Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Valla Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Donátová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Vulnerability of soil aggregates in relation to soil properties Abstract: Stability of soil structure represents an indicator of soil quality. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of soil properties on structure vulnerability in an Orthic Luvisol. The aggregates were most vulnerable to fast wetting (mean Kv1 = 9.99, i.e. this effect can decrease the aggregate size 9.99 times). Lower destruction was caused by slow wetting and drying (Kv2 = 3.70) and mechanical forces (Kv3 = 1.67). Fine silt (particles of 0.002-0.01 mm) was the most important soil characteristic decreasing aggregate vulnerability (r = -0.334, -0.248, and -0.393 for Kv1, Kv2, and Kv3, respectively). Silt (0.01-0.05 mm) increased vulnerability to fast wetting (r = 0.318). Very fine sand (0.05-0.1 mm) increased vulnerability to mechanical impacts (r = 0.307). Organic carbon decreased vulnerability only slightly. Humus quality was rather related to porosity. Higher moisture of samples in time of collection increased aggregate vulnerability. Multiple regression, used for description of the effect of basic soil properties, provided the best model for Kv1 (R2 = 27.45%), the poorest for Kv2 (R2 = 7.23%). Keywords: soil structure, aggregate vulnerability, porosity, soil moisture, soil texture, organic matter Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 329-334 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4376-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4376-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4376-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Podlešáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Poláček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Immobilisation of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in agricultural soils by the use of organic and inorganic additives Abstract: The efficiency of the application of organic and inorganic additives on the reduction of mobility and transfer of As, Cd, Pb and Zn from the soil into the plants was observed. The dung, compost, acid peat and muck presented organic additives. Synthetic zeolite - type Pc of cubic structure, loamy shale and dolomite limestone presented inorganic additives. Five soil types were used during the testing (arenic regosol, typic cambisol, dystric cambisol, typic chernozem and typic fluvisol). The changeover of the mobility of As, Cd, Pb a Zn in the soil (the ratio of mobile and total contents, sequential analysis) and the transfer of the elements from the soil into the plants (the vegetables, cereals and fodder plants) were investigated. The results showed the primary importance of the soil pH value on the behaviour of potentially toxic elements and their intake by the plants. The efficiency of the use of organic additives strongly depended on the quality of the organic matter. Inorganic additives on the base of the sorbents worked in the case of mobile hazardous elements (Cd, Zn). The efficiency of the soil additives was strongly influenced by the soil type. Keywords: hazardous elements, soil remediation, immobilization, soil additives, the dung, the compost, acid peat, the muck, synthetic zeolite, loamy shale, dolomite limestone Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 335-342 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4377-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4377-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4377-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Patzak Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: Characterization of Czech hop (Humulus lupulus L.) genotypes by molecular methods Abstract: In the last year, new hybrid hop (Humulus lupulus L.) variety Agnus was released for cultivation in the Czech Republic. It has been necessary to prepare the quality system of Agnus identification from other Czech genotypes and characterise the germplasm of this variety by molecular methods. We proved that utilization of five STS primer combinations successfully and completely identified and determined Czech released varieties and new promising breeding materials. The use of STS method was also very effective and sensitive for control of authenticity and purity of variety Agnus in multipropagation cycle. The study of genetic diversity of 61 hop varieties by RAPD, STS, ISSR and AFLP methods confirmed, that germplasm of variety Agnus has ranked among high-alfa varieties. The results can be successfully used for identification, germplasm management, genetic studies and breeding purposes by breeders, multipropagators and hop growers. Keywords: DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, STS, ISSR, AFLP, genetic diversity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 343-350 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4378-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4378-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4378-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Bavec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Author-Name: S. Pušnik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Author-Name: I. Rajčan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Title: Yield performance of two buckwheat genotypes grown as a full-season and stubble-crop Abstract: Traditional way of growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) in Slovenia is stubble-crop production, but grown as a full-season crop it yields more. Genotypes that are adapted to stubble-crop system may not necessarily be the best adapted for the full-season crop. The objective of this study was to determine yield performance of two buckwheat genotypes under stubble-crop and full-season production system. The experiments (randomised block design) were conducted in Podravje region with two common determinant buckwheat genotypes (land race population and cultivar Darja) in 1997 and 1998. Buckwheat grown as a full-season crop had a greater leaf area index, more flower clusters, more developed seeds and 42% higher yield than the stubble-crop