Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dudjak Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Orsák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pivec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of accelerated ageing on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains Abstract: The influence of accelerated ageing test (AAT), i.e. of higher temperature and humidity, on the content and composition of phenolic compounds in the grains of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the years 1998 and 1999. Total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau's phenolic reagent and free phenolic acids by an HPLC method in control samples and after deterioration treatment (AAT) in the Ebi, Estica, Nela, Samanta and Šárka cultivars. Statistical significance of deterioration treatment, cultivar, cultivation site, and harvest year was proved. Content of total polyphenols increased during deterioration and levels of the individual free phenolic acid changed depending on their structures. Mean contents of total polyphenols varied from 600 to 960 mg/kg of dry matter. The increase caused by the AAT ranged between 0-20%, the greatest mean increase was observed in the cultivar Nela (by 19%). Sinapic acid (as high as 540 mg/kg of dry matter), 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin were determined as the major phenolic acids and coumarins. A decrease of free phenolic acids containing methoxy groups in their molecules (sinapic and vanillic acids) and an increase of phenolic acids with free hydroxy groups (caffeic and gallic acids) was observed after deterioration treatment. Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect of AAT on the content of free phenolic acids was observed. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., wheat grain, polyphenols, phenolic acids, deterioration, accelerated ageing test, effect of higher temperature and humidity Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 1-7 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4081-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4081-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4081-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kolář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Klimeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Ledvina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kužel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil Abstract: A new method was proposed that complements the value of active carbon in the soil expressed as hot-water soluble carbon Chws. The method is based on vacuum measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of soil suspensions using an Oxi Top Control system manufactured by the WTW Merck Company that is destined for hydrochemical analyses of organically contaminated waters. Measurements will provide BOD values for particular days of incubation; total limit BODt can be determined from these values, and it is possible to calculate the rate constant k1 of mineralization of a decomposable part of soil organic matter. It is typical of soil organic matter (SOM) of a given soil sample and comparable with the BOD5:COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio that is used to evaluate degradability of water organic contamination in hydrochemical analytics. Keywords: soil organic matter (SOM), decomposable part of SOM, mineralization kinetics, analytical method Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 8-11 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4082-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4082-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4082-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Capouchová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Petr Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Marešová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of size distribution of starch granules in selected wheat varieties by the Low Angle Laser Light Scattering method Abstract: The distribution of the size of wheat starch granules using the method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering), followed by the evaluation of the effect of variety, experimental site and intensity of cultivation on the vol. % of the starch A (starch granules > 10 μm) was determined. The total starch content and crude protein content in dry matter of flour T530 in selected collection of five winter wheat varieties were determined. Vol. % of the starch A in evaluated collection of wheat varieties varied between 65.31 and 72.34%. The effect of a variety on the vol. % of starch A seemed to be more marked than the effect of site and intensity of cultivation. The highest vol. % of starch A reached evaluated varieties from the quality group C, i.e. varieties unsuitable for baking utilisation (except variety Contra with high total content of starch in dry matter of flour T530, but relatively low vol. % of starch A). A low vol. % of starch A was also found in the variety Hana (very good variety for baking utilisation). Certain variety differences followed from the evaluation of distribution of starch fractions of starch granules, forming starch A. In the case of varieties Hana, Contra and Siria higher representation of fractions up to 30 μm was recorded, while starch A in the varieties Estica andVersailleswas formed in higher degree by size fractions of starch granules over 30 μm and particularly size fraction > 50 μm was greatest in these varieties of all evaluated samples. With increasing total starch content in dry matter of flour T530 the crude protein content decreased; the vol. % of starch A not always increased proportionally with increasing total starch content. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, starch granules, starch A, LALLS method Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 12-17 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4083-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4083-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4083-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Hejduk Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Hrabě Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of different systems of grazing, type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures Abstract: Problems concerning total dry weight and distribution of underground phytomass were studied in a pasture trial at Rapotin near Šumperk, the CzechRepublicin the period 1995-1999. The total weight of dry underground pasture phytomass (DUP) was 976 g/m2 (5-year average) in a soil layer of 0-200 mm (both live and dead roots). The DUP was significantly increased by mineral fertilizers (90 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha a 90 kg K/ha). The weight of DUP was not significantly influenced by a grazing system, renewal or resowing of the original grassland. In unfertilized plots, DUP weight amounted to 989 g/m2, i.e. 92 g/m2 (8.6%) less than in fertilized plots in the period 1996-1999. In the same period, under the grassland exploited by rotational grazing 1142 and under continuous grazing 1082 g/m2 DUP were determined, i.e. by 60 g/m2 (5.5%) less. The highest DUP weight in the period 1996-1999 was found in autumn 1997 (1222 g/m2) immediately before achieving the maximum forage yield in May 1998. In a layer of 0-20 mm, 54.6% of the total DUP was found. In this surface layer, significant increase in the DUP weight was found in fertilized plots. In 1999, some 88.5 and 90.2% of DUP were concentrated in unfertilized (903 g/m2) and fertilized (952 g/m2) plots, respectively in a layer of 0-100 mm. Keywords: underground phytomass, pasture, fertilizing, grazing systems, roots distribution Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 18-23 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4084-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4084-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4084-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Nayak Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Author-Name: G.R. Rout Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Author-Name: P. Das Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India Title: Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers Abstract: Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 12 species of bamboo were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using thirty 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish 12 species and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of one hundred thirty seven distinct polymorphic DNA fragments (bands), ranging from 0.4-3.3 kb were amplified by using 10 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on presence or absence of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters belonging to 12 species of bamboo. Two major clusters were further divided into three minor clusters. The species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata were the most closely related and formed the first minor cluster along with Bambusa ventricosa. The variety of Bambusa multiplex var. Silver stripe and Bambusa multiplex were very closely related and there was no variation with Bambusa ventricosa. Another minor cluster was obtained between Bambusa arundinacea, Cephalostachyum pergracil and Bambusa balcooa. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships between taxa and species of bamboo for breeding program. Keywords: bamboo, genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships, RAPD analysis Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 24-28 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4085-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4085-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4085-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Lešnik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maribor, Slovenia Title: The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency Abstract: The impact of maize stand density (4, 8 and 12 plants per m2) on herbicide efficiency (in %) and cob yield loss (in %) was studied in four field trials. The mixture of soil-applied herbicides (HS) isoxaflutole and S-metolachlor and the mixture of foliar-applied herbicides (HF) dicamba and rimsulfuron was applied in two dosages (100 and 75% of dose recommended by manufacturers). The 100% dose of HS was (75 g isoxaflutole + 960 ml S-metolachlor) per ha and 100% dose of HF was (12.5 g rimsulfuron + 240 ml dicamba) per ha. In all four trials, the studied factors (stand density, herbicide type and dose) had significant impact on herbicide efficiency and on maize cob yield loss. The herbicide efficiency decreased significantly, when herbicides were applied to maize of lower stand density and the maize yield losses increased. When weed population was composed predominantly of annual seed weeds higher efficiency was obtained by HS herbicides, conversely, when the weed population was composed predominantly of perennial weeds the HF herbicides provided better control. The reduction of herbicide dose always caused the significant reduction in herbicide efficiency and increase in maize yield loss. Keywords: maize, stand density, yield loss, herbicide efficiency, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor, dicamba, rimsulfuron Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 29-35 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4086-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4086-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4086-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Przulj Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Author-Name: V. Momčilović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Title: Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley Abstract: During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995-1998) atNovi Sad (45°20'N, 15°51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57-92% and 54-129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41-85% and 37-153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57-0.63 and 0.71-0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions. Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichum L.), dry matter, nitrogen, accumulation, translocation, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen harvest index, correlation Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 36-47 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4087-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4087-PSE.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/pse-200301-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4087-PSE Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Voplakal Author-Name: J. Vopravil Title: International Pedological Conference Soils under Global Change - a Challenge for the 21st Century: From the Sphere of Science Journal: Plant, Soil and Environment Pages: 48 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4088-PSE File-URL: http://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4088-PSE.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:4088-PSE