Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Petr Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štolcová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Physiological nature of overwintering oats forms Abstract: We evaluated the need for low temperatures (vernalization) and the photoperiodic reaction of three collections of winter oats (1. Pedarn, Maris Quest, Peniarth; 2. Gerald, Solva, Kymon, Pendragon; 3. Pewi, Silwi, Wiskas) in a comparison with spring oats varieties. All three collections of varieties showed little need for low temperatures, mostly as few as 10-20 days, which does not represent an obligatory need; this influence is only quantitative and constitutes no precondition for a passage of plants into the generative stage. Only in the case of the Maris Quest variety, the need for vernalization approached 30 days. As compared with the reaction of winter barley varieties that had and in some cases still have worse overwintering in the Czech Republic, the length of vernalization is equal. In the photoperiodic experiment, the reaction to a short autumn day turned out to be the critical condition for a possibility of autumn sowing and overwintering; in the case of these varieties, a short day inhibits the development until arrival of winter. We evaluated this reaction according to the length of the induction period. This period was only 10-15 days in the case of the spring oats Český žlutý, 30 days in the case of winter oats Maris Quest, 25 days for Pedarn, 20 days for Peniarth and 21 days for Pendra-gon; the induction period was 14-21 days in the case of varieties Gerald, Kymon and Solva. When compared with figures for winter barley, it had the longer photoperiodic induction period. The evaluated varieties of winter oats do not reach such a degree of a reaction to a short day, which manifests itself in their lower frosthardiness than that of winter barley. We verified that in provoking tests for frosthardiness, and also by lower critical values of temperatures for dying out of 50% of plants, the so-called LT 50. Keywords: oat Avena sativa L., winter oats varieties, overwintering, vernalization, photoperiodic reaction Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 285-292 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4371-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4371-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4371-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Hosnedl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Honsová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Barley seed sensitivity to water stress at germination stage Abstract: Barley seed sensitivity to water and anoxia was tested. Standard germination, mean time of germination (MTG), germination in sand wetted by water to 100% water capacity (anoxia) or by hydrogen peroxide (wet conditions without anoxia), germination in 0.75% hydrogen peroxide and laboratory emergence (15 and 20°C) were evaluated. Barley seed responds sensitively to stress conditions during germination. Significant germination decrease was found in abundance of water. Percentage of reduction depends on the variety and on the year of seed production. Extreme values of water sensitivity are in interval 4-90%. At wetted sand by 0.75%, solution of H2O2 the germination was significantly less reduced. That means that barley seed is very sensitive to oxygen deficiency above all and is less injured by quick imbibition. Heterogeneity in seed vigour was demonstrated in laboratory emergence tests. Quick test of germination in 0.75% hydrogen peroxide deserves attention for its high correlation coefficient with the seed laboratory emergence. The results significantly demonstrate a higher sensitivity of deteriorated seed to germination in abiotic stresses conditions. Variability in speed of germination is increasing, which unfavourably extends the mean time of germination. Keywords: barley, seed, vigour, germination, laboratory emergence, stress conditions, anoxia, sensitivity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 293-297 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4370-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4370-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4370-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Jůzl Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štefl Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of leaf area index on potatoes yield in soils contaminated by some heavy metals Abstract: A method of growth analysis was used to evaluate the yield results in experiments conducted during years 1999-2001 on School co-operative farm in Žabčice. In sequential terms of sampling from two potato varieties with different duration of growing season, the effect of leaf area index (L, LAI), on yield of tubers in soils contaminated by cadmium, arsine and beryllium, was evaluated. From a growers view the phytotoxic influence on development of assimilatory apparatus and yields during the growth of a very-early variety Rosara and a medium-early Korela were evaluated. These varieties were grown under field conditions in soils contaminated by graded levels of cadmium, arsenic and beryllium. The yields of tubers were positively influenced by duration of growing season and increased of leaf area index during three experimental years. On the contrary, graded levels of heavy metals had negative influence on both chosen varieties. The highest phytotoxic influence was recorded of arsine and the lowest of cadmium. Significant influence of arsenic and beryllium on size of leaf area index in the highest applied variants was found. The influence of experimental years on tuber yields was also statistically significant. Keywords: growth analysis, leaf area index, tuber yield, duration of growing season, varieties, heavy metals, terms of sampling Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 298-306 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4369-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4369-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4369-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Strašil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Vorlíček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Title: The effect of nitrogen fertilization, sowing rates and site on yields and yield components of selected varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Abstract: Field trials were conducted at two sites Troubsko near Brno and Prague-Ruzyně in 1996-1999 with three varieties of safflower (Gila, CW-74, Sironaria). Three