Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Donátová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Spatial distribution and correlation of soil properties in a field: a case study Abstract: Analysis of spatial distribution and correlation of soil properties represents an important outset for precision agriculture. This paper presents an analysis of spatial distribution and mutual correlations, both classical and spatial, of soil properties in an agricultural field in Klučov. Clay and fine silt content, pH, organic carbon content (Corg), moisture (Q), total porosity (Pt), capillary porosity (Pc), and coefficients of aggregate vulnerability to fast wetting (Kv1), to slow wetting and drying (Kv2), and to mechanical impacts (Kv3) were determined. Semivariogram ranges from 206 m (clay content) to 1120 m (Kv3) were detected. Many relationships between soil properties were spatially based. Fine silt content and Corg proved to be the most important soil properties controlling all the three aggregate vulnerability coefficients, which was not clear for Kv2 from classical correlation only. Determined spatial correlations and similarities in spatial distribution may serve as groundwork in delineation of different zones for site-specific management. Keywords: soil heterogeneity, spatial distribution, spatial correlation, soil structure vulnerability, precision agriculture Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 425-432 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4391-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4391-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4391-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matula Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzynì, Czech Republic Title: Sulfur and sulfate concentrations in leaves of oilseed rape under field conditions Abstract: In 1999-2001 sulfur and sulfate concentrations were studied in expanded young leaves of rapes of the line variety Lirajet and hybrid variety Pronto at the onset of stem elongation (DC 30), flowering (DC 64) and early maturity (DC 70) in different localities of the Czech Republic. Except the S-deficient site the concentration of total sulfur and sulfates in leaves considerably increased in higher growth stages. A less steep increase in S concentration in leaves was associated with rather humid growing season, especially with April precipitation. Great time variations in sulfur concentrations in leaves signal a possibility of diagnostic misinterpretation of plant analysis without exact definition of growth stage. The shape of trend of variations in S concentration in leaves indicates the S nutritive state of the site and the intensity of upward transport of sulfates with soil moisture in the crop nutrition with sulfur. Good yields of rapeseed were connected with minimum concentration of total sulfur 0.5%, and sulfate sulfur 0.2% in leaf dry matter at DC 30. The proportion of sulfates in total concentration of sulfur in rape leaves ranged from 30 to 60% at the onset of stem extension and it increased in higher phenophases. At flowering, sulfates accounted for 80% and more at sites where sulfate uptake from the soil environment was not problematic. Besides the S-soil test, the results of investigations indicate the importance of CEC value of soil for the preventive diagnosis of S-nutrient state of the site. Keywords: winter rape, growth stages, expanded young leaves, sulfur, sulfates Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 433-440 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4392-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4392-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4392-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Podlešáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Geochemical and anthropogenic soil loads by potentially risky elements Abstract: The differentiation between anthropogenic and geogenic loads of the soils by potentially risky elements was observed. The collection of soil horizon samples from 21 localities with different anthropogenic loads (imission fall-outs, floods, historical mining) and geogenic loads (lithogenic, chalcogenic) was composed. The soil characteristics (pH, Cox), total content of 13 potentially risky elements, content of potentially risky elements in the extract of 2M HNO3, 1M NH4NO3 (mobile forms) and 0.025M EDTA (potentially mobilizable forms) were detected. The solubility as the ratio of total content and the content of risky elements in the other extracts was calculated. The differences between the solubility for each risky element and for each type of the load were determined. It was concluded that the highest solubility was determined in the fluvisols contaminated by the floods and in the soils contaminated by imission fall-outs. Significantly lower solubility of potentially risky elements was determined in the soils with geogenic loads. The efficiency of the used extracts for the differentiation of the soil load was assessed (2M HNO3, 0.025M EDTA). The types of geogenic loads were characterised in the extent of used soil collection. Geochemically anomalous parent materials and soil types developed on these parent materials were described. Keywords: potentially risky elements, geogenic and anthropogenic soil loads, solubility of risky elements Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 441-447 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4393-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4393-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4393-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Prùhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Dubský Author-Workplace-Name: The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Prùhonice, Czech Republic Title: Influence of fertilization application and growing substrate on container-grown woody ornamentals Abstract: Five fertilization systems and seven types of growing substrates were tested with two woody plant species with different nutritional demands (Thuja occidentalis, Pyracantha coccinea) grown in two-litre containers. The experiment was repeated in two vegetative seasons. Application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was proved the most reliable; it gave good or at least average results in dependence on used growing substrates. Significant differences between application of CRF and other fertilization systems were with Pyracantha plants. System using slow release fertilizer with additional nitrogen fertilizing also showed good results. Systems based only on liquid feeding were less reliable, with some substrates they showed very good results; with others (peat substrate, peat bark substrates with wood components) they were bad. Similar results were