Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kopeć Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University in Cracow, Poland Author-Name: K. Gondek Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University in Cracow, Poland Title: The effect of long-term fertilization on the sulphur content in soil and in the mountain meadow sward (Czarny Potok) Abstract: The influence of long-term regular mineral fertilization on the soil environment considering the total sulphur and the sulphur balance in the habitat of the permanent mountain meadow was investigated. The experimental field (set up in 1968) is situated at Czarny Potok (20°8' E, 49°4' N) in the central part of the Polish Carpathian. With completed annual NPK fertilisation 1.8 kg S/ha was introduced into the soil. The highest sulphur amount was found in the 0-10 cm horizon and this value slightly exceeded the content considered as natural. The sulphur content in the sward from Czarny Potok was lower than the mean sulphur content calculated in Poland for grasses (0.21% S). In the case of full NPK fertilisation the amount of removed sulphur ranged from 11.4 to 14.0 kg S/ha. The mean sulphur leaching into the soil profile from surface of 1 ha can be estimated from 1.1 to 3.7 kg S/ha. Keywords: sulphur content, mineral fertilization, soil, permanent mountain meadow Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 525-530 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4407-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4407-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4407-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vašíčková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of Cd and Zn contents in plants on Fe binding into organic substances of spinach biomass Abstract: Partial characterization of iron binding compounds in spinach above ground biomass and differences between binding of Cd, Zn and Fe in spinach biomass were investigated on two soils treated by sewage sludge in model pot experiment. After application of sludge to both soils, Cd and Zn accumulation in spinach biomass was increased in sludge treatments. Total Fe content in biomass showed opposite trend with these treatments and was decreased 2.5-2.7 fold. Results of sequential analysis of spinach biomass showed lower portions of iron in all individual fractions of both sewage sludge treatments compared to control treatments. The largest differences in iron content between control and sludge treatments were determined in ethyl acetate fraction. While majorities of Cd and Zn were found in fractions methanol + H2O and H2O and methanol + H2O + HCl, iron content determined in these two fractions was only 7-8% in control treatments and 15-20% in sludge treatments of total iron. In fraction, Fe portion was 87.7-90.7% in treatments without sludge and 76.1-83.5% in sludge treatments in spinach biomass. Results showed tighter iron binding to plant cell membranes in contrast to cadmium and zinc. Keywords: iron, Fe-binding compounds, sequential extraction, spinach, cadmium, zinc Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 531-535 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4408-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4408-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4408-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Mühlbachová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: The availability of DTPA extracted heavy metals during laboratory incubation of contaminated soils with glucose amendments Abstract: The laboratory incubation with glucose treatment was carried out in order to estimate the possible effects of increased microbial activity on heavy metal availability. The soils from vicinity of a lead smelter operating for more than 200 years were used for the experiment. The DTPA-extractable heavy metal contents increased after glucose addition and mostly reached the highest values the second day of the incubation. The comparative study, where the chloroform fumigation was used prior to the incubation in order to decrease the microbial activities, showed especially from second day of incubation significantly lower DTPA-extractable metal contents compared to non-fumigated treatments. The interactions among the maximum possible availability of DTPA-extractable heavy metal fractions and native soil microbial characteristics were studied in differently contaminated arable and grassland soils. Irrespective of different heavy metal contents in soils, significant correlations were found among the maximum percentage increase of DTPA-extractable Pb and Cd and the ratio Bc/TOC and metabolic quotient (qCO2) which may be a result of the important role of organic matter and microbial characteristics in soils on the heavy metal availability. Keywords: heavy metals, DTPA extractability, soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO2) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 536-542 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4409-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4409-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4409-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Váňová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Laudová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Harmatha Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Fungitoxicity of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. against selectedmicroscopic filamentous fungi Abstract: Vicine and convicine were isolated from mature seeds of Vicia faba L. These compounds were separated from the relevant fractions by HPLC and identified by IR, MS and NMR. Obtained vicine was used for all bioassays. Vicine in concentration of 25 µg in 1 ml of medium had significant toxic effect. The concentration of 5 µg of vicine in 1 ml of medium had significant fungistatic effect for fungi Fusarium culmorum and Alternaria alternata. The concentration of 500 ng of vicine in 1 ml of medium had significant fungistatic effect for fungi Cladosporium herbarum and Botrytis cinerea. The effective concentration of vicine in our test was significantly lower than is the concentration of vicine in seeds and pods of V. faba. The toxicity of vicine comparing with the toxicity of insecticide Actellic was higher by one order. Also, the fungicide Impact had a lower toxicity than vicine. Fungitoxic and fungistatic effect of vicine was comparable with some other tested fungicides and with the plant saponin digitonin. Our results confirmed that vicine is important natural fungicide. Keywords: vicine, convicine, pirimiphos-methyl, flutriafol, propiconazole, carbendazim, fungicide bioassay, Fusarium culmorum, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 543-547 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4410-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4410-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4410-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The accumulation of zinc in oat grown in soils treated by incubated sewage sludge with peat and straw Abstract: The effect of addition of treated sewage sludge on the accumulation of Zn in plants was tested in pot experiment. The additions of eight months preincubated sewage sludge at temperature of 20°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with addition of peat and straw were tested. Two different combinations were designed: first consisted of 50% sludge + 35% peat and 15% straw, and second was made of 50% sludge + 5% peat and 45% straw (expressed as dry matter). Three different soils Chernozems, Luvisols, and Fluvisols and three sludges were tested in the experiment. Oat (cv. Pan) was planted as experimental crop. All treatments were fertilized by NPK. Green biomass of oat was harvested and analyzed. At treatments with addition of both composted sludges pH dropped down causing higher mobility of Zn in sewage sludge. Oat grown in these treatments contained higher amount of Zn compared to untreated soils. The application of anaerobically treated sludge led to increased Zn content in biomass compared to aerobically incubated one. Predominant effect on Zn accumulation in plants was determined by tested soil. The highest content was determined in plants grown on Fluvisols. The biomass yield was more affected by source of sewage sludge than by the soil type used. Treatments amended by anaerobically incubated sludge showed tendency to higher biomass production due to their higher content of nitrogen and carbon. Keywords: sewage sludge, straw, peat, composting, zinc, oat Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 548-555 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4411-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4411-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4411-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Huttová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Tamás Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Mistrík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Aluminium induced acid phosphatase activity in roots of Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant barley varieties Abstract: In barley roots significant increase of acid phosphatase activity was observed during Al treatment. Especially steep increase was found in the roots of Al-sensitive cv. Alfor treated with Al in the range of 1-10mM which was followed by sudden decline when higher concentration (10-100mM) was applied. Continual, but significantly lower increase in phosphatase activity was also demonstrated in the roots of Al-tolerant cv. Bavaria in the range of 1-50mM Al. In both cases, Al-induced increase of acid phosphatase activity was accompanied by the increase in the amount of one phosphatase isoforme. Contrary to cv. Alfor where Al-induced changes reached their maximum in the first day of Al treatment in the Al-tolerant cv. Bavaria slight increase continued also on the second day of Al treatment. Our results indicate that different behaviour of acid phosphatase enzyme in barley cultivars during Al stress may play an important function in coping by the plants with Al induced phosphate deficiency syndrome. Keywords: aluminium, stress, acid phosphatase activity, isoenzymes, root growth inhibition, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 556-559 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4412-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4412-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200212-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4412-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Nedělník Author-Name: B. Cagaš Title: Konference o šlechtění a využití pícnin Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 560 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4413-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4413-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:4413-PSE