Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Fajkus Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Novotná Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Ptáček Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of chromosome termini in potato varieties Abstract: Chromosomes of potato (Solanum tuberosum) are terminated by telomeres, which are formed by tandemly repeated [TTTAGGG]n oligonucleotide sequence. The total length of blocks of telomeric DNA has been known to vary largely among plant species and their varieties, and also among individual chromosome arms within a single nucleus. To check for such differences in potato varieties, which could be of a possible use in genotyping, we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of terminal restriction fragments in selected potato varieties. We found a typical range of telomere lengths of 20-60 kb in most analysed varieties. In one of analysed varieties (Monalisa), telomeres of wider span (up to 80 kb) have been observed. Most of restriction enzymes (PvuII, HaeIII, TaqI) produced a resulting smeared hybridisation pattern of telomeres. When using BglII, however, a doublet hybridisation band could be observed. This may reflect differences in composition of telomere-associated sequences at different chromosome ends. Keywords: plant chromosomes, telomere length, potato varieties, terminal restriction fragments Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 477-479 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4398-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4398-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4398-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Segregation of DNA markers of potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) resistance against Ro1 pathotype Globodera rostochiensis in selected F1 progeny Abstract: Marker assisted selection is the fast and objective method for detection of resistance major genes. This method is practical for identification of some candidate genes of quantitative resistance. Genetic markers based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used for evaluation of F1 progenies Ornella × Mira and Tábor × Mira. Cultivar Mira has resistance against Ro1 pathotype G. rostochiensis. Cultivars Ornela and Tábor are susceptible to Ro1. Seedlings of F1 generations were used for analyses. Plants were cultivated in greenhouse. DNA was isolated from tissue discs by GenElute Plant Genomic DNA Kit (Sigma, SRN). PCR marker of major gene H1 was used for bulked analyses, according to (Niewöhner et al. 1995). Size of this marker was 760 bp. Standard infection tests with Ro1 pathotype G. rostochiensis according to Potoček (1987) in all of the analysed genotypes were made. Segregation ratios of F1 progenies were determined. These ratios have described segregation of resistance markers and segregation of traits in the biological test. The both methods of evaluation of potato's resistance were compared by correlation analyse. High correlations were found between occurrence of PCR marker for H1 and resistance to Ro1 in biological test. Coefficient of correlation r = 0.962 in F1 progeny Ornella × Mira and r = 0.964 in hybrids Tábor × Mira. Statistical evaluation of real ratios of segregation by infection tests and DNA markers with theoretical ratios of segregation in simplex and duplex H1 gen qualitative determined resistance was made as well. Resistant cultivar Mira as donor of simplex determined resistance was confirmed. Keywords: potato, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L., DNA markers, PCR, Ro1 pathotype Globodera rostochiensis, resistance, major gene H1, bulked segregation analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 480-485 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4399-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4399-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4399-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Vejl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Skupinová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sedlák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Domkářová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Identification of PCN species (Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida) by using of ITS-1 region's polymorphism Abstract: Progressive methods of molecular analyses of DNA are routinely used in the fields of zoological and botanical taxonomy, pest management and plant breeding. Knowledge of species-composition in populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida) is very important for selection of appropriate measure of regulation PCN's occurrence. The molecular method for distinguishing of PCN species is described in this article. European populations of PCN - Šluknov (Ro1), Obersteinbach (Ro2), Harmerz (Ro5), Kalle (Pa2), Chavornay (Pa3), Delmsen (Pa3), and some cysts of unknown pathotype from Kašperské hory (K) locality were used. Species-specific sets of primers for ITS-1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) amplification were designed on base of known sequences ITS-1 of both PCN species by using of freeware Primers! for the World Wide Web. By using of set Fro1-Rro1 was product 411 bp detected (only in cause G. rostochiensis), by using of set Fpa2-Rpa1 the product 239 bp was detected (only G. pallida). For these reasons the identity of the European populations was confirmed. Cysts of population K were identified as G. pallida. Keywords: Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, ITS-1 