Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Hřivna Author-Name: R. Richter Author-Name: T. Lošák Author-Name: J. Hlušek Title: Effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and sulphur on chemical composition of plants, yields and seed quality in winter rape Abstract: In 1999, the effect of increasing levels of nitrogen at the initial (13.9 mg.kg-1) and increased (40 mg.kg-1) level of watersoluble sulphur (Swat) was studied in winter rape (cv. Lirajet) grown in pots. A synergetic effect of nitrogen on concentrations of Ca and Mg was demonstrated in the growth stages DC 20-29 and 31-39. Levels of P and K were balanced. In variants with a low content of Swat in soil to 40 mg.kg-1 of soil S concentration increased. With the increasing dose of N the content of S decreased from 1.00% to 0.78% and from 0.68% to 0.38% in DC 20-29 and DC 31-39, respectively. An increased level of S in soil changed the ratio N/S. In variants with a natural (i.e. low) content of S in soil, this ratio widened with the increasing dose of N from 8.06 to 25.15 while in variants with an increased level of S in soil it ranged from 3.24 to 5.85 in the growth stage DC 20-29. Increasing doses of N widened the ratio N/P regardless to concentration of S in plants. In individual growth stages the ratio P/S was markedly narrowed by changing contents of S in soil. The highest yields were obtained in the variant with an optimum concentration of all elements in plants and S contents above 0.6% and/or about 0.4% in growth stages DC 20-29 and DC 31-39, respectively. The obtained yields demonstrated a highly significant effect of N and S on seed yields. At a low concentration of sulphur in plants the yield of seed increased only to the dose N3(i.e. 0.9 g N per pot); thereafter, it gradually decreased. An increased level of S in soil showed a positive effect on seed yields. Higher doses of N widened the ratio straw/seeds from 2.46 to 7.69; at higher levels of S in soil, an opposite trend was observed. In variants with a low content of S the number of branches and pods increased proportionally with increasing doses of N. On the other hand, increased levels of S reduced the number of branches and pods. At a low level of S in soil the total weight of seeds per pod decreased with the increased supply of N from 69.9 mg to 20.4 mg. At increased levels of S the weight of seeds per pod increased from 61.9 mg to 79.8 mg. Results of field experiments in four different localities corroborated a positive effect of S (in interaction with N) on its concentration in plants. The seed yield was significantly increased. In 2000, results from all localities were markedly influenced by climatic conditions; however average results of all experiments showed that S increased seed yields depending on the dose of N by 2.5 and 5.9%. An optimum nutrition of plants with all elements (including S) results in improved utilisation and increased yields. Keywords: N and S doses, winter rape, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, seed yield, quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-6 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4197-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4197-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4197-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Patzak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bříza Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Krofta Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of the chalcone synthase from Humulus lupulus L. and biotechnology aspects of medicinal hops Abstract: The complete sequence hop gene, which corresponds to true chalcone synthase (EC 2.3.1.74), was amplified using a combination of PCR, RT PCR and inverse PCR methods and cloned from Czech Osvald's clone 72. The gene designated chs_H1 was found to be specifically expressed on glandular trichomes, whereas negligible level of specific mRNA was found in leaves. Thus, chs_H1 may co-determine biosynthesis of prenylated chalcones, compounds valuable as anticancer and antiproliferative components of lupulin. It was shown by the comparative analyses and by the structure modelling that the true hop chalcone synthase differs from previously described CHS-like protein, phlorisovalerophenone synthase, which is involved in biosynthesis of bitter acids. Several hop cultivars were analysed for the presence of genes homologous to chs_H1 using chs_H1 cDNA as probe. 2-4 HindIII specific genomic fragments were detected by Southern blots, depending on cultivar. More detailed analysis revealed at least six homologous genes in Osvald's 72 hop, suggesting a great potential of this hop also as a genetic source for modern biotechnology. High level of xanthohumol in some Osvald's 72-derived hybrid cultivars like cv. Sládek, as well as a comparatively high level of prenylated flavonoids in some comprehensive hops, suggest also the presence of additional, regulatory genes co-determining levels of prenylated flavonoids valuable for medicinal hops. Keywords: phlorisovalerophenone synthase, prenylflavonoids, anti-cancer compounds, DNA polymorphism, hop genome Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 7-14 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4200-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4200-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4200-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Gálová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Michalík Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: H. Knoblochová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Gregová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Variation in HMW glutenin subunits of different species of wheat Abstract: Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW) in the different wheat species. The relation has been studied between the HMW glutenin subunit alleles and the bread-making quality of 25 world wheat cultivars and 21 regional varieties common wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), 17 winter spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.), 3 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum DESF.), 9 cultivars of Triticum turgidum L. and 5 cultivars of Triticum polonicum L. The highest frequency of occurrence of HMW glutenin subunits 2*, 13 + 16 and 5 + 10 were found in world wheat cultivars. In Slovak wheat varieties were analysed subunits 0, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10, 2 + 12. The HMW subunits 0, 7 + 8 with Glu-score 4 were determined in Triticum durum DESF. Three electrophoretical profile groups of different HMW glutenin subunits were found in Triticum turgidum L. and Triticum polonicum L. and six electrophoretical profile groups were determined in Triticum spelta L. The verified correlations between bread-making quality and specific HMW subunits of glutenin can be utilised by wheat breeders using SDS-PAGE of proteins as a screening test for the prediction of bread-making quality of wheat. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Triticum durum DESF., Triticum turgidum L., Triticum polonicum L., Triticum spelta L., HMW glutenin subunits, electrophoresis SDS-PAGE, SDS sedimentation test Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 15-19 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4199-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4199-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4199-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Birkás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllõ, Hungary Author-Name: T. Szalai Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllõ, Hungary Author-Name: C. Gyuricza Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllõ, Hungary Author-Name: M. Gecse Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllõ, Hungary Author-Name: K. Bordás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllõ, Hungary Title: Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation Abstract: This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction. Keywords: disk tillage, soil loosening, soil compaction, diskpan, maize, winter wheat, weed management Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 20-26 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4201-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4201-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4201-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Procházková Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Málek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dovrtěl Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of different straw management practices on yields of continuous spring barely Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in the maize-growing region on heavy gleic fluvisol from 1974 to 2000. Three variants of straw management (straw harvested, incorporated into soil and burned), two variants of soil tillage (conventional plough tillage to 0.22 m, shallow disc tillage to 0.12-0.15 m) and three variants of fertilization (30, 60 and 90 kg N.ha-1) were studied. After conventional tillage, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with burned straw (5.50 t.ha-1), followed by the variant with straw incorporated into soil (5.40 t.ha-1) and the lowest after harvested straw (5.01 t.ha-1). At shallow tillage, lower yields were assessed in all variants of straw management in comparison with conventional tillage (after straw burning 5.07 t.ha-1, incorporation into soil 4.66 t.ha-1 and harvest 4.54 t.ha-1). The ranking of variants was identical to that in inversion tillage; however, the yield increased more after straw burning in comparison with its incorporation into soil. Yields increased regularly along with increasing rates of nitrogen. If long-term effects of straw incorporation on yields and yield trends were evaluated (in comparison with straw harvest), statistically significant decrease in yields was assessed after shallow in contrast with increase in yields after deeper straw incorporation. Keywords: spring barley, grain yield, straw management, soil tillage, mineral fertilization Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 27-32 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4204-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4204-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4204-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Dębska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: A. Maciejewska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: J. Kwiatkowska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Agriculture, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: The effect of fertilization with brown coal on Haplic Luvisol humic acids Abstract: The influence of fertilization with brown coal (used as preparation called Rekulter) on properties of humic acids extracted from haplic luvisol was studied. Characteristics of humic acids were identified by their elemental composition, thermal decomposition, and infrared and UV-VIS spectra. It was found that humic acids formed during decomposition process of Rekulter in soil were characterised by a higher content of carbon (38.6% versus 35.4%), a lower content of nitrogen (1.50% versus 2.73%) and a higher resistance to thermal decomposition, when compared with humic acids extracted from soils without Rekulter application. Due to special properties of Rekulter, additional liming did not affect the properties of humic acids. Keywords: brown coal, humic acids, liming, soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 33-39 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4203-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4203-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4203-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Barančíková Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Regional Station, Prešov, Slovak Republic Title: Changes of humic acids structure on selected key monitoring localities of arable soils Abstract: Soil fertility is largely determined by the content and quality of soil organic matter. SlovakRepublic monitoring system includes evaluation of soil humus content, basic humic parameters and also chemical structure of humic acids (HA). Changes in humic acids structure on five selected key localities during monitoring period (1994-2000) are presented in this study. Among soil types, essentially between Chernozem and Planosol, in elemental analysis, optical parameter and 13C NMR parameters significant differences determined by Student's test were observed (Tables 2 and 3). During monitoring period small oxidation trend mainly on Calcaric Fluvisol and Planosol HA expressed by increase of oxygen content and O/C, O/H ratio was observed. Oxidation trends during monitoring period confirm also position of Calcaric Fluvisol and Planosol HA on van Krevelen diagram. Changes in optical parameter E1%6and content of carboxylic groups for the period of monitoring were negligible. Some changes throughout monitoring in 13C NMR parameters were recorded. On all observed HA considerable decrease of carbon in region 106-143 ppm, characteristic for aromatic and olefinic carbon with C-C, C-H bond, was observed. Spectroscopic parameters are in good agreement with elemental analysis and carboxylic groups. Joint relationships between changes in determined parameters are expressed by significant linear correlations. Predominantly between parameters calculated from 13C NMR spectra and data of elemental analysis and optical parameter E1%6highly significant linear correlations (R > 0.93) are found (Table 4). Keywords: monitoring, humic acids, elemental analysis, carboxylic acidity, 13C NMR Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 40-44 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4202-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4202-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200201-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:4202-PSE