Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Podlešáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Critical values of trace elements in soils from the viewpoint of the transfer pathway soil - plant Abstract: The development of soil limiting values of the protection of the quantity and mainly quality of the crop production tends from empiric values towards critical values, based on ecotoxicity. We present an attempt to derive transfer functions by the means of multiple regression analysis. The substitution of trace elements contents in crops in the prediction equations for fodder or food standards or phytotoxicity limits satisfies the present ecotoxicological demands. We preferred polyfactor relations to simple ones. The exceeding of reference values must be verified by the determination of the hazardous transfer in the field. Therefore the reference values are called testing values. They were derived especially for Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn. For some trace elements, only protective values can be set up (especially for Cr, Hg, but also for Tl, Be, V). They reflect minimum values that guarantee growing crops without any risks. Experimental data (pot trials) were compared with results obtained in field investigations. The resulting critical values were also compared with the values proposed in Germany. Keywords: trace elements, protection of crop quality and quantity, critical soil reference values Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 193-202 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4224-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4224-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4224-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Lichner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: N. Babejová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L.W. Dekker Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of kaolinite and drying temperature on the persistence of soil water repellency induced by humic acids Abstract: The effects of kaolinite additions and drying temperature on the persistence of soil water repellency, induced by humic acids from peat, were assessed in this study. It was found that additions of 5 and 10% kaolinite (referred to as the most effective material in combating the water repellency) did not result unambiguously in a decrease of the persistence of water repellency. In case of the higher humic acids contents, an increase of the persistence of water repellency was even noticed in comparison with the samples without kaolinite. Establishment (re-establishment) of water repellency was observed for the samples wetted to 30% after drying at temperatures of 30, 60°C (in both cases 36 of the 48 samples containing humic acids became water repellent) and after drying at 210°C (a few samples with the higher humic acids contents became slightly water repellent). Keywords: water repellency, humic acids, kaolinite Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 203-207 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4225-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4225-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4225-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Vrkoč Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vach Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Veleta Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Title: Influence of different cultivation factors on the yield structure and on changes of soil properties Abstract: The monitoring was carried on in the years 1996-2000 in the polyfactorial P-A field trial in Lukavec, Pelhřimov district. The given locality is characterized by low fertility sandy-loamy cambisoils, by long-term average annual rainfall of 653 mm, by average annual temperature of 7°C and its altitude is 620 m. The field trial included different organic fertilizations; graduate N-doses, different soil tillage as well as different forecrops. It manifested in this group of field trials that the forecrop value of red clover and dung manured potatoes before winter wheat was practically the same in the given locality. The optimal N dose for potato yields was about 80 kg N.ha-1. In oats the yields after red clover with using the Horsch system in spring were significantly lower than after embedding of red clover in autumn. In cereals, graduated N doses increased the numbers of ears (panicles) per m2, but the mass of 1000 grains often decreased. In addition, N content in grain and straw increased with N doses, while pH annually decreased by 0.1 to 0.4. Keywords: winter wheat, winter barley, oats, potatoes, different organic fertilization, graduated N doses, structure and quality of yields, crop and soil analyses Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 208-211 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4227-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4227-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4227-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Vrkoč Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vach Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Veleta Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Košner Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Title: Influence of different organic mineral fertilization on the yield structure and on changes of soil properties Abstract: The monitoring was carried on in the years 1996-2000 in the international IOSDV (Internationale Ökologische Stickstoff Dauer Versuche) field trial running since 1983 in Lukavec, Pelhřimov district. In the given locality, there are low fertility sandy-loamy cambisoils, long-term average annual rainfall 653 mm, average annual temperature 7°C, altitude 620 m. In the field trials there were introduced different organic fertilizations and graduate N-doses. According to the complex diffusion analysis, statistically significant for the yields of winter wheat after potatoes was the impact of N fertilization, years, and double interactions, with the exception of different organic fertilization. The N doses up to 120 kg.ha-1 after potatoes proved to be optimal from the viewpoint of winter wheat yields and quality. The situation was similar for winter barley. The results of diffusion analysis for individual years were analogical also in straw yields of both cereals. The highest N dose to potatoes (200 kg.ha-1) resulted in the highest tuber yields, but the starch content was significantly lower. Graduated N doses increased in cereals the numbers of ears per m2, but the mass of 1000 grains mostly decreased. In addition, N content in grain and straw increased with N doses, while pH annually decreased by 0.1 to 0.4. On plots without organic fertilization the N-balance was equilibrated with the annual application of 120 kg N.ha-1 with straw embedding after cereals at 90 