achieved with top dressing of granulated fertilizer. Evaluating the substrates good results were obtained by using mixtures of peat with components with higher content of nutrients - peat bark substrates, peat bark substrates with compost and non-peat mixtures of composted bark, wood fibres and compost. Significant differences between these types of substrates and peat one or peat bark substrate with wood components were both with Thuja plants and especially with Pyracantha plants, which have higher demand for nutrients. The experiments showed that peat based substrates amended with alternative components or non-peat substrates can bring better results than the peat ones. Keywords: organic substrates, peat, alternative components, fertilization systems, growth response, Thuja occidentalis, Pyracantha coccinea Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 448-457 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4394-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4394-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4394-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Rychcik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: K. Zawiślak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Yields and root technological quality of sugar beet grown in crop rotation and long-term monoculture Abstract: The paper presents the findings of 6-year (1993-1998) investigations obtained in the field static experiment continued since 1967. This experiment concerned the estimation of the crop yield and its structure, and root technological quality under the conditions of crop rotation and extreme shortening of the rotation, i.e. monoculture. Investigations have proved that under agroclimatic conditions of north-eastern Poland it is possible to obtain 60 t of roots per ha in a naturally correct crop rotation, while in a long-term monoculture - 33 t, and 36 t and 19 t of top, respectively. The differences in monoculture crops occurred as a result of a plant loss during germination by 5.6%, and a smaller unit weight per root by 41.6%. The applied procedures of plant protection by herbicides and fungicides improved the root and top crop and favored the maintenance of plant density. A lowering of saccharose content in roots from 15.7% in the crop rotation to 15.0% in monoculture was recorded, and of sugar yield in the technological process from 13.0 to 12.3%, respectively. A high white sugar yield was obtained in crop rotation - 7.89 t per ha, while in monoculture it was only 4.06 t, i.e. 48.5% less. Keywords: sugar beet, long-term experiment, crop rotation, monoculture, chemical protection, root yield, white sugar yield, molasses forming substances Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 458-462 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4395-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4395-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4395-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Čeh Brežnik Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: I. Šantavec Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: A. Tajnšek Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Management system and mineral nitrogen rate impact on the barley grain composition and its nutritional value for ruminants Abstract: Many factors, most notably climate, soil, genotype and fertilising, can influence barley grain composition and its nutritive value. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of mineral N rate in different management systems in the static long-term experiment with three years field rotation of grain maize, wheat and barley on the chemical composition of winter barley and its nutritive value for ruminants. Crude protein content and metabolizable crude protein content were increasing with increased mineral N rates. Higher yield meant lower crude protein and metabolizable crude protein content in all mineral N rates. The average crude protein content of barley grain, presented in DLG tables (1997), which is 12.4%, was in MM and SM reached by fertilising rate 110 kg N/ha. A significant impact of mineral N fertilising on crude ash, ether extract and crude fibre content could not be confirmed, nitrogen-free extract content was decreasing with increased mineral N rates. A significant impact of the management system on the Weende analysis parameters, net energy for lactation, metabolizable energy and metabolizable crude protein could not be confirmed. At both analyses a significant impact of the season was confirmed on crude protein content and nitrogen-free extract content. Although the protein content was increasing with increased mineral N rate from 9.2-14.2% (for 35%) ME content and NEL content did not significantly differ considering mineral N rate; ME/ha and NEL/ha increasing with increased mineral N rates was the result of the yield increasing with increased mineral N rates. Keywords: winter barley, nutritional value, ruminants, Weende analysis, chemical composition, protein content Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 463-470 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4396-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4396-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4396-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Henselová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Lux Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Masarovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of growth regulators on rooting cuttings of Karwinskia species under in vivo conditions Abstract: Effect of the growth regulators Atonik, Rastim 30 DKV, Stimulator AS 1, and Stimulax III on rooting of half-woody shoots of the species Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem et Schut) Zucc. and Karwinskia parvifolia Rose was studied. Rooting does not occur without stimulation in these species, after stimulation rhizogenesis takes 14 to 16 weeks. Growth regulators, with the exception of the preparation Atonik, showed a significantly stimulating effect on rhizogenesis, and effect of them declined in the order Stimulax III, Stimulator AS, and Rastim 30 DKV. The percentage of rooting in the species Karwinskia humboldtiana was higher than that in Karwinskia parvifolia and this was dependent on the age of the plants, the type of stimulator, cutting, substrate, and conditions of cultivation. Keywords: Karwinskia humboldtiana, Karwinskia parvifolia, plant growth regulators, rooting, cuttings Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 471-476 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4397-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4397-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200210-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:4397-PSE