region, PCR, DNA markers, species identification Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 486-489 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4400-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4400-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4400-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Faltusová-Kadlecová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faltus Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Prášil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Abscisic acid content during cold hardening of barley and wheat cultivars with different freezing toler Abstract: Endogenous content of abscisic acid was studied in a set of two winter cultivars of barleys (Lunet, Cenader), one spring cultivar (Akcent) and five winter cultivars of wheat (Mironovská, Samanta, Šárka, Zdar, Apache) and one spring cultivar (Leguan) in the course of cold hardening of hydroponically grown plants. Freezing tolerance was also determined in all barley and wheat cultivars under study. In none of the barley varieties did cold hardening of plants induce any significant change in abscisic acid content. In wheat plants exposed to cold hardening, the cultivars Apache and Leguan showed a slight transitory increase in abscisic acid content. Abscisic acid content in leaves was very similar in the other wheat cultivars. Neither in barley nor in wheat was the level of freezing tolerance associated with endogenous abscisic acid content or with its transitory changes during cold hardening. Keywords: abscisic acid, cold hardening, freezing tolerance, barley, wheat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 490-493 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4401-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4401-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4401-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mrkvička Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Veselá Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of fertilization rates on species composition, quality and yields of the meadow fodder Abstract: Four variants in four replications were studied on permanent meadow stand on Czech and Moravian highlands. The altitude a.s.l. is 485 m, original growth type was Dactylidetum, association Trifolio-Festucetum rubrae. Four variants: control (without fertilization), 40 kg P + 100 kg K/ha, 100 kg N/ha (+ PK) and 200 N/ha (+ PK) were evaluated. Botanical analyses of stands were done by the method of reduced projective dominance (D in %). The cut green matter was weighed up, mean samples for dry matter determination and chemical analyses were taken. Botanical composition of the meadow stand in 1991-2000 was not stabile and was changing due to nourishment. The yields of dry matter ranged within 10 years in the control variant from 1.07-3.42 t/ha (in the plot fertilized by P40K100 2.09-5.95 t/ha, in the plots with nitrogen (+ PK) 2.29-6.52 t/ha, resp. 3.74-7.61 t/ha). According to the t-test, the yields of dry mass in experimental variants are significant at 95% level. Keywords: permanent meadow stand, fertilization, species richness, yields, concentrations of elements Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 494-498 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4402-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4402-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4402-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Šantrůček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Brant Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Changes of botanical composition of grass stands under different types of management Abstract: A field trial with Bromus catharticus Vahl. cv. Tacit, Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl cv. Median, Festuca pratensis Huds. cv. Otava and Dactylis aschersoniana Graebn. cv. Tosca sown in rows 125 mm, was established in the year 1996 in Prague (chernozem, altitude 281 m a.s.l., average precipitation 472 mm per year, average year temperature 9.3°C). The stands were cut one or three times per year. The mass was removed or once or twice mulched. The share of the botanical species (by weight method), number of present species and agrobotanical groups (grasses, legumes, other dicotyledonous) coverage were measured from the third to the sixth year of vegetation. The results were evaluated by the analysis of variance (Tukey α = 0.05) and by time series analysis (forecasting) by the Statgraphics Plus programme, version 4.0. The species number increased rapidly with the three times cut variant during the four years, from 4 to 25 species, under the other management it was in average from 7 to 14 species, in the sixth year. The highest share of the sown species with the lowest reduction during the years was at Arrhenatherum elatius (41-72% in the sixth year). Bromus catharticus was extinct in the fifth year. The species chosen had a higher importance for conserving of the original botanical composition than the way of harvest. There was the significantly lower ground cover with the variant one cut per year (on average less than 70%). Mulch covered 15-64% of the surface in dependence on the dry mass yield and mulching frequency. The plants coverage was highest on the two or three times harvested variants (75-80%D). Keywords: arable land, setting-aside, grass, cutting, mulching, botanical composition, coverage Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 499-504 