as a binary mixture with xanthoxyline. This study concludes that the stem extract of C. oxycantha primarily comprises antifungal and antibacterial compounds. Keywords: antimicrobial, bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, GC-MS, herbicidal, stem extract Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 172-182 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:75-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prince Mahore Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Nikki Bhardwaj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Pradyumn Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Mitesh Makwana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Dheerendra Mahor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Naveen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Neeraj Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Jawaharlal Nahru Krishi Vishwa, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Sitaram Seervi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Author-Name: Sonu Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India Title: Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) seasonal activity and association with abiotic factor Abstract: The study has been conducted at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.), in the summers of 2021 and 2022. In the summers of 2021 and 2022, the crop was first infested by the shoot and fruit borer on the 10th and 13th standard meteorological week (SMW). The infestation persisted until the 23rd and 24th SMW, respectively. During the first year, the 15th SMW had the highest infestation rate for shoot damage, 15.76%, while the 18th SMW had the highest infestation rate for shoot damage, 15.07%, in the second year. Whereas fruit damage per cent is calculated based on number and weight, and its peak per cent infestation was noted on the 22nd SMW with 31.67% based on number, 30.12% based on weight during the first year, and 30.34% based on number and 29.95% based on weight during the second year, which was noted on the 23rd SMW. There was a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and shoot damage percentage (r = 0.62) and minimum temperature and fruit damage percentage based on number (r = 0.87) and weight (r = 0.88) during the first year of study. However, during the first year of the study, there was a negative association (r = -0.68) between morning relative humidity and shoot damage per cent. The following year's research revealed a highly significant positive link between maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and evaporation with fruit damage (%) based on the number (r = 0.64, 0.92, and 0.82) and based on weight (r = 0.63, 0.92, and 0.82), respectively. Keywords: standard metrological week, shoot damage, fruit damage, peak population, correlation Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 183-190 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/3/2024-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2024-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:3-2024-PPS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isse Hassan Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Antalya, Türkiye Author-Name: Utku Yükselbaba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Title: Determination of resistance improving potentials of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes against cyantraniliprole Abstract: Bemisia tabaci is a significant insect pest that causes extensive agricultural damage. The MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor) and MED (Mediterranean) genetic groups of B. tabaci are the most prevalent cryptic species. This study investigated the potential for resistance development in the MED and MEAM1 genetic groups of B. tabaci against cyantraniliprole. Additionally, multiple-resistance development within each genetic group for pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat, and acetamiprid insecticides was determined. To assess the susceptibility of the first-larval stage of B. tabaci, we employed a systemic uptake method with cyantraniliprole. Additionally, we utilized a leaf-dipping method to apply acetamiprid, spirotetramat, and pyriproxyfen to second-instar larvae, adults, and eggs of B. tabaci, respectively, to determine the LC50 values for each insecticide. Each genetic group was subjected to six selections using cyantraniliprole. After six rounds of selection, a 1.8-fold resistance was observed in the B. tabaci MEAM1 population, whereas the MED population exhibited a 1.4-fold resistance. While B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 genetic groups exhibited very low resistance to cyantraniliprole, it's important to note that no multiple-resistance was observed with pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat, or acetamiprid in either group. These findings provide valuable insights for future monitoring and developing insecticide resistance management strategies for B. tabaci. Keywords: cross-resistance diamide, insecticide, resistance management Journal: Plant Protection Science Pages: 191-200 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/112/2023-PPS File-URL: http://pps.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/112/2023-PPS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pps-202502-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:61:y:2025:i:2:id:112-2023-PPS