kg N.ha-1 and on plots with stall dung to potatoes already at 70 kg N.ha-1. On plots without N fertilization, the balance was passive also in P and K on plots without organic fertilization. A balance surplus was obtained already with the annual application of 15 kg P.ha-1 and 83 kg K.ha-1 and organic fertilization. With the annual fertilization with 22 kg P.ha-1 and 83 kg K.ha-1 and stall dung (30 t.ha-1) once every three years the P and K content increased annually by 1 to 3 mg.kg-1 of soil. Maximum levels of crop growing profitability were obtained with those doses of fertilizers with which also an equilibrated balance of nutrients was obtained. Keywords: winter wheat, winter barley, potatoes, different organic fertilization, graduated N doses, structure and quality of yields, crop and soil analyses Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 212-216 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4228-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4228-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4228-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.H. Czembor Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute IHAR, Radzików, Poland Author-Name: H.J. Czembor Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute IHAR, Radzików, Poland Title: Selections from barley landrace collected in Libya as new sources of effective resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) Abstract: Powdery mildew on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Because agronomical methods to control the disease are not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance are needed. Therefore, there is a need to describe new sources of genes that confer resistance to barley powdery mildew. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in three selections 995-1-1, 995-1-2, 995-1-3 from barley landrace 995 (ICB 112840) collected in Al Aziziyah district, Tripolitania, Libya. Landrace originated from InternationalCenter for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. To determine the number of genes, the types of genes action and the gene loci in tested lines two types of crosses were made: (1) the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Pallas, (2) the lines were crossed with Pallas isoline P22 carrying gene mlo5. The parents and progeny F2 were evaluated with isolate R303.1 for the powdery mildew resistance. Based on segregation ratios we found that resistance in these three selections was determined by a single recessive gene allelic to the Mlo locus occurring in Pallas isoline P22. In addition tested lines showed resistance reaction type 0(4) characteristic only for genes mlo. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programs and barley production is discussed. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, Blumeria graminis, barley landraces, Mlo resistance, powdery mildew Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 217-223 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4229-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4229-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4229-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Moravcová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kleinová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Loučka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The determination of coumestrol in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by capillary electrophoresis Abstract: High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) on an uncoated fused-silica capillary column using a borate buffer at pH 9.2 as electrolyte and diode-array detection was developed for the determination of coumestrol in alfalfa. The linear detector response was established in the concentration range 0.76-140 mg.dm-3, the minimum detectable limit was 0.39 mg.dm-3, and migration time of coumestrol was 5 min. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthin was used as an internal standard. Coumestrol was isolated by acid extraction employing a mixture hydrochloric acid-acetonitrile at 95°C for 30 min followed by solid phase extraction. Relative standard deviations of reproducibility and repeatability were 1.77% and 5.49%, respectively. Spiking recovery value of 92% was achieved. Alfalfa, variety Morava, contains 148-248 mg.kg-1 coumestrol in dry matter. The proposed method is useful for routine analyses. Keywords: phytoestrogens, alfalfa, plant analysis, animal feed Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 224-229 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4230-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4230-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4230-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Sabo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food Technology, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Bede Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food Technology, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: Ž.u. Hardi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food Technology, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia Title: Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Abstract: Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (e.g. Lara, Lenta, Kruna, Fiesta, Perla, and one line of AG-45) was examined. The analysis of grain yield components of these genotypes and the line was undertaken in a two-year research (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) at two different locations. Significant differences among genotypes, locations and research years were established. In the first experimental year (1997/1998) there was a high positive correlation between nearly all components of the grain yield. The most significant correlation was found between the grain number per spike and grain yield. In the second experimental year (1998/1999) the components did not show statistically significant correlation with the grain yield. It seems that the grain yield of examined genotypes depended significantly on the grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, and agroecological conditions during the vegetation period, whereby the potential yield was determined by the interaction among genotypes, location and production year. The biggest differences among examined genotypes of winter wheat were found in the stem height and spike length. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., genotype, components grain yield, stem, spike, grain, biological yield, agriculture yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 230-235 Volume: 48 Issue: 5 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4231-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4231-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200205-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:5:id:4231-PSE