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4403-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4403-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4403-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.R. Rout Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Author-Name: P. Das Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Title: Rapid hydroponic screening for molybdenum tolerance in rice through morphological and biochemical analysis Abstract: High yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars were tested for their tolerance to different levels of molybdenum (Mo) (0.1µM - control, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6µM) in nutrient solution at pH 6.8. Seeds of rice were germinated and grown in presence of molybdenum under controlled environmental conditions. Standard growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, root/shoot dry biomass and root/shoot tolerance index were tested as markers of molybdenum toxicity. Measurements as early as 48 hours after the germination did not yield consistent results. However, root measurement on 3rd, 6th and 9th day after root emergence showed significant differences among cultivars of rice. Rice cultivars Annapurna, Kusuma, Deepa and Vaghari developed better root system while, Paridhan-1, Pusa-2-21 and Ratna showed poor growth of the roots in presence (0.8µM) of molybdenum. The root tolerance index (RTI) and the shoot tolerance index (STI) in Annapurna, Kusuma and Deepa in rice were high indicating their tolerance to molybdenum; Paridhan-1 and Ratna, however, showed low RTI and STI. Based on the growth parameters, twenty cultivars of rice were ranked in respect of their tolerance to molybdenum: Annapurrna > Deepa > Kusuma > Vaghari > Hamsa > Vikram > Bharati > Paridhan-2 > Aswathi > Subhadra > Sankar > Sakti > Nilgiri > Rudra > Hema > Pragati > Pusa-2-21 > Ratna > Paridhan-1, respectively. Molybdenum toxicity was correlated with increased peroxidase and catalase activity in different cultivars of rice. This method can be employed for quick screening of rice cultivars for molybdenum tolerance in breeding programmes. Keywords: molybdenum toxicity, catalase, hydroponic, peroxidase, rice, screening Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 505-512 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4404-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4404-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4404-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Nesvadba Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Krofta Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: New hop variety Agnus as the result of breeding process innovation in the Czech Republic Abstract: In the 90th, a methodology of hop breeding was innovated in the Czech Republic. Registration of a new variety Agnus in 2001 represents the result of the innovation mentioned above. Agnus variety is the first high-alpha hop in the assortment of Czech hop varieties. It contents 11-15% w/w of a-bitter acids and 5-7.5% w/w of b-bitter acids. The yield usually exceeds 2 t/ha. Cultivation of Agnus is tested in various localities within hop growing areas. Simultaneously brewing tests in pilot and full scale are performed in five Czech breweries. Keywords: hops, hop breeding, hop resins, hop oils, zoning, beer Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 513-517 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4405-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4405-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4405-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Hanč Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The zinc mobility in three different soils amended by sewage sludge incubated with limestone and lime, and Zn uptake by oats Abstract: The effect of sewage sludge application on three soils of different properties (Chernozems - location Suchdol, Luvisols - location Červený Újezd and Cambisols - location Humpolec) was investigated in pot experiment and the accumulation of Zn in above ground biomass of oat as well as availability of Zn released by 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 was evaluated. Stabilised sewage sludge was obtained from three wastewater factories in Czech Republic. Sewage sludge has been preincubated with addition of limestone and lime (7% of Ca w/w of sludge dry solid) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and tested in pot experiment. The highest Zn mobility reduction was found at Humpolec soil. Sludge amended by lime and limestone reduced available Zn content in this soil (at sludge III by 86% after limestone and by 71% after lime application). Considerable reduction of Zn in plant showed in Humpolec soil treated by sludge with lime (by 20% compared with soil treated by nonincubated sludge - control) and limestone (by 30% after anaerobic incubation compared to control). The positive incubation and treatment effect was not confirmed in the other soils. Available Zn in Humpolec soil showed the strongest correlation among all soils with total Zn content in plant (at aerobic treatment R2 = 0.66 and at anaerobic R2 = 0.83). Keywords: sewage sludge, zinc, oat, lime, limestone, pH, soil type Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 518-524 Volume: 48 Issue: 11 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4406-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4406-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200211-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:11:id:4406-PSE