rates of nitrogen fertilization were used: N0 = no fertilization, N1 = 40 kg/ha, N2 = 80 kg/ha. Sowing rates were 50 and 70 germinable seeds per m2. The average values of oil content were highest in seeds of CW-74 variety (27.2%). Gila had on average the lowest oil content (24.5%). Linoleic acid was dominant in all three safflower varieties. Variation in content of linoleic acid in different years was not so high as in oil content. The highest average content of linoleic acid was found in Gila variety (81.2%), the lowest in Sironaria (77.4%). At Ruzyně average seed yield on dry basis was 2.7 t/ha and average straw yield was 7.56 t/ha. At Troubsko seed yield was 2.56 t/ha and straw yield was 3.69 t/ha (by 50% lower than at Ruzyně). The effect of year of growing and site on seed yields and on other parameters was highly significant. N fertilization increased safflower seed yield at Troubsko site only, where the dose of 40 kg/ha N increased the yield by 0.08 t/ha on average of years and the dose of 80 kg/ha N increased the seed yield by 0.2 t/ha in comparison with no nitrogen fertilization treatments. Increased N rates and especially higher plant density resulted in an increase in straw yields. Neither were thousand seed weight nor number of flower heads influenced significantly by different N rates or the above-mentioned differences in plant density. Keywords: safflower, N fertilization, sowing rate, yields, yield structure Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 307-311 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4368-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4368-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4368-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hashem Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Author-Name: A.M. Hamada Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Title: Induction of resistance to root rot disease of wheat grown under field condition Abstract: Four compounds namely Fenor (F-760), Strom, salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin (B1) were tested against root rot disease of wheat under field condition. Wheat grains were soaked in these compounds for 6 h before sowing. Mean disease rating, disease appearance, and distribution of disease were estimated as parameters of disease severity. All tested compounds significantly reduced the root rot of wheat severity during seedling, flowering and ripening stages. Fresh and dry weights were also affected by application of these compounds. Water maintenance capacity in all stages was increased as a result of seed treatments by the above-mentioned compounds. Crop yield and parameters of spikes and grains were significantly improved. These results were discussed and analyzed statistically using LSD test. Keywords: biological control, disease resistance, Fenor, Strom, salicylic acid, thiamin, root rot, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 312-317 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4372-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4372-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4372-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Patzak Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Nesvadba Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: Identification of sex in F1 progenies of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) by molecular marker Abstract: Sex identification for hop (Humulus lupulus L.), which is a dioecious plant, is very important for breeding process. The use of molecular methods for marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides rapid and reliable identification of sex in F1 progenies. In the first, we proved the use of specific PCR molecular marker for evaluation of sex in selected plants. This marker was not amplified in 3 from 35 male plants. In the next, we successfully analysed 770 genotypes of F1 progenies of three crossings. The amplified differences were found in 4 male plants of crossing Sm01 H28, 8 male plants of crossing Sm01 H29 and 5 female plants of crossing Sm00 H20. Statistic analysis confirmed that sex ratios of all F1 progenies were significantly coincident. Obtained results confirmed that this specific PCR marker successfully identified sex of juvenile hop plants in F1 progenies and effectively improved breeding process. Keywords: PCR, marker-assisted selection (MAS) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 318-321 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4367-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4367-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4367-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Neruda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Studies, University J.E. Purkynì in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Neruda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Studies, University J.E. Purkynì in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: To contemplate quantitative and qualitative water features by neural networks method Abstract: An application deals with calibration of neural model and Fourier series model for Ploučnice catchment. This approach has an advantage, that the network choice is independent of other example's parameters. Each networks, and their variants (different units and hidden layer number) can be connected in as a black box and tested independently. A Stuttgart neural simulator SNNS and a multiagent hybrid system Bang2 developed in Institute of Computer Science, AS CR have been used for testing. A perceptron network has been constructed, which was trained by back propagation method improved with a momentum term. The network is capable of an accurate forecast of the next day runoff based on the runoff and rainfall values from previous day. Keywords: rainfall-runoff models, Ploučnice river catchment, applications of artificial neural networks, water quality Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 322-326 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4375-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4375-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4375-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Èeská zemìdìlská univerzita v Praze, Èeská republika Title: Jednotná klasifikace půd Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 327-328 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4373-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4373-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200207-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:7:id:4373-PSE