Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Duffková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of rainfall and extensive use of grasslands on water regime Abstract: Water regimes of extensively used grasslands (one cut per year, two cuts per year, no cut, mulching) were determined and compared by drainage lysimeters in 1998-2000. Although the botanical composition and yields of experimental swards were different, there was no statistically significant difference in their water regime (only the soil moisture content of no-cut variant was significantly higher than in other variants). A determinant factor for the water regime of grasslands (GR) is the sum of rainfall over the growing season while the GR water regime is influenced by land use immediately after the cut. Water runoff from the soil profile 0.0-0.60 m (water supply to the groundwater level) was found to be negligible in the growing season, a substantial groundwater recharge occurs in an off-season period and/or at the beginning of growing season. Mulching was not proved to reduce evaporation. The best type of management providing for the economical water regime appears to be a one-cut variant. Relationships between botanical composition and GR water regime are also described. Keywords: water regime, grasslands, extensive land use, mulching Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 89-95 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4205-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4205-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4205-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Lichner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Čipáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Cadmium distribution coefficeints and Cd transport in structured soils Abstract: In the case of cadmium transport via soil macropores, the short-term duration of an interaction between the reactive solute in aqueous phase and soil, as well as cadmium precipitation or adsorption on particles < 10-5 m should be taken into account. Two distribution coefficients are proposed for predicting the cadmium transport in a structured soil: the matrix distribution coefficient Kdm, equal to the equilibrium distribution coefficient Kdeq and estimated using the conventional batch technique, and the macropore distribution coefficient KdM, estimated using the modified batch technique. It was found that the conventional approach (using the coefficient Kdeq only) would underestimate a penetration of the part of Cd transported in the macropores about 255-times in the loamy-sand soil in Kalinkovo, 20-times in the loam soil in Macov, and 122-times in the clay soil in Jurová in comparison with the approach proposed in this study. Keywords: cadmium, distribution coefficient, penetration, structured soil Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 96-100 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4206-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4206-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4206-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.A.H. Hasan Author-Workplace-Name: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt Title: Gibberellin and auxin production by plant root-fungi and their biosynthesis under salinity-calcium interaction Abstract: Rhizosphere and rhizoplane of fababean (Vicia faba), melochia (Corchorus olitorius), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and soyabean (Glycine max) plants are inhabited with fungi, mostly Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium corylophilum, P. cyclopium, P. funiculosum and Rhizopus stolonifer. All fungal species have the ability to produce gibberellin (GA) but F. oxysporum was found to produce both GA and indole-acetic acid (IAA). The optimum period for GA and IAA production by F. oxysporum was 10 days in the mycelium and 15 days in the filtrate at 28°C. The contents of GA and IAA were significantly increased at 0.5 and 1% NaCl after 5 days, but they were lowered at 4% (700 mM) NaCl. Cytochrome P-450 was significantly increased under salt stress at 0.5-7% NaCl. Calcium decreased NaCl stress on F. oxysporum by significant elevating GA biosynthesis at 40 mM Ca2+/700 mM Na+. GA at 10 µM and Ca2+ at 10 mM enhanced the germination of seeds under 175 mM Na+. Keywords: GA, IAA, cytochrome, fungi, calcium, salinity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 101-106 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4207-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4207-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4207-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Remešová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of metribuzin effects on potatoes using a method of very rapid fluorescence induction Abstract: Effects of increasing doses of the herbicidal preparation Sencor 70 WP (metribuzin a.i.) on selected potato varieties were studied in a field and pot experiments using very rapid fluorescence induction (vrFI). Tuber yield, and in pot experiments a tuber number and characteristics of the aboveground biomass were assessed. The curve of rapid induction goes through the O-J-I-P phases. The parameters Fo, Fv/Fp and rFj were measured. Based on changes in the vrFI parameters in comparison with controls, varieties were ranked according to sensitivity to metribuzin in field experiments. Keřkovské rohlíčky and Ukama were the most sensitive varieties and Impala the least sensitive variety. In pot experiments in the growth chamber, significant decrease in tuber weight vs controls was found in sensitive varieties Keřkovské rohlíčky (in 1998, 0.75 kg.ha-1 Sencor 70 WP decreased tuber weight by 28% and 1.5 kg.ha-1 by 89%) and Ukama (in 1997, at 1.5 kg.ha-1 by 35%). Under stable conditions in the growth chamber, there were lower differences in the rFj parameter in these varieties in comparison with controls than in resistant ones. Based on this finding it can be assumed that the sensitivity of varieties can be determined according to rFj changes under stable ambient conditions. Keywords: potatoes, metribuzin, chlorophyll fluorescence, tuber yield, aboveground biomass Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 107-117 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4208-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4208-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4208-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Butorac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: T. Filipan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: F. Bašić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: J. Butorac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Mesić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: I. Kisić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: Crop response to the application of special natural amendments based on zeolite tuff Abstract: The conception of these investigations is based on the premise that a way should be found to eliminate, or at least mitigate, the harmful effect of excessive soil acidity without resorting to the massive and costly measures of liming. The main issue addressed in this study is how to increase crop yield by increasing nutrient availability rather than how to neutralize the soil. This as well as our earlier investigations, conducted on pseudogley of mesoelevations, indicate that this can be achieved by the application of special natural amendments (SNA) based on zeolite tuff, under the name Agrarvital (AV), in which clinoptilolite prevails while the remaining part is a mixture of soft lithothamnian limestone and dolomite (SLL+D). These amendments enhance ion exchange in the soil and their activation at a considerably lower pH than it is the case after liming. Fertilizing value of Agrarvital (AV) and lime materials (LM) was evaluated according to the yields achieved and some yield components of the crops grown. The results point to the good fertilizing effect of AV upon yields of winter wheat, maize, soybean and winter barley, equal to or better than the effect of conventional LM applied at several times higher rates. Keywords: fertilizing value, special natural amendments, zeolite tuff, yield and yield components Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 118-124 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4210-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4210-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4210-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Šťastná Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Author-Name: M. Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Author-Name: J. Křen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Author-Name: M. Dubrovský Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Author-Name: Z. Žalud Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Title: Evaluation of the CERES models in different production regions of the Czech Republic Abstract: The main goal of this work was to calibrate and evaluate the CERES-Barley and CERES-Wheat crop models. The experimental fields used for the model evaluation are situated in three different production regions (maize, sugar beet and potato main growing regions, respectively) with altitudes of 179, 204 and 560 meters above the sea level. Grain yield and date of anthesis together with maturity dates served as reference for the model evaluation. Two evaluation approaches were tested in this study. The first one uses historical data series and it is based on long-term field experiments with capability to reflect interannual weather variability. The second approach uses results of one-year multiple treatment experiment. The model evaluation is then based on a set of treatments differing e.g. in sowing date or an amount of used nitrogen fertilizer. Grain yields simulated by both models are acceptable when compared with experimental results: the coefficient of determination for historical series varied from 0.69 to 0.86 for evaluation of CERES-Barley at the three examined sites and reached values of 0.60 and 0.86 for the CERES-Wheat model at two experimental sites. The lower coefficient of determination of the wheat model was recorded at the locality with the highest altitude and coldest winter conditions. There, also the worst reliability of simulated phenological development was noted. At the second locality where the CERES-Wheat model was tested and at all three localities where CERES-Barley was applied, the simulated duration of vegetation period and anthesis dates were relatively accurate and yielded strong statistical correlation. The one-year multiple treatment experiment proved to be useful to determine the models sensitivity to differences in crop management. The combination of both approaches seems to be the best solution for evaluation of similar crop models if the detail long term experimental data are not available. Keywords: spring barley, winter wheat, crop model, model evaluation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 125-132 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4209-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4209-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4209-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Butorac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Mesić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: T. Filipan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: J. Butorac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: F. Bašić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: I. Kisić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: The influence of special natural amendments based on zeolite tuff and different lime materials on some soil chemical properties Abstract: This paper deals with the changes in soil active acidity, mobile aluminium, base saturation, iron and manganese under the influence of quicklime (QL), mixture of soft lithothamnian limestone (SLL) and dolomite (D), and special natural amendments (SNA) based on zeolite tuff. Investigations were carried out on pseudogley of mesoelevations, dystric. The four-year trial was set up according to the Latin rectangle method with 18 trial treatments in four replications. While SNA based on zeolite tuff had little effect on changes of the studied parameters, traditional lime materials (LM), owing also to the fact that they were applied at several times higher rates, had a very positive effect. Soil acidity, iron and manganese were reduced under their influence, mobile aluminium, particularly under their higher rate, was fully blocked or reduced within tolerable limits, and base saturation was raised to a satisfactory level. Effects of SNA depended on the ratio of zeolite tuff and the lime component in them. It could be presupposed that their main efficiency happened in the domain of ion exchange with a positive impact on soil fertility. Keywords: lime material, special natural amendments, zeolite tuff, Agrarvital, soil chemical properties Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 133-139 Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4211-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4211-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200203-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:3:id:4211-PSE