buckwheat. Although cultivar Darja had 10% less flower clusters than the land race population, the number of flowers and the number of developed grains were higher. The 35% higher grain yield of cultivar Darja was associated with larger leaf area index than land race population (4.0 vs. 2.3). Cultivar Darja outperformed the land race population under full-season crop production, whereas the yield difference between the two varieties was not significant under the stubble-crop production. These results suggest that the best yielding buckwheat genotypes should be determined separately for stubble-crop and/or full-season production system. Keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum, genotype, production system, leaf area index, yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 351-355 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4379-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4379-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4379-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Milić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Author-Name: N. Mrkovački Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Author-Name: M. Popović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Author-Name: Đ. Malenčić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Title: Nodule efficiency of three soybean genotypes inoculated by different methods Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate how the inoculation of soybean seed (variety Afrodita, and lines NS-L-2016 and NS-L-300168) with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1, 1a, 2b), Azotobacter chroococcum (3, 13, 14), and GA3 (gibberellic acid) affected plant dry weight, nitrogen content of nodules and whole plant, the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation (NR, GS) and soluble protein content. The highest dry matter mass and nitrogen content were found in the variety Afrodita, followed by line NS-L-300168. The GS and NR activity was increased significantly by all three inoculation treatments relative to the control. In all three genotypes, the highest values for the enzymatic activity were achieved with treatment mixture of B. japonicum and A. chroococcum strains. Each measurement was performed with three replications. The results were processed using variance analysis and the values were tested with the LSD at 5%. Keywords: soybean, inoculation, nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), soluble protein content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 356-360 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4380-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4380-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4380-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Jamriška Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: The effect of undersowing time of clover crops and weeds on silage maize yields Abstract: In field experiments conducted on loamy luvic chernozem (170 m altitude, 48°34' N 17°45' E), the effects of undersowing time (5 days after maize was sown and into emerged stand) of lucerne, red clover and sainfoin on silage maize dry matter have been studied. The total dry matter yields were affected by time of undersowing of clover crops. The stands undersown after emergence of maize gave higher yields than former time of undersowing. The late time of undersowing improved conditions for growth of maize and formation of its yield. The number of maize plants had already insignificant effect on yields there. The dry matter weight, height, and number of maize plants and dry matter weight of weeds were main factors of formation of the total yield. The depressive effect of weeds on total yields was applied indirectly particularly through the decrease in the dry matter weight of maize plants. The path analysis in spite of the insignificant effect of clover crops undersown on total yields indicated some differences in the formation of yield. The number of maize plants reached the significant level of effect on yield only at stands with red clover undersown. On the contrary, the negative correlation of weeds dry matter weight with the number of maize plants reached level of significance in stands with lucerne undersown only. Keywords: silage maize, time of undersowing of clover crops, weeds, effect on the yield Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 361-367 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4381-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4381-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4381-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tejaswini Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India Title: Male gametophytic generation and a possible approach for selective pollination in carnation (Dianthus) breeding program Abstract: Present study focuses on making best possible use of male gametophytic generation in carnation breeding program. Exploration of pollen population revealed the existence of variability in terms of pollen morphology and histochemical content among as well as within varieties and species of Dianthus caryophyllus and D. chinensis sufficient to make selection. Pollen grain size and histochemical content were found to be associated with germination capacity and pollen tube growth rate. In addition, pollen germination capacity and elongation of pollen tube in response to presence of culture filtrate from F. oxysporum. f.sp. dianthi causal organism of fusarium wilt in carnation was found to be governed by pollen grain size and histochemical content of pollen grains. Entire result suggests the possibility of selecting the desired pollen grains from a pollen population and possibility of attempting selective pollination in carnation breeding program. Keywords: carnation, pollen, Fusarium oxysporum, Dianthus chinensis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 368-375 Volume: 48 Issue: 8 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4382-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4382-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200208-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:8:id:4382-PSE